chapter2商务英语专业跨文化交际第2章案例理论习题答案

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,chapter 2商务英语专业跨文化交际第2章 案例 理论 习题答案,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,A young lady,s miniskirt was accidentally torn open by a young man. Please decide where they come from according to their responses to this incident.,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,1. Before the man saying sorry, the woman bowed down and said in a tender voice:,sorry, it is all my fault. It is all the bad quality of my skirt. I am sorry for the trouble I have brought to you.,Japan,Over-courtesy and male-dominated,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,2. Before the man saying sorry, the woman gave him a name-card and said:,“,This is my lawyer,s phone number. He will talk with you about your sex harassment. See you in the court.,”,America,A place where law talks!,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,3. Before the man saying sorry, the woman covered the torn part of the skirt with a newspaper in hand and shyly said:,“,Sir, can you send me home? It is not very far from here.,”,Then the young man put his coat on the girl and called a taxi to send her home.,England,Gentle and conservative,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,4. Before the man saying sorry, the woman gurgled and put her hand on the man,s shoulder:,“,Sir, if you do not mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.,”,Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt.,France,Friendly and romantic,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,5. Before the man saying sorry, the woman flew into rage and gave the man a box on the face:,“,ni ge shao, xiang qi lao niang doufu, lao zi da si ni.,”,Then she took out a mobile phone and dialed number and a gang of people came. The whole thing developed into a riot.,Wuhan,hot and irritable,Joke appreciation for cultural diversity,6.,The man felt very embarrassed and made a sincere apology to the girl. But the beautiful girl smiled and said:,_,Thailand,Ladyboy, sheman,Dont worry, Sir. I am a man, too”.,Content,Verbal Communication,1,Oral Communication,2,Written Communication,3,1. Verbal Communication,It refers to the communication that is carried out either in oral or in written form with the use of words.(Xu, 1997),It is the transferring of thoughts between individuals via spoken or written message.(Du, 2004),What is verbal communication?,1. Verbal Communication,What factors does effective VC involve?,Logical and emotional effects,Objective and subjective factors,Message sender and receiver,Cultural factors,etc.,1. Verbal Communication,1.1 Language & Culture,1.2 Semantics in ICC,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,1. What is language?,Language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community to people.,1.1 Language & Culture,2. What is the usage of language for human beings?,Language is a means to express and exchange thoughts, concepts, knowledge and information as well as to transmit experience and knowledge.,1.1 Language & Culture,3. How is language related to culture?,Language is the carrier of culture which in turn is the content of language.,Language is part of culture. In turn, culture enriches and influences language.,1.1 Language & Culture,Hopi: 霍皮人（美国亚利桑那州东南部印第安村庄居民,）,1.2 Semantics in ICC,Case Analysis: shoes for Street Walking,It is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attract English-speaking customers:,Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.,The sign caught the attention of many English-speaking tourists, but not look at the shoes displayed in the window, but to read the sign and then break into laughter. The Italian shop owner did not realize that,“,a street walker,”,means a prostitute, while,“,to have a fit,”,does not mean to have a try, but to become suddenly and violently angry or upset. No wonder the amusement and laughter!,1.2 Semantics in ICC,Semantics is the study of the meaning of words.,Words have two major dimensions of meaning:,denotation,&,connotation,.,Denotation is the,literal,meaning or,definition,of a word.,Connotation is the,suggestive,or,associative,meaning of a word.,Culturally Loaded Words and English Language Teaching,(,Xu Guozhang, 1982),denotation,&,connotation,从事政治、关心政治，特别是以政治为,生涯的人(a person whose business,is politics),不讲原则，当面一套，背后一套，能言善辩，言而无信的人(a person who doesn,t usually keep his promises, often cheats for his own selfish purpose),politician,denotation,&,connotation,Happy, auspicious, joyous, flourishing (in Chinese),Something undesirable (in English),red,green,He got a red-eye illness.,He is green with envy.,symbol,sender,receiver,Example 1,D=D,C=C,symbol,sender,receiver,Example 2,A symbol of wisdom,as wise as an owl,A symbol of bad luck,D=D,C,C,More examples,风水，经脉，知识份子，干部，,公,&,母,Case 1: A conversation,Xie Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Xie Li: I don,t know where it went wrong!Tom: Don,t feel so bad. Cheer up; you,ve done your job.Xie Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I,ll,face the music,.Xie Li: Tom, we are not playing children,s games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom: I,ve never taken the experiment as child,s play, and I,m,playing the game,.Xie Li: You say you,re playing the game! It,s a rather important experiment!Xie Li walks out of the laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.,Analysis,Analysis,：俗语、成语等具有很强的文化内涵，经常会让非母语者产生困扰。在本案例中，谢力错解了Tom使用的两个俗语（face the music 和playing the game），导致交际失败。,Face the music:承担后果， 面对不愉快的局面,Play the game:遵守规则；按章办事,Case 2： An Introduction,“Ladies and gentlemen, Im delighted to introduce to you a very pretty girl, Miss Brown. She is an excellent teacher from the United States of America.”,“Ladies and gentlemen, Im delighted to introduce to you Doctor Mary Brown, a new teacher from the United States. She is a PhD of American literature with ten years of experience teaching English as a foreign language.”,Rephrased wording,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Case Study: Li Hongzhang,s Embarrassment,Li Hongzhang, one of the top officials in the Qing Dynasty, was invited to visit the US. He was warmly welcomed. One day, Li was hosting a banquet for the American officials in a popular restaurant. As the banquet started, according to the Chinese custom, Li stood up and said,“,I am very happy to have all of you here today. Though these dishes are coarse and not delicious and good enough to show my respect for you, I hope you will enjoy them,”,（今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵,）,Case Study: Li Hongzhang,s Embarrassment,The next day, the English version of his words was shown in the local newspaper. To his shock, the restaurant owner flew into a rage. He thought it was an insult to his restaurant and insisted that Li should show him the evidence of which dish was not well-made and which dish was not delicious. Otherwise, Li intentionally damaged the reputation of the restaurant, and he should apologize. All the fuss made Li rather embarrassed.,Case Study: Li Hongzhang,s Embarrassment,What Li said is just some formulaic polite expression and they do convey the meaning of respect. Almost all Chinese people know this and could hear that nearly everywhere. Here, the language form is different from its content, a phenomenon only found in the Eastern culture.,However, America is a country with highly valued individualism and they express themselves rather directly. They could not understand the Easterners,over-modesty, for they tend to comprehend what they hear literally, and a clash was inevitable.,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Pragmatics is the study of the effect that language has on human perception and behaviors.,Pragmatics is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication.,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,How to address people,Different perceptions of titles,How to show gratitude,Conversation topics,Being modest,More:,Greeting,Compliments and the responses,How to address people,extended system in Chinese:,警察叔叔,(Police Uncle),大姐,(sister),爷爷,(grandpa),奶奶,(grandma),阿姨,(aunt),Differences of kinship in C and E: Uncle (,叔叔,舅舅,), sister,(,姐姐,妹妹,), brother(,哥哥,弟弟,),etc.,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Different perceptions of titles,China:,Surname + Title,Other similar cultures: Japan, Korea; German, Russia, Italy; Maxico,Western countries:,Title + Surname,In political, judicial, military, and academic circles,e.g. Senator Brown,Judge Brown,Professor Brown,Doctor Brown,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Different perceptions of titles,Different perceptions of titles,Case study:,When Diplomingenieur (,工程硕士,) Hans Weiss from Austria visits Australia, he tells people his name and title. He is upset when they smile. They seem to be making fun of him.,Do you know what,s wrong?,In Australia people tend to be more egalitarian than in Austria and set little store by titles. They probably thought Mr. Weiss was being pretentious.,So Mr. Weiss should announce himself as,“,Hans Weiss,”,.,Some one should tell him not to use his title, like,“,In Australia we don,t use titles much, by the way. And you title is rather hard to understand because there,s no equivalent here,”,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Case study,A famous Chinese actress married a German. One day when she was acting, her husband was there watching, saying again and again that she was the best actress. The actress,colleagues present asked her afterwards to tell her husband not to praise his own wife like that in public. On learning this, the German wondered what he did wrong.,Once the actress and her husband were talking with their Chinese friends at a party, her husband politely praised a Chinese lady on her beauty. The lady,husband said that his wife was moderately good looking when young, but now she was old and no longer so. The lady nodded in agreement with a smile. The actress,husband was surprised.,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Analysis：,在西方国家里，家庭成员之间互相赞美是很正常的事情，被赞美者通常也会感到很愉快。但是中国人似乎很少在公共场所赞美自己的家人。在第二个例子中，西方文化里认为说自己的家人看上去很老，这样的说法是不合适的。称赞,“,你有一个漂亮的妻子,”,在西方国家里是很自然的也是被高度欣赏的，而在中国同样的赞美或许会被认为是不妥当的，尤其在年长者面前。,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,Conversation topics,Topics acceptable to both Westerners and Chinese,Hobbies,A local or national event,Holidays,Jobs,The weather,Films / books,Topics that many Westerners regard as private matters,age,money,health,Family,Marriage,Blood type,1.3 Pragmatics in ICC,2. Oral Communication,Oral presentation,informative / persuasive / goodwill presentation,steps / tips to make an effective oral presentation,2. Oral Communication,Telephone calls,(,电话铃响,),B.,喂，你找谁？,A.,请问张人杰在吗？,B.,等一会儿，我去叫他。,/,他不在。,(,电话铃响,),B. Donald Kane. / Dean,s office. / 67301760.,A. Can I speak to Jane, please?,B. Sure. Hang on.,B.,宏大计算机公司，你好。,A.,你好，请问张总在吗？,B.,在，请问您有什么事？,A.,A ringing phone is answered this way in Arab:,Receiver：,May your morning be good.,Caller:,May your morning be full of light,R:,Praise God, your voice is welcome.,C:,Welcome, welcome.,R:,How are you?,C:,Praise God.,R:,Praise God.,C:,What news? Are you well? Your family well?,R:,Praise God. How are you?,C:,All is well. All is well. Welcome. Welcome.,3. Written Communication,Business letters,the importance,Various purpose,Effective skills,收文人,发文人,正文,事由,日期,3. Written Communication,Date: December 5, 2011,Business,memos,What is it?,format,purpose,Group work,Assignment,Make a research on the following topics and give your presentation next time with the help of a ppt.,The cultural differences on,Kinship terms,Different perceptions of titles,Expressions of gratitude and compliments,Conversation topics,Make telephone calls,Animal words,Color words,Group work,Practice,Situation:,Your foreign teacher will be back to her/his hometown. Youre going to invite her to have meals with you and give her a gift.,Task:,You are asked to make a dialogue or make a performance (role play) according to the situation.,汇报结束,谢谢大家,!,请各位批评指正,