首字母填空解题方法大全

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,首字母填空 第二讲,&,第三讲,&,第四讲,判断词性、句子成分、句子结构篇,1,判断词性,2,分析句子成分,3,总结句子结构,Do you still remember?,名词,考虑其单复数形式,动词,考虑其时态、语态及搭配,形容词,考虑要不要用比较级或最高级，是否需要变成副词,逐空验证词尾是否要加,-s / -es ，,-s/-ing / -ed ，,-er / -est ， -ly 等。,（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。,后续的工作,开胃小菜,Many famous people f_ lots of times before they succeeded.,1.,确定词性,2.,找出判断依据,3.,注意时态,动词,填,succeeded,的反义词,succeeded,是过去式，,fail,也应该是,failed,ailed,有没有一种经历：,这个词我想出来了，,100%确定是对的，,结果试卷一发下来，,单词形式错了？,真相只有一个：,你不会判断词性！,首字母填空题考查的是语篇理解过程中的分析判断，句子成分与词性的对应关系，语法结构，词义辨析等全方位的综合能力。,所以准确判断词性是做好首填题的一大必备技能。,1,动词（,Verbs,）,2,名词（,Nouns,）,3,形容词（,Adjectives),4,副词（,Adverbs),7,介词（,Prepositions,）,9,冠词（,Articles,）,8,数词（,Numerals,）,5,代词（,Pronouns),10,感叹词（,Interjections,）,6,连词（,Conjunctions),英语词性的分类,实词,（实义词）,表示完整意的词汇意义,动词,v,名词,n,形容词,adj,副词,adv,动作或状态,人或事物的名称,人或事物的特征，修饰名词,动作的状态或特征，修饰动、形、副、全句,虚词,（功能词）,没有完整的词汇意义，只表示语法意义,助动,aux,代,pron,.,连词,conj.,介词,prep.,冠词,art.,Do,can,many,must,will,等，置于主动词之前,代替名词、数词、形容词,连接单词、词组、分句的逻辑词,用在名词性成分（名词、代词）之前,在名词之前，限定所指范围,数词,num.,表示数目（基数词）或顺序（序数词）,感叹词,int.,oh,，,hello,，,hi,，,yeah,等,（注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功能词两者之间）,词性判断,The doctor looked him over and told him not to e_ meat and sugar.,1.,去除枝干（包括,not,）,2.,词组搭配：,tell,sb,to do,3.,通过,meat and sugar,来确定词性,有,the,就填最高级,Tea is the o_ drink in the,world.It,has 5000 years of history in China.,1.,判断词性,2.,找出判断依据，确定单词,3.,注意词形,形容词,ldest,In the USA,，,headmasters and teachers discipline(,惩罚,) students in many ways. The teacher often w_ to or calls the students parents.,1.,去除枝干,The teacher w_ to the parents.,2.,确定词性,动词,3.,找出同义词,(,解题关键词,),4.,结束了吗？说说你的答案！,calls就是三单，空格和call是并列关系，也应该填三单。,rites,Years ago, mobile phones were rather e_. Only important people and people w_ a lot of money had them.,1.,注意感情色彩，找出关键词,only,2.,把,important people,理解为有权人，后面就是有钱人。有：,there be,（短语），,have/has,（动词），,with,（介词）,xpensive,ith,These days, the prices have been greatly reduced, and mobile phones come in small size and d_ colors. So more and more,people,e,_ school students, have them in their hands.,1.,理解题意，手机价格降低，颜色多彩化,2.,注意感情色彩。主谓宾齐全，,非介即副,。甚至是,ifferent,ven,高频考点：副词,如何确定填副词，首先要清楚副词的位置，它的位置一般在：,1,）动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调作用,2,）动词后修饰，进一步说明,3,）句前句后表示时间，地点,常考的副词有：表强调的副词,only,，,even,，,especially,，,still,，,also,，,always,，,almost,，,already,；表否定的,hardly,，,never,，,seldom,，,rarely,等；句中用逗号隔开的,however,，句后的,again,，,together,，,altogether,，,instead,，,soon,，,anywhere,等，句中的,sometimes,，,usually,等。,He is old e_ for drinking.,主系表结构俱全，后面,for drinking,就是“浮云”，所以,e,开头的单词和,old,有关，就是修饰,old,的副词，填,enough.,开挂技巧,:,凡是看不出是什么词性的，一般都是副词。,especially,和,even,E,specially,：特别是。,1.,强调，特指。,2,）常表示后面的人或事本应怎么样，理所应当怎么样,Some young people in the United,States,e,_ college,students,do,not go out on traditional days.,解析：,young,people,包含,college students,，所以不是递进关系的副词,even,，而是,especially,We,shoud,give the seat to the people who need it on the,bus,e,_ for the old.,分析：在公交车上，我们应该把作为让给有需要的人士，尤其是老人。这里也是强调，特指老人，所以。也可以理解为老人理所应当享受座位。,Even,：甚至。,1.,递进关系,2.,常表示后面的人或事没被寄予多大希望而“锦上添花”，也可能是情况越来越糟“屋漏偏遭连夜雨”,Everyone should do their best to protect environment_ the teenagers.,分析：大家都来保护环境，还有青少年，属于“锦上添花”，有递进关系，那就是,even,中考真题练习,【,例,1】 Anna was on the diet for two months. Her doctor was pleased with her. “ You have been very good,” he said “ You can eat some of the foods you like best., but only a little. Dont eat too many sweets.If you do, you will get a lot of weight a_., “ But when you eat it, it makes you sick. Its not a good food for you.” “ You are right,，”,said Frank. “ Well, Ill eat more cake i_.,【,分析,】,这两题填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺少主要成分，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里的常用副词放一遍，确定填,again,及,instead,。,【,例,2】 Some people say that reading is out of date,（过时的， 陈旧的）,. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is h_ out of date!,【,分析,】,动词前后的副词不是强调就是否定，看一下句意，确定应填否定，,h,开头当然是,hardly,了。,【,例,3】 I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in England. At the same time he a_ realized who I was.,【,分析,】,以,a,开头的副词，同学们常常不能很好地确定是,also,、,always,还是,almost,。我们不妨先学习填,also,的诀窍：如果本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中的动作与上句一致，都是,realize,，就确定填,also,（也）。,【,例,4】 Have a warm bath- its a great way to relax. But n_ stay in the bathroom too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.,【,分析,】,此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为,not,，就是没有掌握好基本规则，,动词前用副词,never,、,not,必须与助动词连用，而,no,后必须接名词或动名词。,实词，就要注意名词的单复数和动词的时态、语态，形容词的比较级最高级和副词形式；,如果是介词，要注意前后相关的词组；,如果是副词，要注意感情色彩，结合上下文判断句子语气，选择贴切副词。,Summary,正餐开吃,Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves.,Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.,分析：通读短文以后发现,Mr. Wu,是一位老师,.,。从,old,可推断他不久要退休了,“,l_”,应为谓语动词,leaving ;,“s_”,是第三句的主语,结合,have,判断为,students;,“ h_,是,give,的宾语,判断为,him ;,“ p_”,的内容是,cards, note-books ,所以判断为名词,presents;,“ t_”,是介词,among,的宾语,应为,them ;,“ m_”,处于,be done by,的结构中,应为过去分词,made;,“h_”,位于情态动词,will,之后,应为动词原形,help;,“t_”,是,remember,的宾语,并且受到,happy,的修饰应为,time,“t_”,是主语,名词或代词,teachers / they;,“p_”,是,have,的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词,party,“s_”,前有,to,分析成分为目的状语,to do,即,to say,Years ago, mobile phones were rather e_1_. Only important people and people w_2_ a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly reduced, and mobile phones come in small size and d_3_ colors. So more and more people,_4_ school students, have them in their hands.,It is t_5_ that it is an easy way to keep in,touych,with friends at any time and in any,places.But,in places like,clssrooms,movie,theatred,and,museums,where,everyone should be quiet or talk in a low v_6_,we can also hear mobile phones,ringing.Some,drivers have accidents for using mobile phones while d_7_.W_8_ of,all,some,studenys,who cant p_9_ their phone bills do something illegal(,不合法的,) to get the,money.So,are,mobile phones r_10_ a good thing?,5.,true,6.voice 7.driving 8.worst 9. pay 10. really,PART 02,句子成分篇,例句,:,I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterday,in the house】,主 谓 定 宾 状,I,是主语，发出动作的人或物。,play,是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包括行为动词如,play,go,listen,就是一个动作，还包括,be,动词即,am is are been,basketball,就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面的那个词（就是动作的承受者）,yesterday,是时间状语，,in the house,是地点状语,状语可以表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目的,r,ed,按词性划分是形容词，按句子成分划分就是定语，修饰,baskeball,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。,句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,.,表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。,一、主语（,subject,）,:,句子说明的人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。,The sun rises in the east. (,名词,),He likes dancing. (,代词,),Twenty years is a short time in history. (,数词,),Seeing is believing. (,动名词,),To see is to believe. (,不定式,),What he needs is a book. (,主语从句,),It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a,tree.(It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语,),(1),对主语的判断,1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ),2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ),3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our school in August. ( science),4. _ is my,favourite,sport. ( fish ),5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ),Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting,分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（,1-,题）；,动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或,doing,（、）。,二、谓语（,predicate,）,:,说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：,He can speak German.,We study English.,He fell asleep.,(2),对谓语的判断,John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.”,Key: came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt,分析：语篇中的所缺字除,ringing,以外均为谓语动词。,谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。,当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。,begin to do,和,begin doing,可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用,to do:,（,1,）,.,主语不是指人，而是,it,等。如,:It began to rain.,（,2,）,. begin,后接表示心理活动的词。如,:begin to know,，,believe,，,wonder,，,think,等。 （,3,）,. begin,本身是,ing,形式，为避免重复后接,to do,即,beginning to do,三、表语（,predicative,）,:,表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置于系动词后面,。,形容词作表语,You look younger than before.,名词作表语,My father is a teacher.,副词作表语,Everyone is here.,介词短语作表语,They are at the theatre.,不定式作表语,My job is to teach them English.,动名词作表语,Her job is training the nurses.,从句作表语,That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.,常见的系动词有,: be, sound(,听起来,),，,look(,看起来,),，,feel(,摸起来,),，,smell(,闻起来,),，,taste(,尝、吃起来,),，,remain(,保持，仍是,),，,feel(,感觉,) .,It sounds a good idea.,The sound sounds strange.,Her voice sounds sweet.,Tom looks thin.,The food smells delicious.,The food tastes good.,The door remains open.,Now I feel tired.,(3),对表语的判断,It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible),2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ),3.,Petter,is going to be,a(n,) _ when he grows,up.(engine,),4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.,（,usually,）,5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members.,（,please,）,Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure,分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。动词必须改成,to do ,doing,或,done,的形式。,三、宾语,1),动作的承受者,动宾,I like China. (,名词,),He hates you. (,代词,),How many do you need? We need two. (,数词,),I enjoy working with you. (,动名词,),I hope to see you again. (,不定式,),Did you write down what he said? (,宾语从句,),2),介词后的名词、代词和动名词,介宾,Are you afraid of the snake?,Under the snow, there are many rocks.,3),双宾语,间宾,(,指人,),和直宾,(,指物,),He gave me a book yesterday.,Give the poor man some money.,口诀：这个值（直）钱的宝物，人见（间）人爱！,(3),对宾语的判断,1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai,after his long absence from the city. ( develop ),2. Thank you for your _. ( kind ),3. At last he sold his _. ( invent ),Key: 1. development 2. kindness 3. invention,分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。,四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为,复合宾语,。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语,.,We elected him monitor. (,名词,),We will make them happy. (,形容词,),We found nobody in. (,副词,),Please make yourself at home. (,介词短语,),Dont let him do that. (,省,to,不定式,),His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (,带,to,不定式,),Dont keep the lights burning. (,现在分词,),Ill have my bike repaired. (,过去分词,),五、主补：,对主语的补充。,He was elected monitor.,She was found singing in the next room.,六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词,(,过去分词,),或短语等都可以充当定语。,Amy is a chemistry teacher.(,名词,),He is our friend. (,代词,),We belong to the third world. (,数词,),He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(,形容词,),The man over there is my old friend.(,副词,),The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (,介词,),The boys playing football are in Class 2. (,现在分词,),The trees planted last year are growing well now. (,过去分词,),I have an idea to do it well. (,不定式,),You should do everything that I do. (,定语从句,),(6),对定语的判断,1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally),2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly),3. This is an _book. (interest),4. The French artist said, “ it is my _ time to visit,Shanghai,. I love this city so much. ( one ),5. The book _ by,Luxun,is very famous. ( write ),6. Its a _ day ,ist,it ? ( sun),Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) interesting (4) first (5) written (6) sunny,分析,:,：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：,stamp show / physics teacher,。 动词必须变形为：,to do, doing,或,done,的形式。,七、状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。,I will go there tomorrow.,The meeting will be held in the meeting room.,The meat went bad because of the hot weather.,He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.,If you study hard, you will pass the exam.,He goes to school by bike.,Though he is young, he can do it well.,(7),对状语的判断,1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to,Hong Kong,so _ (easy),2. Watch _ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ),3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ),Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely,状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随情况的成分。,词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为,to do, doing,或,done,。,Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. H_(1)_, we all need to dream according to the scientists. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams e_(2)_ night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films. They come to us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.,（,1,）通过这个空格，大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词,However,然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而，根据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。,（,2,）从句子成分而言，,e_ night,在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，,night,是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填的是,every,（,3,）在句子成分中，此处要不做的是状语，要不做的就是表语，若做表语（,3,）处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词，但是从整句句意来看，（,3,）应该填的是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影,实战演练,Dreaming may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams.,4,）,a,冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语，而在（,4,）有介词,of,，所以（,4,）填的是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦也许是尝试找到一个答案的方法,（,5,）,have been t_,，这个结构中很容易看出是一个时态的结构，在,be,动词后如果跟现在分词表示进行，如果,be,动词后跟过去分词，则表示被动，从此处来看不存在被动关系，所以此处应该用现在分词,thinking,，整句话的意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们的工作,Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we cant remember the dream. Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good. The m_(7)_ we sleep, the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.Key,：,1. However2. every3. like 4. way 5. thinking6. disappear 7. more,（,6,）在,can,情态动词之后应该跟动词原形，所以（,6,）应该填的是一个动词，从整句话中可以看出，梦能够从记忆中快速消失，所以用,disappear,（,7,）此句中用了一个,the+,比较级，,the+,比较级的结构，从后一句来看,longer,是副词的比较级，所以前者应该也用副词的比较级，整句句意表示为我们睡的越多，我们做梦的时间就越长，所以此处填,more,Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. However(1), we all need to dream according to the scientists. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams every (2) night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like (3) old films. They come to us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way (4) of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been thinking (5) about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we cant remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (6) quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good. The more(7)we sleep, the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.,read the whole passage by heart,PART 03,句子结构篇,基本句型是句子结构的几种,基本格局,，也是千变万化的句子的,结构雏形,。这五种基本句型十分重要，正是这些有限的基本结构及其转换形式衍生出了无限的实际使用中的句子。,一、句型,1,：,Subject (,主语,) + Verb (,谓语,),这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：,work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen,等。如：,The accident happened yesterday afternoon.,事故是昨天下午发生的。,二、句型,2,：,Subject (,主语,) + Link. V(,系动词,) + Predicate(,表语,),这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：,(1),表示状态。这样的词有：,be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep,等。如：,This kind of food tastes delicious.,2) He looked worried just now.,(2),表示变化。这类系动词有：,become, turn, get, grow, go,等。如：,1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.,2) The tree has grown much taller than before.,三、句型,3,：,Subject(,主语,) + Verb (,谓语,) + Object (,宾语,),He took his bag and left.(,名词,),Li Lei always helps me. (,代词,),She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(,不定式,),四、句型,4,：,Subject(,主语,)+Verb(,谓语,)+ Indirect object(,间接宾语,)+Direct object (,直接宾语,),Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.,2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.,上述句子还可以表达为：,1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.,2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.,五、句型,5,：,Subject(,主语,)+Verb (,谓语,)+Object (,宾语,)+Complement(,补语,),1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. (,形容词,),2) We made him our monitor.(,名词,),3) His father told him not to play in the street.(,不定式,),4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(,现在分词,),There are t,1,many accidents in cities. Accidents often happen when people c,2,the roads or streets. Read the passage c,3,and learn to be careful later on. Be careful when it is r,4,. Many accidents happen on rainy days. People are in a h,5,because they dont want to get w,6,. They often cross the roads quickly. Often they cant see c,7,as they hold their umbrellas in front of t,8,. Remember that cars take l,9,time to stop when the roads are wet. When it is raining, we must be more and more careful, not l,10,careful.,1.too 2.cross 3.carefully 4.rainy 5.hurry 6.wet 7.clearly 8.themselves 9.longer 10.less,Thank You !,