助动词的用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/3/30,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/3/30,#,助动词的用法,授课人：杨琳,We,are,having,an English class.,I,have,seen,the film.,He,didnt,go,home last night.,We,will,fly,for Africa next month.,帮助主要动词,have,构成现在,进行时,帮助主要动词,see,构成现在,完成时,帮助主要动词,go,构成一般,过去时,帮助主要动词,fly,构成一般,将来时,Whats the,function,of the underlined words?,He,was,sent,to England.,I,would,fly to Sweden if I were a bird,.,Had,I,lived,in London, I,would,have been to,London Bridge.,Whats the,function,of the underlined words?,帮助主要动词,send,构成被动,语态,帮助主要动词构成虚拟,语气,1,助动词和其他动词一起构成时态、语气和语态。可以用作助动词的有,be,、,do,、,have,和情态动词。,帮助主要动词构成虚拟,语气,Do,you like college life?,Did,you study English before you came here?,I,do,not like him.,Do,call me tomorrow.,He,did,know that.,Whats the function of “do/did”?,构成疑问,句,构成疑问句,构成否定,句,构成强调结构,构成强调结构,助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，以及强调结构。,总结：,助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词,.,助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种,1.,助动词,be,的用法,1,）,be +,现在分词，构成进行时态,They,are having,a meeting.,他们正在开会。,English,is becoming,more and more important.,英语现在越来越重要。,2,）,be +,过去分词，构成被动语态。,The window,was broken,by Tom.,窗户是汤姆打碎的。,English,is taught,throughout the world.,世界各地都教英语。,3,）,be +,动词不定式，可表示下列内容：,a.,表示最近、未来的计划或安排。,He,is to go,to New York next week.,他下周要去纽约。,We,are to teach,the freshmen.,我们要教新生。,b.,表示命令,You,are to explain,this.,对此你要做出解,He,is to come,to the office this afternoon.,要,他今天下午来办公室。,c.,征求意见,How,am I to answer,him?,我该怎样答复他？,Who,is to go,there?,谁该去那儿呢？,d.,表示相约、商定,We,are to meet,at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.,我们明天早晨,7,点在校门口集合。,2.,助动词,have,的用法,1,）,have +,过去分词,，构成完成时态。,He,has left,for London.,他已去了伦敦。,By the end of last month, they,had finished,half of their work.,上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。,2,）,have + been +,现在分词,，构成完成进行时,I have been studying English for ten years.,我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。,3,）,have +been +,过去分词,，构成完成式被动,语态。,English has been taught in China for many years.,中国教英语已经多年。,3.,助动词,do,的用法,1,）构成一般疑问句。,Do you,want to pass the CET?,你想通过大学英语测试吗？,Did you,study German?,你们学过德语吗？,2,）,do + not,构成否定句。,I,do not,want to be criticized.,我不想挨批评,He,doesnt,like to study.,他不想学习。,In the past, many students,did not,know the importance of English.,3,） 构成否定祈使句。,Dont be,so absent-minded.,不要这么心不在焉,说明： 构成否定祈使句只用,do,，不用,did,和,does,。,4,）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。,Do come,to my birthday party.,一定来参加我的生日宴会。,I,did go,there.,我确实去那儿了。,5,）用于倒装句。,Never,did I,hear of such a thing.,我从未听说过这样的事情。,Only when we begin our college life,do we,realize the importance of English.,进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性,说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有,never,seldom, rarely, little, only, so,not only.but also,4.,助动词,shall,和,will,的用法,shall,和,will,作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。,I shall study harder at English.,我将更加努力,地学习英语。,He will go to Shanghai.,他要去上海。,说明：,现在，尤其是在口语中，,will,常用于,各,种,人称，但,shall,只用于第一,人称，如用于第,二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变,为情态动词，试比较,:,He shall come.,他必须来。,（,shall,有命令的意味。）,He will come.,他要来。,（,will,只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）,5.,助动词,should, would,的用法,1,）,should,无词义,，只是,shall,的过去形式，与,动词原形构成过去将来时，只,用于第一人称,I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should,do next week.,我昨天给他打电话，问他我下,周干什么。,比较：,What shall I do next week? I asked. “,我下周干什么？,我问道。,可以说，,shall,变成间接引语时，变成了,should,。,2,）,would,也无词义,，是,will,的过去形式，与,动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三,人称。,He said he would come.,他说他要来。,练习,1,：请在划线处填入适当的助动词。,1,We _ go to London first.,2,The modern Olympic Games _held in 1896, in Athens.,3,What _ you do if you had a billion?,4,Hope you wont have to wait as long as we _. Good luck.,5,As you can see, I _escape.,6,He has made great progress recently, and so _you.,will,were,would,did,did,have,练习,2,：,Translate the following sentences.,1.,你打电话时，我正在洗澡。,2.,孩子们被照顾得很好。,3.,我学法语已经三年了,4.,你去过长城吗,？,I,was,having a bath when you called,.,The children,are,taken good care of.,I,have,been studying French for three years.,Have,you been to the Great wall?,5.,我不知道那本小说的名字。,6.,我确实认为你该去。,7.,明年你要毕业了吗？,8.,他告诉我们他要出国学习了。,9.,下周我就要搬进新房子了。,I,do,nt know the name of that novel.,I,do,think you should go.,Will,you graduate next year?,He told us that he,would,study abroad,.,I,shall,move to the new house next week.,1. Jacks ill,，,so they _ change their plans.,A. must B. should,C. have got to D. ought to,2. If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match.,A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has,练一练,3. In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.A. has made B. have made,C. had made D. having made4. I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work.A. dont/had B. didnt/have,C. didnt/had D. dont/have,5.When,he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast. A. will rise B. shall rise,C. should rise D. would rise,巩固练习,1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we_afootballmatch.,A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas,2.Whenhewasatschool,he_earlyand,takeawalkbeforebreakfast.,A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseDwouldrise,3.Inthepast30yearsChina_great,advancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialist,construction.,A.hasmadeB.havemade,C.hadmadeD.havingmade,4.I_gotobeduntilI_finishedmywork.,A.dont/hadB.didnt/have,C.didnt/hadD.dont/have,5._youthinkhe_backbydinnertime?,A.Do/havecome B.Did/willhavecome,C.Does/willcome D.Do/willhavecome,6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe_for,thebus.,A.wasruning B.wasrunning,C.wererunning D.isrunning,7.Nosooner_hearrivedhomethanhe_,tostartonanotherjourney.,A.has/wasasked B.have/wereasked,C.had/isasked D.had/wasasked,8.“_yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.,A.ShouldB.Can C.Might D.May,9.Therearenineofthem,so_getintothecar,atthe sametime.,A.theymaynotatall B.alltheymaynot,C.theycantall D.alltheycant,10.“Wedidntseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He_it.”,A.mustntattend B.cannothaveattended,C.wouldhavenotattended,D.neednthaveattended,11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100,mph,dontyou?”,“No,officer.I_.Thiscarcantdomore,than80.”,A.didntneedtobe B.maynothavebeen,C.couldn thavebeen D.neednthavebeen,12.Hewasagoodrunnersohe_escape,from thepolice.,A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto,13.Ifthey_,ourplanwillfallflat.,A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operated,C.wontco-operateD.didntco-operate,14.Ihoped_myletter.,A.hertoanswerB.thatshewouldanswer,C.thatsheanswersD.heranswering,15.He_liveinthecountrythaninthecity.,A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetter D.wouldrather,16._toseeafilmwithustoday?,A.DidyoulikeB.Wouldyoulike,C.WillyoulikeD.Haveyouliked,17.Imsorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply_,whatIdid.,A.mustdo B.hadtodo,C.oughttohavedone D.havetodo,18.“Timeisrunningout,_?”,A.hadntwebettergotstart,B.hadntwebettergetstart,C.hadntwebettergetstarted,D.hadntwebetternotstarted,19.Noone_thattohisface.,A.daressayB.daressayingC.daresayD.daretosay,20.Thestudentsintheclassroom_nottomake,somuchnoise.,A.needB.oughtC.mustD.dare,1-5BDACD 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 CDCBD 16-20 BBCCB,谢谢！,