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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,汉英翻译之语序调整,1,例,1,：书写习惯不同而形成的语序调整。,中文地址,的排列顺序是,由大到小,，而,英文地址,则刚好相反，是,由小到大,，如：,中文地址：,上海市闵行区绿地科技岛广场,A,座,2606,室,英文地址：,Room 2606, Building A, Blue Ocean, Minhang District, Shanghai City, P.R. China,2,中文,时间,的排列顺序是,通常,由大到小,英文,时间通常,是由小到大，如：,他一九三五年八月二十二日早晨六点三十分诞生在湖南的一个小县城。,He was born in a small town of Hunan Province at six thirty on the morning of August 22, 1935.,3,例,2,：由状语的位置不同而形成的语序调整。,他,每晚,（时间）都,在图书馆,（地点）,用心,（方式）读书。,He reads,hard,（方式）,in the library,（地点）,every evening,（时间）,.,4,类似例子,大会将,于今年九月,在北京,隆重,召开。,The meeting will begin,中文：,通常排列为,时间,地点,方式,动词,的顺序；,英语：,则通常排列为,动词,方式,地点,时间,的顺序。,ceremoniously,in Beijing,the following September.,5,例,3,主语切换形成的语序调整。,中文,:,夜幕降临时，他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。,英语句子常用无生命的抽象名词（如时间、地点等）作,主语,（,非人格主语,），这种句子往往带有拟人色彩，不仅生动传神，而且言简意赅,。,汉语句子一般用人或有生命的事物或有形物体做,主语,。,因而，在进行汉英翻译时，常常要注意转换,主语,。,英文：,Nightfall,found him many miles short of his appointed preaching place.,中英，谁做主语？,6,类似例子,众所周知,中国在,2003,年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。,在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件,。,As is known to all,2003,（时间做主语）,saw the successful launching of China,s first manned spaceship.,Nanjing,（地点做主语）,witnessed many great historic events.,7,近年来俄罗斯每年对酒的消费量呈上升趋势,。,The annual,consumption,（主语）,of alcohol has seen an upward,trend in Russia in recent years,.,问题：,都有哪些非人格名词可以做拟人化主语？,8,例,4,强调句式形成的语序调整,中文：昨晚在晚会上演奏莫扎特作品的是,珍妮,。,英文：,It was,Jane,（强调谁演奏）,who played Mozart at the party last night.,中文：,珍妮昨晚在晚会上演奏的是,莫扎特的作品,。,英文：,It was,Mozart,（强调演奏作品）,that Jane played at the party last night.,9,例,5,：时间空间叙述顺序,不同,，而形成的语序调整。,他站住,转过身来,定睛一看,原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长,虽受岁月折磨而略显憔悴,但丰韵犹存。,He stopped and turned. His eyes fell on an old woman. She was,tall and shapely still, though withered by time.,10,例,5,：时间空间叙述顺序,不同,，而形成的语序调整。,他站住,转过身来,定睛一看,原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长,虽受岁月折磨而略显憔悴,但丰韵犹存。,when he stopped and turned,，,his eyes fell on an old woman, who was,tall and shapely still, though withered by time.,11,例,5,：时间空间叙述顺序,不同,，而形成的语序调整。,他站住,转过身来,定睛一看,原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长,虽受岁月折磨而略显憔悴,但丰韵犹存。,It was an old woman,tall and shapely still, though withered by time,on whom his eyes fell,when he stopped and turned.,12,类似例子,半轮晓月渐渐西沉,月光透过小床旁边一个窄窄的窗子射进来,我趁着月光穿上衣服。,（中文按空间或视角顺序叙述，流水句）,I put on my clothes,by the light of a half-moon just setting,whose rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib.,（英文逻辑性强，主次分明，追求语法外形的完整）,13,汉语,从语法外形上往往,主次不分,，常用流水句，,主要信息，次要信息,暗含在,句意,和,上下文语境,中。,英语主次分明,，,主要信息,以主谓宾或主系表的,语法主干形式突出表达出来,。再运用动词不定式，分词短语，从句，独立结构等来表达,次要信息,。,14,一个稍微复杂点的例子,。,中文：,当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事有很多说法，下面的故事就是其中之一。,英文：,The story of the discovery,of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes,， ,namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces,，,has many different versions,，,of which the following is one.,15,例,6,：,因叙事推理的方式不同而形成的语序调整,。,中文：我们于,1959,年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭受自然灾害，当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为沉重。,英文：,After we left Chinese in 1959,the natural calamities followed one another for three years. While reading it at home ,we had been dismayed .,16,例,6,：,因叙事推理的方式不同而形成的语序调整,。,中文：我们于,1959,年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭受自然灾害，当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为沉重。,英文：,We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left Chinese in 1959.,17,这些斗争和探索，每一次都在一定的历史条件下推动了中国的进步（先发生），但又一次一次地失败了（后发生）。,All the attempts ended in failure one after another,（后发生）, although they helped promote progress in China under given historical conditions,（先发生）,.,从上面的例子可以看出，英语句子对因果关系等逻辑顺序比较灵活，而汉语的词序则比较固定，通常按先,后，因,果，条件,结果的顺序排列。,18,因叙事推理的方式不同而形成的语序调整,。,中文,：,全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。,英文：,There will come a day,when people the world over,will live a happy life,under the sun of socialism.,19,英汉句子叙事、推理的顺序大部分情况是相反的。,英语句子,往往,先说个人感受，事情的结论,，、推断等，然后才叙述所发生的事情；,汉语,则,先说事，后总结,。,英语,多,句首封闭,，,句尾开放,；,汉语句子,则,句首开放,，,句尾封闭,。,20,THANKS,谢谢观赏,21,
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