欢迎各位领导老师莅临指导

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,欢迎各位领导老师莅临指导,1,第三单元,盐类的水解,高二化学 化学反应原理 专题3,执教者:泉州九中 杨梅香,2,思考:,酸性,碱性,?,?,?,室温 以下均为0.1摩尔/升,3,广范pH试纸的使用方法：,取一张pH试纸放在玻璃片上,用干净的玻璃棒蘸取待测液，滴在pH试纸上，然后跟标准比色卡比较。,注意:,1、 pH试纸不能用水湿润。,2、每次用完玻璃棒要用蒸馏水冲洗，并擦干。,3、读数要取整数。,4,实验现象记录,7,4,10,酸性,中性,碱性,酸性,碱性,1,13,5,H,2,O,H,+,+ OH,-,HCl NaOH如何影响水的电离平衡?,HCl=H,+,+ Cl,-,NaOH=Na,+,+OH,-,C(H,+,) 增大,平衡逆移,C( OH,-,) 减小,导致C(H,+,) C( OH,-,),C( OH-)增大,平衡逆移, C(H+)减小,导致C( OH-) C(H+),酸性,碱性,6,复习巩固,酸性： C(H,+,) C( OH,-,),中性： C(H,+,) = C( OH,-,),碱性： C(H,+,) ,C( OH-),酸性,C(H+),C( OH-),酸性,C(H+),C( OH-),碱性,3OH,-,+,Al,3,+,Al,(OH),3,H,+,+,ClO,-,H,ClO,14,2、盐类水解的,本质,：,破坏,水的电离平衡，,促进,了水的电离。,(,1)、只有,弱酸,的阴离子或,弱碱,的阳离子才能与,H,+,或,OH,-,结合生成,弱电解质。,(2)、盐类水解使水的电离平衡发生了移动，并使溶液呈,酸性,或,碱性,。,强调:,15,归纳做过实验的盐的性质,NaCl,KNO,3,NH,4,Cl,AlCl,3,CH,3,COONa,NaClO,CH,3,COOH,NaOH,HCl,NH,3,H,2,O,HCl,NaOH,HNO,3,KOH,HCl,Al(OH),3,NaOH,HClO,强碱,弱酸盐,强酸,弱碱盐,强碱,强酸盐,16,3，盐类水解的规律,：,强酸强碱盐,强酸弱碱盐,强碱弱酸盐,中性,酸性,碱性,17,练习,利用盐类水解的规律推测硫酸铵，,碳酸钠，硫酸铝溶液的酸碱性。,强碱,弱酸盐,强酸,弱碱盐,强酸,弱碱盐,酸性,碱性,酸性,18,小结本节课的内容,1、盐类水解定义：在溶液中盐电离出来的离子,跟水所电离出来的H,+,或 OH,-,结合生成弱电解,质的反应。,2、盐类水解的本质：破坏水的电离平衡促进了水的电离。,3、盐类水解的规律：,强酸强碱盐 中性; 强酸弱碱盐 酸性 ; 强碱弱酸盐 碱性,19,1）修理行业常用氯化铵（NH,4,Cl）制成的焊,药膏清除表面的铁锈，这是利用了什么原理？,2）明矾KAl（SO,4,）,2,12H,2,O的净水原理？,想一想,20,1）,如何用化学方程式表示盐类水解的过程？,2）根据实验测定,同浓度的碳酸钠溶液的碱性,强于碳酸氢钠溶液，为什么？,3）,4),CH,3,COONa, NaClO,的水溶液都呈酸性，,那么哪一者碱性更强？,思考与拓展,H,+,+,ClO,-,H,ClO,H,+,+CH,3,COO,-,CH,3,COOH,根据中和反应形成盐的酸和碱的强弱分类，,CH,3,COONH,4,属于哪一类盐？,21,作业书P80 3. 4. 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