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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,4/30/2017,#,Chapter4,SomeDays,;,Neveradull,moment,一. 教学内容:,Chapter 4 Some Days;Never a dull moment,二. 具体过程:,(一)For theres never a dull moment in the housewelive in.因为在我家的房子里一刻都不无聊。,because, as, for, since 这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为:becausesince,asfor;其中 because, since, as 均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句;而 for 是并列连词,引导并列,句。,1. because 表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why,的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。例如:,(1)I stayed at home becauseit rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里。,(2)BecauseLingling was ill, shedidnt cometo school. 玲玲因病没有上学。,(3) Why is sheabsent? 她为什 么缺席? Because sheis sick. 因为她病了。,此外,在强调句型中,只能用 because。例如:,(4)It was becauseI missed theearly bus that I was late for school.,我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。,2. since 侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为”、“既然”,语气比,because 稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如:,(1)Sinceheasks you, youll tell him why. 他既然问你,那就告诉他为什么吧。,(2)Sinceeveryoneis here, lets start. 既然大家都到齐了,我们就出发吧!,(3)Since I understood very little Japanese, I couldnt follow the conversation.,我日语懂得不多,因而听不懂对话。,3. as 是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,,含义与 since 相同,但语气更弱,没有 since 正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说,明结果,主从并重。例如:,(1)We all like her as sheis kind. 我们都喜欢她,因为她善良。,(2)As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了,所以没去上课。,(3)As Xiao Wang was not ready, wewent without him.,由于小王没有准备好,我们只好不带他去了。,4. for 用作连词时,与 because 相似,但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况。for 不表,示直接原因,表明附加或推断的理由,因此 for 被看作等立连词,它所引导的分句只能放在句子后,部(或单独成为一个句子),并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系,其间用逗号隔开,,且 for 不可置于句首,for 的这一用法常用在书面语中,较正式。例如:,(1)Thedays are short, for it is now December. 白天短了,因为现在已是十二月份。,(2)It must have rained, for the ground is wet. (从“地面潮湿”作出“下过雨”的推测,但地,湿并不一定是下雨所致, for 不可以换为 because。),(3)Theground is wet becauseit has rained. (“下雨”是“地上潮湿”的直接原因。),前后两个分句间有一定的因果关系时(有时很难区分是直接原因,还是推测性原因),for 与,because 可以互换使用。例如:,(4)I could not go, for / becauseI was ill. 我没能去,是因为我病了。,(5)He felt no fear, for / becausehewas abrave boy. 他没有害怕,因为他是个勇敢的男孩,(二)alone, lone, lonely 的用法区别,1、alone 的用法,alone 用作形容词,通常只是表示客观上的一个人或没有外人,而不表示寂寞或孤独等感情色,彩,并且在句中只用作表语。如:,He doesnt feel lonely when heis alone. 他一个人时不感到寂寞。,I want to be alone with Mary. 我想与玛丽单独在一起。,2、lone 的用法,lone 表示“孤单的”、“单独的”、“无伴的”等,通常只用作定语,有时可与表示类似意,义的 lonely 换用。如:,a lone house in the field 田野中的孤屋,a lone lonely traveller 无伴的旅行者,但是 lone 一般不表示“寂寞的”、“偏僻的”等义。,3、lonely 的用法,lonely 表示“寂寞的”、“孤寂的”,带有较强感情色彩,相当于 sad because onelacks friends,or companions,可用来说明人,也可用来说明 life, days, years 等; 可用作表语或定语。如:,He has been very lonely sincehis wifeleft him. 自他妻子离开他后,他一直感到很寂寞。,Thestory is about a lonely old man and his dog. 这个故事讲的是一个寂寞的老人和他的狗。,Hers is a lonely life. 她的生活很寂寞。,若不带感情色彩,只是表示“孤单的”、“没有伴侣”(without companions),则通常只用作,定语。如:,a lonely traveller 孤单的旅客,He lives a lonely life in thetree farm. 他在林场里过着孤单的生活。,有时表示“荒凉的”、“偏僻的”,用来说明地方,此时多用作定语。如:,He was taken to a lonely island. 他被带到了一个荒岛上。,Antarctica is theloneliest place on earth. 南极是地球上最偏远的地区。,(三)first 与 at first 的用法区别,1、从词性上看区别,first 可用作形容词或副词,有时还可用作代词;而 at first 作为介词短语,只起副词作用(在句,中用作状语)。如:,First class is themost expensive way to travel.,坐头等舱是最贵的旅行方式。(first 为形容词,在句中用作定语),This is the first time I have heard of such things.,这是我第一次听到这样的事。(first 为形容词,在句中用作定语),You neednt read thewhole book but you must read thefirst four chapters.,你们不必把整本书全读完,但必须读完前四章。(first 为形容词,在句中用作定语),I asked them to ring first in casewewereout.,我请他们先打电话来,以防我们不在家。(first 为副词,在句中用作状语),Shes always thefirst to arrive and the last to leave. 她总是第一个来,最后一个离开。(first 为代,词,可视为其后省略了 one, person 等之类的词),His second suggestion was not much better than his first.,他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。(first 为代词,可视为其后省略了 suggestion),At first weused hand tools. Later wehad machines.,开始我们用手工工具,后来我们有了机器。(at first 在此用作状语),2、从用法上看区别,1) first 的用法,first 用来说明顺序,意为“先”,暗示接下去还有其他动作或事件要发生,因此其后往往,接有(或暗示有) then, next, last 等词。如:,Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行动。,Ill have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业做完。,First (you) boil some water. Then (you) warm theteapot. Then (you) add three teaspoons,of tea. Next, (you) pour on boiling water. 你先烧些开水,然后把茶壶烫热,接着放三勺茶叶,,随后冲入开水,John camehome from work. First heread thepaper for awhile, then he got up from thechair and,turned on theradio. 约翰下班回家,先看一会儿报,然后从椅子上站起来,打开收音机。,2) at first 的用法,at first 的意思是“起初”“开始”,它主要用于强调前后对照,暗示接下去的动作与前面的动,作不同甚至相反,因此常有 but, afterwards, soon, at last 等相呼应。如:,At first I didnt want to go, but I soon changed my mind.,开始不想去,但我很快就改变了主意。,Thework was hard at first, but I got used to it. 起初这活儿很累,不过后来我习惯了。,At first they werevery happy, but then things started going wrong.,起初他们生活得很幸福,但后来就开始出问题了。,At first I paid little attention, but slowly my interest awoke.,起初我没怎么注意,但逐渐产生了兴趣。,3、其他几点区别,1) at first 除以上用法外,其他场合一般不用它;而first 除表示“先(然后)”外,,还可表示“最先”“第一次”“首先”等。如:,Ladies first. 女士优先。,Thats mineI saw it first. 那是我的,是我先看见的。,When did you first meet him? 你第一次见他是什么时候?,2) 有时 at first 并非固定搭配(first 后还修饰有其他词语)。如:,She was so niceagirl that hefell in love with her at first sight. 她是这样好的一个姑娘,使他一见,钟情。,She could tell at first glance to which class aman belonged. 她一眼就能看出一个人属于哪个阶,级。,3) at first 与 at last 不是一对反义词组,后者的意思是“终于”“最终”。如:,At last the truth becameknown. 最后真相大白了。,She has at last got everything ready. 她最后把一切准备好了。,At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽车来了,我已等了半小时。,柔性防水套管,柔性防水套管 坛鬻痋,
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