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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式,不定式由“,to+,动词原形,”构成,其否定形式是“,not/never to do,”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“,for+,名词或代词宾格,”构成。,不定式,结构,: to do,(,否定,) not/never to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2). He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(,一般式表示与谓语的动作同时,/,几乎,/,发生在,它之后,.),(,在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行,),(,完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,),(4).Were happy,to have been working with,you.,(,完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的,动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续,),1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,三,.,用法,/,功能,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn English well,.,(1).,主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数,若不定式太长,往往用,it,作形式主语,不定式置后,.,My job,to help the patient,.,Your task,to clean the classroom,.,is,is,(2).,表语,I want,to go home,.,The workers demanded,to get better pay,.,I found it necessary,to talk to him again,.,(3),宾语,think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,hope, refuse, learn, set out,choose, decide, agree, manage,pretend, plan.,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,(4).,宾补,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉,:,feel,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force,等,e.g. I made him do his work.,He was made,to,do his work (by me).,注意,1 help,后面的“,to”,可省去,e.g. They often help the grandma (to),carry water.,2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at,等表示,感觉和,let, make, have,等表示使役的动词后,面，不定式作宾语时要省“,to”,（注：被动,语态不省,to,）,3,不定式用在介词,but, except, besides,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的,各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to.,(1). She could,do,nothing,but cry,.,(2). I,have,no choice,but to go,.,(3).What do you like to,do,besides sleep,.,I have something,to say,.,He has a lot of homework,to do,.,He is looking for a room,to live,in,.,There is nothing,to worry,about,.,(5).,定语,(,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词,.),请给我一支写字的笔,.,Please give me a pen to write with.,不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种,关系：,(1),动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do,.,我有很多工作要做。,(2),主谓关系,He is always the first to come,.,他总是第一个来。,(3),同位关系,We all have a chance to go to college,.,我们都有上大学的机会。,2.,作定语的不定式如果是,不及物动词,，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有,相应的介词,。,3.,不定式所修饰的名词如果是,time, place,或,way,，,不定式后面的,介词习惯上要省去,。,e.g. He is looking for a room to live in.,他在找一个房间住。,e.g. He had no money and no place to live.,他没钱没地方住。,4. something, anything, nothing, everything,等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g. Do you have anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要寄吗,I came here,to see you.,He got up early,to catch the train.,(6),状语,（表示目的或结果）,in order to ,so as to ,enough to ,only to ,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现,(7).,独立结构,to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,(8),不定式与疑问词,who,which, when, how, what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,他不知道说什么。,(,宾语,),How to solve,the problem is very important,.,如何解决这个问题很重要。,(,主语,),My question is,when to start,.,我的问题是什么时候开始。,(,表语,),注意：,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,Why not have a rest?,关于不定式中的小品词,to,(1).,不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,省略该动词,.,eg,: Would you like to go with me ?,Id like to .,(2).,不定式是,to be,结构, be,不可省,.,eg,: Would you like to be a teacher?,Id like to be.,exercise,My teacher was made _ his teaching,because of poor health.,giving up B. to give up,C. give up D. given up,2.The sentence wants _ once more.,explained B. to explain,C. being explained D. explaining,3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.,having been B. to have been,C. to be D. being,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth,_ for him without delay.,to have woven B. to be woven,C. to be weaving D. to weave,5.I found the German language hard _.,learned B. learning,C. to be learned D. to learn,6.The light in the office is still on.,- Oh, I forgot _.,turning it off B. turn it off,C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,几对易混淆的词组：,stop to do,sth,.,停止去做某事,doing,sth,.,停止正在做,forget to do,sth,.,忘记去做,doing,sth,.,忘记已做了,remember to do,sth,.,记得去做,doing,sth,.,记得曾经做,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement,between the company and the customers?,-The key _ the problem is to meet,the demand _ by the customers.,to solving, making B. to solving, made,C. to solve, making D. to solve, made,8. -What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,school to study in,B. school for children to study,C. studying school,D. school to study,9. -Did you get a job?,- No, I _ , but its no use.,expected B. tried to,C. managed to D. planned,10.We find it impossible for the work _,ahead of time.,to finish B. finishing,C. being finished D. to be finished,11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.,-Why not _ there by boat for a,change?,to try to go B. try going,C. to try going D. try to go,12._ a living, she had to work from,morning till night.,To make B. Made,C. Making D. To have made,13. I would rather starve to death than _,for food.,beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg,14.The boy pretended _ when his mother,entered.,reading B. to read,C. to be reading D. being read,Exercise,1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B. to study,C. to be studying D. to have been studying,2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.,not make B. not to make,C. not making D. dont make,3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.,expected B. to expect,C. to be expecting D. expects,4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,to see B. to be seen,C. seeing D. see,5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.,it what to do with B. what to do with it,C. what to do it with D. to do what with it,6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.,A. who B. when C. how D. why,7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.,A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,A. having met B. meeting,C. to meet D. to have met,9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,A. to eat not B.eating not,C. not to eat D.not eating,11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A. to go B. to have gone,C. going D. having gone,12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,A. to invent B. inventing,C. to have invented D. having invented,13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,A. to be taken B. to take,C. being taken D. taking,14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.,A. To sleep B. Sleeping,C. Sleep D. Having sleep,15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A. dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,1,爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。,_,are both great happiness.,2,中国人民决不会征服。,The Chinese people refuse _,3,据说他已经完成了他的工作。,He is said _.,4,根据报道他们已安全到达。,They are reported _,To love and to be loved,to give in/ be conquered,to have finished/completed his work,to have arrived safely,5,我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。,I want this bike _.,6,玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。,Mary seemed _.,7,众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。,He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.,to be repaired at once/ immediately,to have been told about it,to have been given,He was overheard,to say,that he hoped John would resign.,Peter was made,to wait,outside.,He was heard,to unlock,the door and go out.,The man was seen,to shoot,the woman on the street.,The old lady was noticed,to wipe,her face with a handkerchief.,I forgot to ask you,to,go to the bank.,It is very important,to turn off,the electricity before you check the machine.,I know how,to make,a mouse out of my handkerchief.,Luckily, we dont have much more work,to do,.,She was very pleased,to have,the opportunity to travel while she was young.,She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is,to get,married and have a child., started,pushing/ to push, promised,to go, advise you,to eat, began,shouting/to shout, avoid,falling, forget,to call, felt like,throwing, let them,stay,a. to tell b. spending,a. putting b. to check,a. talking b. to make c. to drink,a. to get b. thinking,
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