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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,3,2,1,1,Reading Skills,Text Study,Notes to the Text,Words and Expressions,Idea Sharing,Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions,As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1 and Unit 8, Book 2, it is very important to tell facts from the writers opinions during the course of,reading. Then what are,facts,? And,opinions,?,facts,what really happened; objective,(,客观的,),opinions,ideas, feelings,judgements,or belief,that you get from facts; subjective,(,主观的,),Reading Skills,What is physical exercise?,Physical exercise,is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains,physical fitness,and overall,health,and wellness,Types of exercise,Physical exercises are generally grouped into three types:,1.flexibility exercises: stretching,2.aerobic exercises: cycling, skipping rope,3anaerobic exercises: weight training,endurance,sleep disorders,insomnia,s,troke,excessive exercise,s,trength training,a,gility training,blood pressure,blood flow,c,oordination,b,alance,metabolism,oxygen uptake,平衡,血液流动,摄取氧,失眠,血压,灵敏训练,过度运动,力量训练,睡眠障碍,中风,协调,耐力,新陈代谢,bone density,circulation of blood,fracture,joints,Fatigue,heart failure,blood vessels,pulse rate,respiratory system,Inspiration,Expiration,tissues,骨密度,血液循环,骨折,关节,疲惫,心脏衰竭,血管,脉搏,呼吸系统,吸气,呼气,组织,cardiovascular system,boosts,immune system,athletic,skills,weight loss,or maintenance,childhood obesity,vigorous exercise,moderate exercise,prevent,depression,promote or maintain positive self esteem growth,hormone,warmup,beforehand,心血管系统,加强免疫系统,运动技能,儿童肥胖,剧烈运动,适度运动,抑郁,荷尔蒙,热身运动,Example 1,Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine,& Science in Sports & Exercise.,Fact or Opinion?,Of course it is a,fact,! The word “published” in the sentence shows what really happened.,Reading Skills,Example 2,If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.,Its an,opinion,! Why? Because it is expressed in an imperative sentence, which indicates an,opinion from the writer.,Fact or Opinion?,Reading Skills,The biggest difficulty in distinguishing facts from opinions,When you agree with the writers opinions, you may take those subjective things for,granted, that is, you may mistake opinions,for facts!,e.g.,Hes good-looking, smart and funny.,Fact or Opinion?,Reading Skills,Its an,opinion,! Why? Maybe you also think the same as the writer that he is good- looking, but it doesnt mean other people will accept this idea. Good-looking, smart and funny are just the,judgements,of the writer,and not necessarily the truth!,Reading Skills,Can you distinguish between,facts,and,opinions,?,Opinion?,Fact?,Reading Skills,Just as exercise strengthens the heart,and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also,power up the brain.,B. Human studies have focused primarily on,older adults and suggested that regular,exercise can improve the speed with which,the brain processes information.,Opinion!,Fact!,Reading Skills,C. This boost in reaction time after exercise,training may occur because declines,associated with getting old could actually,stem from declines in physical condition.,D. Consequently, the brains of people who,exercise may be better equipped to,tackle mental challenges.,Opinion!,Opinion!,Reading Skills,Q & A,Matching,Multiple Choice,I. Q & A,1. What are the general benefits of exercise? (Para. 1),To strengthen the heart and lungs, bones,and muscles.,2. What is another benefit of exercise according to the,author (,main idea,of the text)?,Powering up the brain. Physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.,Text Study,The experiment with,rats (,Paras,. 34),Results (Para. 4),Group 1,Group 2,Group 3,II. Matching Choice (,Paras,. 2-4),running inside an automatic wheel,in a complicated obstacle course,inactive,A greater number of brain connections,A greater density of blood vessels,Conclusions (Para. 2),Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel.,Skill-based exercise makes the brain process information better.,Text Study,III. Multiple Choice (,Paras,. 5-11),What results in the low speed of reaction of older adults?,A. Their age.,Choose the most appropriate one according to the text.,B. Their poor shape.,C. Their declining physical conditions.,Text Study,2. According to some scientists, what is the,reduction in mental function of older adults,attributed to?,A. Medicines.,B. Poor diet.,C. Neglecting to stay physically active.,D. All of the above.,Text Study,3. What is very important for brain maintenance,according to Daniel M. Landers?,A. A reading program.,B. Diet.,C. An exercise program.,D. A physical Examination.,Text Study,4. What is NOT mentioned about the reasons for,the academic advantages gained by taking part,in sports?,A. Self-confidence.,B. Stronger muscles.,C. Better mood.,D. The ability to concentrate.,Text Study,5. Why may those who exercise tackle mental,challenges better according to Pierce J.,Howard?,A. Because they have more nerve cells.,B. Because they have more brain chemicals.,C. Because they have stronger muscles.,Because they often have good sleep.,Text Study,6. What is the most beneficial form of exercise?,A. Body exercise.,B. Exercise on mind.,C. Exercise engaging both body and mind.,D. None of the above.,Text Study,Focus Study,Active Expressions,I. Active Expressions,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a,language can,2. that an effect found in rats may also,apply to humans.,3. be a penalty of neglecting to stay,physically active,4. the academicwas thought to come,from,Find out the active expressions:,the way,the manner; the means; the,methods,apply to,make practical use of,sth,.,stay +,adj.,remain in a certain state,be thought to,be regarded to,Practice,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,1.,从她花钱的,方式,，你可能会认为她很有钱。,2.,类似情况下，,适用于,一人也一定,适用于,另一人。,3,.,保持,冷静，救护车正赶过去。,4.,别人,以为,他是个钢琴师。,Translation,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Youd think she was rich, from,the way,she spends money.,What,applies to,one person must,apply to,another in similar circumstances.,3.,Stay calm, the ambulance is on the way.,4. He,was thought to,be a pianist.,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Key,II. Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,“In contrast, possessed a greater density,of blood vessels in the brain than,did,either of,the other two groups of animals,.”,than,从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时则倒装。,e.g.,I spend less than,do,nine out of ten people in,my position.,我的花费，比在我职位上十分之九的人少。,2. he says it is logical to make the inference,that an effect found in rats,may also apply to,humans.,that an effect,found in rats,= that an effect which is found in rats,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3. that regular exercise can improve the,speed,with which,the brain processes,information.,the speed with which the brain processes,information,= the brain processes information with the,speed,I still can remember the house _ which I was born.,in,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Blank Filling,4. This boost in reaction time after exercise,training may occur because declines,associated with getting old,could actually,stem from declines in physical condition.,Can you change that part into an attributive clause?,Notes to the TextFocus Study,because declines,associated with getting old,because declines that are associated with getting old,the reduction often,attributed to,5. Some scientists speculate the reduction in,mental function often,attributed to,getting,old may really be a penalty of neglecting,to stay physically active, in addition to,related factors such as medicines and,poor diet.,This complex sentence can be,plit,into several simple sentences.,Some scientists speculate ,The reduction in mental function is often,attributed to getting old.,The reduction in mental function may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay,physically active, ,a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active,= a punishment for not keeping physically active,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Study the following sentences and combine them into,one,sentence.,Can you locate the sentence in the text?,But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that,comes from burning off steam in exercise. (L46),The academic edge is gained by participating in sports.,The academic edge was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate.,The ability to concentrate comes from burning off steam in exercise.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Word Using,Chinese to English,1. strengthen,v.,to become strong or make,sth,. stronger,After the disaster, people realize that their houses need to be strengthened.,灾后，人们意识到要加固他们的住房。,I. Word Using,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Translation,Key,2. succession,n.,a number of people or things that follow one after another,a succession of failure,the succession,of the seasons,一系列,/,连续的失败,四季的接续,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Translation,派生词,successive (adj.),连续的；继承的,successor (n.),继任者,Key,3. primary,adj.,chief; main,To pass CET-4; to get the scholarship; ,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Tips,Use it,What is your primary objective this term?,3. primary,adj.,basic; original,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,e.g.,primary school,小学,primary education,初级教育,secondary education,中等,/,中学教育,tertiary education,高等教育,primary training,初步训练,primary commodity,天然产品,More matching,4. provide,v.,to supply,provide,sb,. with,sth,.,provide,sth,. for,sb,.,Sheep provide us with wool.,He works hard to provide food and clothes for his family.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Phrases,e.g.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,5. multiply,v.,to,(cause to) increase greatly in number,to,add a number to itself a particular number of times,e.g.,Using this method, you can multiply your profit in a very short time.,利用这个方法，你便可在短时间内增加利润。,What do you get if you multiply 13 by 11?,13,和,11,相乘等于多少？,6. in response to,as an answer to,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,我们应该响应号召，保护环境。,He went to open the door in response to a knock.,Translation,We should protect the environment in response to the call.,听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。,Key,7. attribute to,to believe that,sth,. was caused or done by,sb./sth,.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Terry attributes his success to hard work.,The drama is attributed to Shakespeare.,e.g.,近形词,contribute,贡献，有助于,distribute,分配，分布,8. burn off steam,to,get rid of excess energy, or work off bad,feelings,through physical activity,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,More Phrases,steam: power, energy, force,let off/work off steam,发泄精力,/,情绪,e.g.,Taking regular exercises is a good way of relaxing or letting off steam.,定期锻炼是一种放松或消除压抑的好办法。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Translation,9. equip,v.,to supply,sb./sth,. with what is needed,Key,well-equipped travelers,The room is well equipped.,We shall equip all schools with new computers next year.,明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。,装备齐全的游客,这房子装配得很好。,10. alike,adj.,similar,他对顾客一视同仁。,He treats all customers alike.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Translation,Key,Who is dressed alike with you?,Use it,II. Chinese to English,Words and ExpressionsC to E,具有积极影响,have a positive effect on,技巧,性运动,做出推断,process information,源于，来自,skill-based exercise,stem from,make an inference,处理信息,Words and ExpressionsC to E,不注意保持体育运动,参与,学业优势,表明，表示,更有能力应付挑战,neglect to stay physically active,engage in; take part in; participate in,academic edge,point to; demonstrate; imply; indicate,be better equipped to tackle challenges,Mini Presentation,Based on the studies in the text, give a mini presentation on any of the following,topics:,the benefits of exercise to the old,the benefits of exercise to the young,the relationship between exercise,and aging,Idea Sharing,Mini Presentation,To Task,To Horizon,The End of Section B,
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