7.英语多省略和变化,汉语多重复和补充

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,七、英语多变化、省略，汉语多重复、补充,A.,英语多省略，汉语多补充,由于英语重句法结构和多枝共干，多用长句等特点，因此，重复的往往就省略。而汉语重语义，多短句，为求得简单明了，往往更重视重复和补充。英语省略的类型很多，有名词的省略，动词的省略，有句法方面的省略，也有情景方面的省略。在并列结构中，英语往往省略前面已出现过的词语，而汉语则往往重复这些省略了的词。例如：,4,A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag,has been attached to,many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.,4,一项关于,1996,年新闻报道的调查显示，许多其他团体身上都贴上了反科学的标签，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人,都贴上了反科学的标签,。,2,It is a bowl of sweet air, a basin of greenness, and of grace, and, it would seem, of peace.,那是空气,清新,、沁人心脾的低洼之地，是绿色碧翠的,盆地,，是美不胜收的,盆地,，似乎更是和平宁静的,盆地,。,3,Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.,读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。,4,Reading maketh a full man; conference a,ready,man; and writing an exact man.,读书,使人,充实，讨论,使人,机智，笔记,使人,准确。,5,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.,读史,使人,明智，读诗,使人,灵秀，数学,使人,周密，科学,使人,深刻，伦理学,使人,庄重，逻辑修辞之学,使人,善辩。,6,. I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.,我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出了,故障,，就是引擎出,故障,，或两者都出,故障,。,7,I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others,中国的改革方式,可能,比别国的,改革方式,更富有特色、更卓有成效。,我想,大概,可能,或许,8,He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversations followed by more conversations, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.,毫无疑问，他以为会有,热烈的,拥抱，满桌的饭菜，,激动的,泪水，,欢乐的,笑声，一番又一番的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。,9,He took offense, a poke at his wife, his hat, his leave and a vocation of several years before leaving.,他发了火，,打,了老婆一拳，,取,了帽子，,出外度,假，几年不回。,10,They talked of things they longed for: of car, of piano, of cottage,他们谈到了他们所渴望的那些东西,谈到了,汽车，,谈到了,钢琴，还,谈到了,小型别墅。,11. Marketing economy is itself the,product,of long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.,市场经济本身是一个长期发展过程的,产物,，是生产方式和交换方式一系列变革的,产物,。,12. Among the four pictures, two appear to be real, others false.,在这四幅画中，有两幅看起来是真的，另外两幅,看起来则是,赝品。,2.,英语多变化，汉语多重复,熟悉英语的人都知道，英语表达相同的意思时往往变换表达方式。第一次说“我认为”可以用“,I think”,，第二次再用“,I think”,显然就很乏味，应该换成“,I believe”,、“,I imagine”,、“,I guess”,之类的表达。为了避免文章单调乏味，用英语写作时尽量避免重复，常见的方法有使用代词、同义词、近义词以及省略某些成分等。但汉语不怕重复，连续使用某个词语是常见的情况，所以英译汉时为了译文的通顺我们可以适当地重复某些必要的词语。,例如：,1. The Environmental Revolution will judged by whether it can shift the world economy into an environmentally sustainable development,path,one,that leads to greater economic security, healthier lifestyles, and a worldwide improvement in the human condition.,2. The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to,operate a tractor,. By the age of nine,，,the monkey had learned to solo,on the vehicle,.,（,R,，,Quirk,）,评价环境革命的标准就看它能否使世界的经济转变到环境上可以持续发展的,道路,上，亦即,使,经济有更大的保障，,使,生活方式更加健康，,使,全人类生活状况普遍改善的,道路,。,这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演,驾驶拖拉机了,。,tractor,和,vehicle,在句子中显然都表示“拖拉机”，英语表达上有变化，而译成汉语时使用了重复表达法。由于英语喜欢用代词，汉语喜欢用名词，这也使英语多变化、汉语多重复的特点更加突出。,3. He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life,，,risen above it,，,and despised it in others.,他讨厌,失败,，他一生中战胜过,失败,，超越过,失败,，并且藐视别人的,失败,。,4. He steps out of the way of,your hand,. And alights on the back of,it,.,它却骤然避开你的,手掌,，又飘然落在你的,手背上,。,5,：,You have all heard it repeated that,men of science,work by,means,of induction and deduction,，,that by the help of these,operations,，,they,，,in a sort of sense,，,manage to extract,from Nature,certain natural laws,，,and that out of,t,h,ese,，,by some special skill of their own,，,they build up their theories.,你们都多次听说过，,科学家,是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，而且从某种意义上来说，他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳出某些自然,规律,，然后根据这些,规律,，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。,8.,走社会主义道路,就是要逐步实现,共同富裕,。,共同富裕,的构想是这样提出的：,一部分地区,有条件先发展起来，,一部分地区,发展慢点，,先发展起来的地区,带动,后发展的地区,，最终达到共同富裕。,解决的办法之一，就是,先富起来的地区,多交点利税，支持,贫困地区,的发展。,To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step. Ourplan is as follows: where conditions permit,some areas,may develop faster than,others,;,those,that develop faster,can help promote the progress of,those,that lag behind, until,all,become prosperous. One way is for,the areas,that become prosperous first,to support,the poor,ones,by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state.,