专四应试技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专四应试技巧,第一项 听力,听写部分：,Dictation,听写的基本考点：拼写能力，数字的能力，单复数，时态，标点符号,长句意思的理解。,一,.,首先要特别注意听写的题目,帮助了解文章内容。,二。听第一遍的时候，最好先在草稿上写出每一句的开头,，这样的话有助你后面的听写。,语音难度：,英式和美式发音有特殊单词的情况。,clerk,英,kl:k, ,美,klk,schedule,英,edju:l,美,skdul,either,英,a,美,i,kilometer,英,kilmi:t, ,美,klmt,】,figure,英,fg,美,fj,hostess ,英,hstes,美,hosts,issue,英,sju,美,u,herbal,英,hb()l,美,bl,leisure,英,le,美,li,docile ,dousail, ,美,dsl,fertile,英,f:tal,美,f:tl,fragile,英,frdail,美,frdl,hostile,英,hstail, ,美,hstl,missile ,英,misail, ,美,msl,五大元音上英式美式的区别：,demand half ask but money card current,每天做一篇听写。, year millions of salmon swim from the ocean/ into the mouths of the rivers and then steadily out of the rivers. Passing through waters, around the rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes./ They dig up nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. / Then, exhausted by their journey, the parents salmon die. / They have,finished the task,that the nature has given them.,新闻,:,每年四月份,-,二月份新闻中文看看，关注中文的新闻格式。,一。要特别注重新闻报道的第一句话。,新闻导语,(the news lead),。新闻导语是整条新闻的高度浓缩形式，听懂了导语，也就知道了新闻的主要内容。,二。了解基本新闻词汇。,三。对数字要敏感掌握数字的不同读法。,billion(,十亿,),、,million(,百万,),、,thousand(,千,),、,hundred(,百,),1,）年号的读法：,数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说。,2000B,C,读作：,two thousand BC1558,读作：,fifteen fifty-eight1603,读作：,sixteen (hundred and) three,sixteen o three921,读作：,nine twenty-one,2,）电话号码、货币的读法：,1023one o two three,；,1227one double two,（,or two,two,）,seven,；,4.25four dollars,（,and,）,twenty-five,（,cents,）；,quarter ( = 25 cents) , dime ( = 10cents) , nickel( = 5 cents),。,3,）小数点的读法：,13.91thirteen decimal,（,point,）,nine one,；,0.23=,nought,demical,two three,；,four and one half per cent (4.5%),/,one tenth of one,per cent (0.1%),/,two tenths of one,per cent (0.2%),one half of one,per cent (0.5%),one fourth of one,per cent (0.25%),one third of one per cent (0.3% or 1/3%),1/3,读作,:,one third,; 2/7,读作,:,two sevenths,0,可以读作,zero,nought, null, nil, nothing, oh,。此外,nil,多见于体育赛事,如,: 3: 0,读作,three nil,或,three to nothing,Tips,：,1.,遇到听不懂的地方不要去想它，继续听下去。,2.,不要太在乎特殊难懂的人名及地名。,3.,听力 注意选项的迷惑，有时候,太简单的的答案一 定不会是它,。如果有,两个选项基本一样但细节不一样,，那就一定是在,这两个选项里选,了。,4.,听新闻的时候一定要,在听的时候注意选项。,要是你听到了某个选项里的有关单词，那就是它了。因为新闻不会有太多的转折，它一般是平铺直叙的。,5.,学会听长句：关键词，主要结构，理解长句的真正含义：,Eg,. Part of the pressure on lawmakers to put stronger protections in defined-contribution and savings plans comes from retiree-advocacy groups such as the American Association of Retired Persons.,第二项 完型填空,：,常见题型,1,、近义词 （,25%,）,2,、近形词（,10%,）,3,、非近义同类词（,20%,）,4,、语篇分析题（,15%,）,5,、介词题（,5%,）,6,、搭配题（,20%,）,7,、修辞题（,5%,）,详见,最新英语专业四级考试指南,P.77-82,做题步骤,：,1,、通读理解全文：,（,2-3,分钟）,首先要对全文进行通读，（,尽量不看选项,）力求理解文章内容，同时注意上下文的联系，把握全文的脉络。,要特别重视文章的第一句、首尾段和每段的首尾句，,因为它们对我们迅速把握文章主旨往往非常有用。,2,、仔细阅读，先易后难 （,8,分钟左右）,在了解文章大意的基础上，根据上下文意思与逻辑逐空试填。在选择答案时，要牢记文章的中心思想并联系前后句的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配，近义词的区别和时态、语态等。首,先选出,那些可根据上下文,确定的、直接的、明显的答案,，如,固定搭配、常见句型,等。要注意的是,有的空不是一次就可及时填好的,，可暂时留着，等看完后文答案就会明朗，有时后文还会有明显的提示，这个后文可能是下句、下段、甚至是文章的最后。,3,、再次阅读，解决难点 （,2-3,分钟）,在第二步将较有把握的空格填好后，可能会有一空或几个空一时没有把握而暂时未填。这时可在已填空格的基础上，再次阅读全文，把没有填的空填完。对于个别难度较大的题，可以凭自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择答案。,4.,复核全文，避免疏漏 （,1,分钟）,填空全部做完以后，应把短文再通读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章的前后意思,是否通顺连贯,，,情节是否合理，语法是否正确。,如果有某些地方意义含糊或矛盾，就应该根据文章的中心意思来重新考虑。从语法上，检查填空的句子是否主谓一致；时态、语态是否正确等。,完形填空解题策略一：词义与词形辨析,完形填空解题策略二,:,辨别篇章的逻辑关系,完形填空解题策略三,:,固定搭配或习惯用语,完形填空解题策略四,:,利用词汇重复出现,完形填空解题策略五,:,利用排除法排除明显干扰项,完形填空解题策略,二,.,辨别篇章的逻辑关系,对语篇的综合理解能力的测试，要求考生正确理解并判断文章的内在逻辑关系。,有时完形填空的各选项,同为,表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时,首先看,四个选项,是否词性相同,。若连词、副词混杂，,先分析原句成分是否完整，,可参考,标点符号或其他连词的存在,。,确定所需的词性后,，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。,四,.,利用词汇的重复出现,完形填空语篇中原词、近义词、反义词重复出现的现象较为常见。一般说来，,选项中出现上下文中已出现的词汇，,一般就是答案。例如：,(,原词 复现,),The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides (with) the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this _ can be modified.,A. cycle B. period C. circle D. round,同根词复现,Eg,. India or West Africa, where there is a long,81,of speaking English for general communication purposes, you should On the other hand, if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English,，,A) custom B) use,C) tradition D) habit,Eg,. These firms compete for sales. They try to learn just what the demand will be so that they can supply exactly what the consumers want. _ keeps the quality of goods from falling very low.,A. Need B. Competition,C. Demand D. Consumer,五,.,利用排除法排除明显干扰项,如果不能很有把握的选出答案，可以利用排除法，先将各项带入空白处，排除明显不符句意的选项，从而缩小选择的范围具体来讲，可以利用如下技巧：,判断,所填词,在句中充当,什么成分,，应是什么,词性,，从而排除干扰选项,利用,上下文的时态语态和语气,排除不符合要求的干扰选项,利用,名词的数,来判断各项是否符合句子要求,寻找与空白处,构成搭配的词语,，从而排除不能与其搭配的词语,将,各项带入空白处,将句子,译成汉语,，排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项,In the Middle (1)_,，,people ate and drank at inns called,auberges, which were beginning to be built (2)_ the roads, at public houses called taverns, and at cabarets in the towns. At first, taverns were allowed to serve nothing (3)_ drinks. Later they were allowed to (4)_ foods such as appetizer (which they bought from delicatessens outside, like a charcuterie or rotisserie), but they were (5)_ to employ chefs in order to serve prepared dishes. Under the influence of cabarets, (6)_, which were allowed to serve meals, taverns, too, gradually came to serve (7)_ meals, and the differences between them (8)_.,1. A. Times B. Ages,C. Periods D. Era,2. A. on B. along,C. in D. at,3. A. but B. only,C. just D. besides,4. A. serve B. service,C. provide D. offer,5. A. allowed B. forbid,C. denied D. forbidden,6. A as well as B. but,C. however D. furthermore,7. A. considerate B. substantial,C. concrete D. staple,8. A. appeared B. came by,C disappeared D. zoomed in,B,B,A,A,D,C,B,C,Passage 1,第三项 语法及词汇,*,总共,30,题，分值,15,分，时间,15,分钟,*语法题,15,道，词汇题,15,道,*语法居前，词汇居后,语法,虚拟语气,时态,与语态,主谓一致,非谓语动词,情态动词,定语从句,（,+,状语从句,+,名词性从句）,反义疑问句,专四特色短语,+,句型,专四特殊句型：,A,is to,B,what,C,is to,D:,eg,.,Water is to fish what air is to man,比较结构的特殊句型,not more than no less than etc.,than,句型,倍数表达,其他常见特殊短语,nothing but,只不过，只有,anything but,并不，根本不,such as,到如此程度以致,She is,nothing but,beautiful.,She is,anything but,beautiful.,He was,anything but,pleased when he heard this.,The more I think about him, the more reason I find for loving him,as much as,I did.,我越是想他，就越能找到我之所以那么爱他的原因。,His illness is not,such as,to cause anxiety.,他的病还没有严重到令人担心的地步。,(1)not so muchas,与其说,不如说,The chief reason for the population growth,isnt so much,a rise in birth rates,as,a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.,(2)no/not any morethan,两者一样都不,The heart is,no more,intelligent,than,the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.,事实上心脏并不比肚子聪明,因为他们都由大脑控制。,There is,no,reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,any more than,they can limit how much water you drink.,他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。,(3)no /not any lessthan,两者一样都,前不会比后不,She is,no less,beautiful,than,her sister.,(4),（,Just,）,asso.,正如,，,也,Just as,we sweep our rooms,，,so,，,we should sweep backward ideas out of our minds.,2012,语法题：主谓一致,2,题，情态动词,2,题，（,shall,的特殊用法）其他都是从句的考点,主谓一致：主谓一致是指：,1,） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。,2,） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。,3,） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，,非正式文体中,，有时依照就近一致原则，但也可依“意义一致原则”：,Neither she nor i were there,我和他当时都不在哪儿（意义一致原则）非正式,Neither she nor i was there,。（就近一致）正式,但是，如果依照就近原则，而与其他原则（意义一致原则，语法一致原则）相矛盾时，则常常认为不太合规范）,No one except his supporters agree with him.,（就近）,语法上：,No one,才是真正的主语要改,agrees,51. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?,（,2012,）,A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.,B. No one except his supporters agree with him.,C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.,D. Few students in my class are really lazy.,词汇部分：,1,）动词与介词及副词的搭配、名词与介词，形容词和介词的搭配,2,）习惯用法,3,）由同一动词构成的短语,4,）单个的动词、抽象名词、形容词和副词,5,）介词短语在句中作状语,6,）近形词，近义词的辨析,(,在,cloze,中也会考到）,7,）一词多义,Tip:,至少做十年以上的真题，因为考点往往重复。,词汇题,58. We should make a clear _ between competent and proficient for the purposes of our discussion.,（,2000,）,A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference,56. Being,colour,-blind, Sally cant make a _between red and green.,（,2001,）,A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division,63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find,a(n,) _ room in the hotels here.(2002),A. empty B. vacant,C.free,D. deserted,60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.,（,2003,）,A.empty,B.blank,C.deserted,D.vacant,57.Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.,（,2004,）,A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving,67 A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous,splendour,.,（,2006,）,A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing,80 The couple has donated a not_ amount of money to the foundation.,（,2006,）,A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable,67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.,（,2008,）,A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered,62.He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.,（,2004,）,A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion,68. The bar in the club is for the _B_ use of its members.,（,2007,）,A.extensive,B.exclusive,C.inclusive,D. comprehensive,第四项 阅读理解,常见设题点,一、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处常考,二、特殊标点处常考：,There was nothing much I wanted to eat,:,the remains of a bunch of celery, a blue-tinged heel of bread, a lemon going soft.,Ive fallen into the habits of the solitary; my meals are snatched and random.,The author didnt like the food in the refrigerator because it was NOT _.,A. fresh B. sufficient C. nutritious D. delicious,三、语义转折处常考,四、列举、举例或打比方处常考,五、因果关系处常考,六、复杂句、特殊句处常考,七、否定处常考,八、文中人物观点处常考,解题技巧,一、同义转述为解,Sending a child to school in England is a step which many parents do not find easy to take. In theory, at least,the problem is that there are very many choices to make.,Parents find choosing a school hard because_.,A. there is a limited number of choices,B. some schools are very expensive,C. some schools are government schools,D. they are faced with a variety of offers,Key:D,二。注意题目细节为解,It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries,that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.,We learn from the first paragraph _ for many years after the 13th and 14th centuries.,family names became descriptive and occupational,people in some areas still had no surnames,some people kept changing their surnames,all family names became fixed in England,Key. c,三、照抄原文信息不为解,Since the early 1930s, Swiss banks,had prided themselves on their system of banking secrecy and numbered accounts.,Swiss banks took pride in _.,the number of their accounts,withholding client information,being mysterious to the outsiders,attracting wealthy foreign clients,四、与原句内容相似但,过于绝对化,的不为解,only, everything, all, none, must, never, alone, everyone, each, entirely, absolute, any, have to, no, completely,By 2005,nearly all,college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises and relevant news articles to aid in learning.,Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?,By 2005,all,college and school study materials will turn electronic.,By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.,By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.,By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.,D,五、含有模糊性的概括词往往是解,some, sometimes, certain, someone, morethan, less,Surprisingly, no one knows how many children,receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept.,The author points out at the beginning that _.,A. every child in hospital receives some teaching,B.,not enough,is known about hospital teaching,C. hospital teaching is of poor quality,D. the special childrens hospitals are worst off,第六项 作文,结构要合理,（三段论的首尾段篇幅基本相当，首尾段要写精彩，尾段不是对首段简单地重复）,内容丰富,（论证时，理由至少有两点。避免用几句话说明一个例子。有例子的话一句话概括）,语言上，逻辑上的衔接词。句式要丰富,，多用,从句,。适当用,插入语，倒装句,。能,用词组表达,的就不用句子。避免明显的语言错误。,The bicycle,is important,for us.,The bicycle,is of importance,for us.,The bicycle,plays an important role in,our life.,The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.,The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and,cannot be parted with,a moment in our life.,英语写作中典型的病句,一 不一致（,Disagreements,）,所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等,例,When one have money ,he can do what he want to .,改成：,Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do).,二 句子不完整（,Sentence Fragments,）,例,There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on .,改为：,There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.,三 悬垂修饰语（,Dangling Modifiers,）,所谓悬垂修饰语是指,句首的短语,与,后面句子的逻辑关系,混乱不清,例如：,At the age of ten, my grandfather died.,改为：,When I was ten, my grandfather died.,例,To do well in college, good grades are essential.,句中不定式短语 “,to do well in college”,的逻辑主语不清楚改为：,To do well in college, a student needs good grades.,四 词性误用,(Misuse of Parts of Speech),“,词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等,例,None can,negative,the importance of money.,剖析：,negative,系形容词，误作动词。改为：,None can,negate,the importance of money.,五 指代不清,(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns),先后所用的代词不一致。,例,. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.,句中人称代词,we,和反身代词,yourself,指代不一致。,改为：,We can also know society by serving it ourselves.,六 不间断句子,(Run-on Sentences),流水句；溶合句；不间断句子；,缺乏连接词,或,标点符号的长句。,就是,不能用逗号,连接,两个,句意及结构都,完整的独立的句子,。,例,My car broke down, I need to buy a new one.,(,改成,：中间加句号；或逗号,+,并列连词；分号；分号,+,连接副词；或把其一变成从句句。,My car broke down. I need to buy a new one.,My car broke down; I need to buy a new one.,My car broke down, so I need to buy a new one.,My car broke down; therefore I need to buy a new one.,七 累赘,(Redundancy),言以简洁为贵。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：,eg,. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.,本句的“,the fact that he is lazy”,系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以,改为：,In spite of his laziness, Ilike him.,Eg,.,For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.,改为：,Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.,八,.,不连贯,(Incoherence),不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。,例,The fresh water,it,is the most important,things,of the earth.,剖析：,The fresh water,与逗号后的,it,不连贯。,It,与,things,在数方面不一致。,改为：,Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.,九 综合性语言错误,(Comprehensive Misusage),所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述几种错误以外，还有诸如,时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等,方面的错误。,例,1,Today, Money to everybody is very importance,ours,eat, cloth, live, go etc.,