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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,1. The man,lives next door is a writer.,2.The woman,I visited last week is a famous writer.,3. Beijing is the city,has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,4. A dictionary is a book,you can use to learn more words.,5. The little boy,eyes are blue is holding a dog.,6. The house,roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.,who / that,who / whom / that/-,which / that,which / that/-,whose,whose,when,I began to work in Beijing in the year _New China was founded.,Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?,why,9. I cant remember the place _I put my book.,where,一、定语从句的定义：,用来修饰,名词,或,代词,的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫,先行词,（,antecedent,）。,定语从句一般是由,关系代词,或,关系副词,来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。,eg,: 1. Do you know,the man,who,came to see Xiao Yang this morning?,2.,The day,is not far off,when,we will make a trip to Britain.,定语从句归纳总结,二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：,1,、引导作用,2,、替代作用,3,、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,eg,: 1.Those,who,want to go,please sign your names here.,2.This is the house,where,he was born.,3. Bill,who,was here yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,指人,指物,subject (,主语,),object (,宾语,),attribute,（定语）,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系副词的用法,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,when,time,adverbial,（,状语）,no,where,place,adverbial,no,why,reason,adverbial,no,关系副词,that,和,which,在指物的情况下,一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,I am sure she has,something,(that),you can borrow.,Ive read,all,the books,that,are not mine.,This is,the first,book,(that),he has read.,This is,the very,book,that,belongs to him.,1),当先行词是,all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much,等不定代词或被,all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only,等修饰时,.,2),先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,3),先行词被,the only, the very, the same, the last,修饰时,(5),先行词是,who,或,who,引导的主句。,Who is the girl,that,drove the car?,Who,that,broke the window will be punished.,(6),主句以,There be,引导时,There are,200 people,that,didn,t know the thing.,(7),当先行词在定语从句中作,be,表语時，关系代词用,that.,She isn,t the,girl,that,she,was,10 years ago.,(8),当先行词是,which,时，关系代词用,that.,Which,is the book,that,you bought last week?,(4),当先行词既有人又有物时,用关系代词,that,We were deeply impressed by the teachers,and the schools,that,we had visited there,.,关系代词指物时只用,which,不用,that,的情况,（,1,）在介词之后,This is the question,about which,weve had so much discussion.,（,2,）当主句中的主语被,that,修饰时。,eg,.,That,dog,which,I found in the street belongs to Mary.,(3),在非限定性定语从句中必须用,which,不能用,that,。,They have invited me to visit their country,which,is very kind of them.,that,和,who,在指 人的情况下,一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,who,而不用,that,。,1.,先行词为,those, one, ones, peoples,时,Those,who,are from Qingdao come this way.,2.,当先行词是用,-body,或,-one,构成的不定代词时,Is there anybody else,who,should be invited,关系副词,when, where, why,的用法,关系副词都等于一个适当的介词,which,，,在从句中作,状语,When=in/at/on/during+which;,Where=in/at/on/+which;,Why=for +which,1.Do you still remember the day,when(on which),we went to visit the museum together?,2.This is the factory,where(in which),my father once worked.,3.This is the reason,why(for which),he was late.,A.,I know a place,where,we can have a picnic,.,I know a place,which / that,is famous for its beautiful natural scenery,.,Compare :,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分（,注意事项,）,B.,I will never forget the days,when,we spent our holidays together,.,I will never forget the days,that / which,we spent,together,.,C.,This is the reason,why,he was dismissed,.,This is the reason,that / which,he explained to me for,his not attending the meeting,.,注意,:,关系代词放在介词后面，只能用,which,或,whom,a.This is the boy,with whom,he worked,.,b.This is the boy,whom,he,worked,with,.,c. This is the boy,who,he worked,with,.,d. This is the boy,he worked,with,.,e. The house,where,we live,is not large.,f. The house,in which,we live,is not large.,g. The house,which,we live,in,is not large.,h. The house,we live,in,is not large.,as,从句的先行词是,the same, such,或被他们所修饰；在从句中做主语或宾语；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。,e.g. Many of the sports are the same,as,they were when they started,.,The result was not such,as,he expected,.,It was raining hard,which,/ as,was unexpected,.,常用于,as is known to all, as you know, as is expected,，,the sameas, suchas, as,as, soas,句型中，,as,不可省略,1.,Such,people,as,you describe,are rare nowadays.,2.Lets discuss only,such,questions,as,concern every one of us.,3.Would you please buy me,the same,novel,as,you bought for brother yesterday, Mum?,4.,As,we all know,John is an honest man.,比较：,She wore,the same,dress,that,she wore at Marrys wedding.,Which,和,as,在引导非限定性定语从句时可以指代一件事，,如：,The gentleman admired Mrs. Brown,which,surprised me.,As,we had expected,his performance was excellent,.,在这时,as,可以在句首，,which,不可以；,as,有正如的意思， 而,which,没有。,八、,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1,限制性定语从句是,先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，,如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。,如：,a) What is the name of the tall woman,who is standing there?,站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字,?,b) Toronto is a city,(that) I,ve,always wanted to visit,.,多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。,2,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是,对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般,不用,that,引导。非限制性定语从句中，,关系词不可省略,。如：,a) Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has a very long history.,意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。,b) Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.,昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。,c) He lent me a dictionary,which was just what I needed.,他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。,3.,大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，,而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由,which,引导。,eg,. A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.,一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。,析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由,which,引导定语从句。,eg,. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.,一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。,析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由,which,引导非限制性定语从句。,1. Some of the roads were flooded,made our journey more difficult.,2. He has smoothly entered a key middle school,makes his parents very happy.,3.,Mr,King,legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.,5. We shall make a decision about Ms King,story I have just told you.,6. He made the same mistakes again, _ made his parents very angry.,7. Yesterday I bought a dictionary, _ cost me more than 100,yuan,.,8.,Mr,Smith, _ gave a talk several months,ago,will,come again.,9. My uncle has come back from abroad, _ I havent met for along time.,which,which,whose,whose,which,which,who,whom,1. Her brother who,is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学,.,（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）,Her brother, who,is now a soldier, always encourages her,to go to college.,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）,2. All the books that,have pictures in them,are well written.,所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）,All the books, which,have pictures in them, are well written.,所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）,比较：,a) She has two brothers,who are working in the city.,She has more than two brothers.,她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。,b) She has two brothers,who are working in the city.,She has only two brothers.,她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。,下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。,a) He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.,他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。,b) He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.,他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。,1. She was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.,A. which B. who C. this,D. what,2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.,A. which B. when C. that D. where,3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.,A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom,4. Please take any seat _ is free.,A. which B. where C. in which D. that,5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.,A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them,6. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(,摩天大楼,)_ has more than 100,storeys,.,A. the higher of them B. the highest of which,C. the highest of them D. some of which,7. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.,A. which B. as C. where D. when,8. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home.,A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time,9. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.,A. who B. whose C. that,D. which,10. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.,A. what B. which C. that D. it,11. Mr. Wang is a boss, _ factory Li Ping worked.,A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which,12. I dont like the way_ you speak to her.,A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C,13. I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, has a good effect on my life.,A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who,14. _ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,A. What B. That C. As D. It,15. Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?,A. that B. which C. the one D. /,16. Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.,A. that B. which C. as D. like,17. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.,A. / B. that C. which D. who,18. This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.,A. where B. there C. that D. which,19. Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing, _ my old parents live.,A. which B. that C. where D. there,20. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.,A. that B. which C. when D. where,猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗,?,1.,不懂装懂，一事无成,.,He,who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.,2.,甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼,.,He,that makes himself a sheep,shall be eaten by the wolf,.,3.,万事开头难,Its the first,step,that costs,.,4.,千里之行，始于足下,。,He,who would climb that ladder,must begin at the bottom,.,5.,自满的人腹中空,.,He,who is full of himself,is very empty,.,6.,闪光的未必都是金子,Not all,that glitters,is gold.,Goodbye!,
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