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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes,2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes,Voyage,s of people from England,play an important part in,spreading the English language.,At present, English is,frequently,spoken as an,official,or common language in many countries,such as,America,Singapore,Malaysia,and some,African,countries. All,based on,British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by,native,English speakers. But,actually, these Englishes have been,gradually,changing in,accent,s,spelling,s,expression,s and the,usage,of,vocabulary,.,Because of,this fact, you can,make use of,the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your,block,are from. For example, if a boss,fluently,command,s,his driver,“,Come up straight,to my,apartment,by,lift,and take some,gas,for my trucks and,cab,s,”, instead of,request,ing,“,Please come to my,flat,by,elevator,and take some,petrol,for my,lorries,and taxis,”, you can,recognize,his American,identity, while the,latter,suggest,s,that he is British.,英国人的,航海,在英语的传播中,扮演了,重要,的角色,。,目前,，英语在许多国家被作为,官方,语言或通用语言,频繁地,使用，,例如,美国、,新加波,、,马来西亚,和一些,非洲的,国家。这些国家的英语都,以,英式英语,为基础,，能很好地为以英语为,本族,语,的,人所理解。但是,实际上,，这些英语在,口音,、,拼写,、,表达,和,词汇,的,使用,方面都在,逐渐,变化。,因为,这一情况的存在，你就可以,利用,这些英语之间的区别说出你们,街区,的外国人是哪个国家来的了。例如，如果有个老板,流利地命令,他的司机：,“,Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs,（,直接,搭,电梯,到我,公寓上来,拿卡车和,出租车,的,汽油,）,”,，而不是,要求,说，,“,Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis,（请直接搭,电梯,到我,公寓,上来拿,卡车,和出租车的,汽油,）,”,，你就可以轻易地,辨认,出他的美国人,身份,，而,后者,却,暗示,着那是一位英国人。）,kinds of各种各样的;,例句There are 32 different kinds of chocolate on sale along with the bread and cakes.有32种不同的巧克力与面包和蛋糕一起出售。,1.kind指品种,说“一种”事物常用a kind of 作定语.a kind of animal一种动物,a kind of car一种小车.animal和car前不再有冠词.说“各种各样”用various kinds of animal,various kinds of animals,animals of various kinds均可.kind侧重指“品质、性质”.如：,Shes not the kind of woman to lie.她不是说谎的人.,2a kind of常可表示不确定的“某种类似”的意思.如：,I received a gift.It was a kind of plate.我收到一份礼物,是一种类似盘子的东西.,3.kind of 相当；有一些：,Im kind of hungry.,我有些饿了,voyage英vd美vd,n.旅程; 旅行，航海，航空; 远行;,vi.航行，旅行; vt.驶过，横越;,例句He aims to follow Columbuss voyage to the West Indies.,他打算重走哥伦布到达西印度群岛的航行路线。,play an important part in重要的作用; 起重要作用;,例句He play an important part in the development of the French nuclear power programme.,他在法国核动力规划的开发中起了重要的作用。,play a part in:在.起作用,.在某个里面演一个角色或起某个作用,play a role in:在中起作用 例句说明： with the development of science and technology, computers have played an important part in our daily life.,而play the part in 之在.中扮演.角色完整用法为：play the part of. in .,Oliver played the part of Hamlet in Shakespeares drama.,spread英spred美sprd,vt.展开; 伸开; （使） 传播; （使） 散布;,n.范围; 连续的一段时间;,vt.涂; 把覆盖在上(over); 把敲平; 散发（气、烟等）;,例句She spread a towel on the sand and lay on it,她在沙滩上铺了一条毛巾，躺在上面。,过去式：spread 过去分词：spread,at present英t preznt美t prznt目前，现在; 时下; 现下; 此时;,例句I dont need the dictionary at present.,我现在不需要这本字典。,frequently英fri:kwntli美frikwntl,adv.往往; 动辄; 频繁地，屡次地;,By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more frequently.,到这个时候她已经90多岁了，越来越频繁地需要帮助。,official英fl美fl,n.公务员; 行政官员; 体 裁判; 高级职员;,adj.正式的; 官方的，法定的; 公职的，公务的; 官气十足;,例句According to the official figures, over one thousand people died during the revolution,根据官方数字，1,000多人在这场革命中丧生。,common英kmn美k:mn,adj.普通的; 通俗的; 数学 公共的; 共有的;,n.普通; 法律 （对土地、水域的） 共有权; 公共用地; 平民;,例句His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway,他的名字叫汉森，在挪威是一个常见的名字。,such as英st z美st z 诸如; 像， 例如; 譬如;,for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末；such as常列举同类人或物中的几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on连用,可分开使用suchas；like表示列举,可和such as互换.例如：,1Noise,for example,is a kind of pollution举例说明,噪音就是一种污染.,2China has many big cities,such as Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen and so onChina has many such big cities a,s,Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen and so on中国有许多大城市,比如北京、上海、深圳等等.,Singapore英sgp:美sgp:,n.新加坡（东南亚国家）;,例句Singapore and South Africa have established diplomatic relations.新加坡和南非已经建立了外交关系。,Malaysia英mle美mle,马来西亚; 马来群岛;,African英frkn美frkn,adj.非洲的; 非洲人的; （非洲） 黑人的; 来自非洲的;,n.非洲人，非洲居民; （非洲） 黑人民;,The two West African states had broken off relations two years ago,这两个西非国家两年前已经中断了外交关系。,be based on英bi: best n 美bi best n以为基础;,Rapid development of the economy can only be based on science, technology and education.,经济发展得快一点，必须依靠科技和教育。,native英netv美netv,adj.本国的; 土著的; 天生的; 天真的，纯朴的;,n.当地人; 土著人; 当地产的动（植）物;,例句It was his first visit to his native country since 1948,这是自1948年以来他首次回到自己的祖国。,actually 基本词汇 英 ktuli 美 ktuli,adv. 实际上；事实上；竟然（表示惊讶）,He seems to be doing nothing, but actually he is just biding his time.,他看上去无所事事，其实却在等待良机。,Some patients actually got worse after receiving the treatment.,有些病人在接受治疗后,病情事实上反而严重了。,I actually won the lottery!我居然中奖了！,gradually英grduli美rdl,adv.逐步地，渐渐地; 按部就班地; 日趋; 冉冉;,例句Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were gradually being restored yesterday昨天，3万户家庭逐渐恢复了供电。,accent英ksent美ksnt,n.口音; 重音; 腔调; 重音符号（标在字母上）;,vt.重读; 标注重音; 集中注意力;,There is often a strong accent on material success.,经常大力强调物质成就。,He answered our questions in English but with a thick accent,他用英语回答了我们的问题，不过口音很重。,spelling英spel美spl,n.拼写; 拼法;,His spelling is very bad 他的拼写能力很差,expression英kspren美ksprn,n.表现，表示，表达; 表情，脸色，态度，腔调，声调; 数 式，符号; 词句，语句，措辞，说法;,例句Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion,笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。,usage英ju:sd美jusd, -zd,n.使用; 用法; 习惯; 惯例;,Parts of the motor wore out because of constant usage,发动机的一些部件因为经常使用而磨损了,vocabulary英vkbjlri美vkbjleri,n.（某一语言的） 词汇; （尤指外语教科书中附有释义的） 词汇表;,We read to improve our vocabularies. 我们阅读以便扩大词汇量。,because of英bikz v美bkz v因为，由于; 基于;,例句It is mainly because of my fault.这主要是由于我的过错。,1. because 是连词，其后接句子；because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。如：I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。I cant stop fighting because I have a family. I cant stop fighting because of having a family.,make use of英meik ju:z v美mek juz v,v.使用，利用; 假借; 藉; 借;,例句Not all nursery schools make use of the opportunities open to them.并不是所有的托儿所都能抓住他们面临的机会。,block英blk美bl:k,n.块; 街区; 大楼，大厦; 障碍物，阻碍;,vt.阻止; 阻塞; 限制;,例句She walked four blocks down High Street,她沿着商业大街走了4个街区。,high street英hai stri:t n.主干道; 高街（商业街）;,boss英bs美b:s,n.老板，上司; 领袖，首领;,vt.当的首领; 管理，指挥; vi.当首领; 发号施令;,例句He cannot stand his boss他无法忍受他的老板。,fluently英flu:ntl美fluntl,adv.流利地，流畅地;,例句I cant speak English fluently as I am out of practice.,我不能流利地说英语，因为我已荒疏了。,command英km:nd美kmnd,n.命令，指挥; 司令部，指挥部; 计算机 指令; 控制力;,vt.命令; 指挥，控制，命令; 应得，值得;,vi.给出命令; 命令，指令;,例句He commanded his troops to attack他命令部队发起进攻。,His command of English was excellent. 他精通英语。,come up英km p美km p,上来; 发生; 提到; 开庭;,例句Her cat came up and rubbed itself against their legs,她的猫跑上前来，在他们腿上蹭来蹭去。,straight英stret美stret,adj.直的; 连续的; 直率的; 整齐的; adv.直地; 直接地; 坦率地; 立即;,n.直线; 直线部分;,例句Keep the boat in a straight line 让船保持直线航行。,apartment英p:tmnt美p:rtmnt,n.房间; 寓所，住房; 公寓楼; （有特殊用途或专属某人的） 豪华寓所;,例句Christina has her own apartment, with her own car.,克里斯蒂娜有自己的公寓和汽车。,lift英lft美lft,vt.& vi.举起，抬起；,vt.举起； 提升； 鼓舞； 抬起,vi.消散； 升起； 耸立；,n.电梯； 举起； 起重机； 搭车,例句The Colonel lifted the,phone and dialed his superior,上校拿起电话，拨通了上司的号码。,I gave her a lift back out to her house.,我让她搭我的便车回家。,gas英gs美s,n.气体; 汽油; 矿业 瓦斯; 毒气;,vt.加油; 毒（死）; vi.加油; 放出气体; 空谈;,例句Coal is actually cheaper than gas煤实际上比煤气便宜。,cab英 kb 美 kb,n.出租车； （公共汽车、火车等的）司机室； 驾驶室； 出租马车,vi.乘出租车；,The cab pulled up and the driver jumped out. 出租车减速停下，司机跳了出来。,request英rkwest美rkwst,n.要求; 需要; 所请求的事物; 申请书;,vt.（下级对上级的） 请求; 请求得到; 索取; 邀请常接不定式或从句;,例句Mr Dennis said he had requested access to a telephone,丹尼斯先生说他已经请求使用电话。,flat英flt美flt,adj.平的; 单调的; 不景气的; 干脆的;,adv.（尤指贴着另一表面） 平直地; 断然地; 水平地; 直接地，完全地;,n.平面; 公寓; 平地;,例句Sara lives with her husband and children in a flat in central London,萨拉和丈夫还有孩子们住在伦敦中心城区的一间公寓里。,elevator英elvet(r)美lvet,n.电梯; 升降机（美）; 谷仓;,The elevator is not operating properly. 这部电梯运转不正常,petrol英petrl美ptrl,n.汽油;,例句The price of petrol is coming down by four pence a gallon.,汽油的价格每加仑降了4便士。,petrol 是英式英语用词，表示汽油。不过在美式英语中人们更多地使用gasoline或者gas来代替petrol。,美式英语中gas可以指各种气体，并不局限于可作为燃料的气体。在非正式文体中，人们经常用gas指代gasoline，可以说它是gasoline的缩写。需要特别指出，gas在英式英语中的复数形式是gases，而在美式英语中其复数是gasses。,lorry英lri美l:ri,n.运货汽车，机动卡车;,Their lorry got stuck in the mud. 他们的货车陷到泥里了。,recognize英rekgnaz美rknaz,vt.承认; 识别; 认出;,vi.承认，确认; 法律 具结，立保证书;,例句The receptionist recognized him at once接待员一眼就认出他了。,identity英adentti美adntti n.身份;,例句Abu is not his real name, but its one he uses to disguise his identity阿布不是他的真名，是他用于伪装身份的名字。,disguise英dsgaz掩盖; 化装; 隐瞒，掩饰; 伪装，假装;,latter英lt(r) 美lt,adj.后者的; 末了的; 较后的;,例句He tracked down his cousin and uncle. The latter was sick.,他追查到了堂弟和叔叔的下落，发现叔叔这时正在病中。,1,)late adj. & adv. 迟，迟的，晚的，晚期，在晚期。如：,He is never late for school. 他上学从不迟到。,The train was 10 minutes late. 火车晚点十分钟。,Its never too late to mend. 改过不为晚。,(Its)Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。,The workers in the south often go to work early and leave off late.,南下打工仔经常是早上工，晚下班。,请记住以下几种搭配：,in the late afternoon 傍晚，在下午较晚的时候,in the late 1990s/1990s 在二十世纪九十年代末,work late/far/deep into the night 工作至深夜,late in autumn 深秋,另外， late 用作形容词还可用来表示“已故的，去世不久的；前任的，不久前卸任的”。如：,the late Chairman Liu Shaoqi 前国家主席刘少奇,the late government 前任（上一届）政府,2)later adj. & adv. 为late比较级，意指较迟，较晚一些。如：,two hours later, the ship sank. 两小时后，轮船沉没了。,See you later! 再见！,要记住以下几个固定搭配：,sooner or later 迟早（early or late）,no later than不迟于,later on以后，后来。如：,The problem will be solved sooner or later.,这个问题迟早会得到解决。,Lets discuss the question later on. 让我们以后再讨论这个问题吧。,He is to arrive at no later than 10 p.m. 他最迟不过晚上十点赶到。,另外，later 还可用作状语，表示“后来”之意。如：,Later he became a general. 后来他当上了将军。,3)latter adj. 意思是指（两者中）后者的，后者，反义词是former，（两者中）前者。注意，不要把latter与late的比较级later混淆。如：,Of the two the latter is far better than the former.,两者中后者远比前者好。,Of pigs and cows, the latter (=the cows) are more valuable.,猪牛两种动物中，后者较有价值。,Did he walk or swim? The latter seems unlikely.,他走路还是游泳？后者好像不太可能。,4)latest adj. & adv. 为late的最高级。意思是最新、最近或最迟。如：,The radio is broadcasting the latest news about the man-made satellite.,电台正在播送有关人造卫星的最新消息。,A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany.,一家英国汽车公司正要在德国出售其最新型的汽车。,5)lately adv. (=recently) 最近，近来，通常用于现在完成时态，如：,The old palace has lately been rebuilt. 古老的宫殿最近得以重建。,Have you seen him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？,suggest英sdest,美sdst, sdst,vt.暗示; 建议，提议; 使想起; 启示;,1. suggest作“建议”讲时， 常用于以下三种结构:,（1）“suggest 名词”，表示“建议某事”。如:,He suggested a walk. 他建议去散散步。,They suggested an exchange of scholars. 他们建议交流学者。,（2）“suggest v-ing”（不能跟不定式），表示“建议做某事”。如:,I suggested putting the meeting off. 我建议会议延期。,He suggests visiting the Industrial Exhibition.,他提议去参观工业展览会。,（3）“suggest （that）sb. （should）do sth.， 表示“建议某人做某事”， 从句常用虚拟语气，即从句中用情态动词should， 其中 should可以省略。如:,He suggested（that）we（should）come another day.,他建议我们改天来。,The headmaster suggested（that）the work（should）be started at once. 校长建议立即动工。,注意: suggest只有一个宾语。如: 我向他提议我们早点动身去机场。,误：I suggested him that we leave early for the airport.,正：I suggested to him that we leave early for the airport.,析: 表示向某人建议某事用to sb.，,2. suggest作“建议”讲时，与suggestsuggestion有关的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句均用虚拟语气，从句中should可省略。如:,It is suggested that the work（should）be finished as soon as possible.,（主语从句）有人提议那项工作要尽早完成。,My suggestion is that you（should）not put this call through to the manager. （表语从句）我的建议是不该把这个电话接给经理。,His suggestion that we（should）go to watch the football match excited every one of us.,（同位语从句）他建议我们去看足球赛，这使每个人都很兴奋。,3. suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲时，suggest后面的宾语从句要用陈述语气， 不用虚拟语气。如:,Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她生病了。,His expression suggested he did well in the exam. 他的表情暗示他考得不错。,
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