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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4,Astronomy,：,the science of the stars ,天文学：恒星科学,基础盘点自测自评,核心单词,1. They are both,teachers.Otherwise,they are _(,不同,) .,2. There are many different _(,方法,) to solve this problem.,unlike,methods,3,We have learnt that oceans cover two thirds of the _(,表面,) of the earth.,4,He has finished his new book and it will be _(,出版,) next month.,surface,published,5,Do you think our education _(,制度,) needs improving?,6,I agree with you in _(,理论,),，,but practically I dont think we have the time to do that.,system,theory,7,Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and _(,下蛋,) their eggs in the sand.,8,I noticed her looking at me with a _(,迷惑的,) stare.,lay,puzzled,9,用,harm,的适当形式填空,(1)Air pollution will get worse and this will,be_to,people,，,for example,，,it can cause cancer.,(2)Rubbish can be changed,into_things,.,harmful,harmless,(3)Dont_your eyes by reading in the dim light.,10,Last night we had a discussion,，,which became more and,more_.Finally,we reached an agreement that we will never,use_whatever,happens.(violent,),harm,violent,violence,高频短语,1,_,及时，终于,2,_,下蛋,3,_,产生；分娩,4,_,轮到某人；接着,in time,lay eggs,give birth to,in ones turn,5,_,阻止；制止,6,_,挡住,(,光线,),7,_,感到高兴；感到振奋,8,_,既然,9,_,突发；爆发,10,_,密切注视；当心；提防,prevent.from,block out,cheer up,now that,break out,watch out,典型句式,1,what,引导的主语从句,_(,它会变成什么样,) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.,What it was to become,2,so.that.,如此,以至于,The earth became _(,如此猛烈以至于,) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.,so violent that,3,it,作形式宾语的用法,This produced a chain reaction,，,which _,(,使得生命得以发展,),made it possible for life to develop,4,英语倍数表示法,But when I tried to step forward,，,I found I was carried _(,两倍远,) on the earth and fell over.,twice as far as,主语从句,1,(2012,福建四地六校联考,)_ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.,单元语法,A,As,B,It,C,That,D,What,解析：选,D,。考查主语从句。,What,在这里引导主语从句，选,D,项。此题要注意分析句子结构，如果题目改为：,_ is known to us all,，,the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.,该句空处应用,As,，,As,引导非限制性定语从句；,_ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.,该句空处则应用,It,，,It,作形式主语。,2,(2012,河南四市联考,)_you dont like him is none of my business.,A,What B,If,C,That D,Whether,解析：选,C,。考查主语从句。,That,引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；,What,引导主语从句时充当句子成分；,If,不能引导主语从句；,Whether,引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知,C,项正确。,3,(2012,河北重点中学联考,)_surprises us most is that she doesnt even,know_the,difference between the two lies.,A,What,；,where,B,All,；,which,C,What,；,that,D,That,；,where,解析：选,A,。考查名词性从句。句意为：让我们最吃惊的是她竟然不知道两者的区别在哪儿。,“,What surprises us most”,是主语从句，,What,在从句中作主语；,“,where the difference between the two lies”,是宾语从句，,where,表示的是抽象地点。,4,(2012,福建质检,)It never occurred to humans until the mid1990s_some animals can be cloned.,A,where B,that,C,when D,what,解析：选,B,。考查名词性从句。本句中的,It,作形式主语，真正的主语是,some animals can be cloned,，根据名词性从句,“,缺什么，补什么,”,的原则,此处主语从句中不缺成分，所以只填连接词,that,，选,B,项。,5,(2012,唐山二模,)It makes his life quite,different_he,has received higher education abroad.,A,that B,which,C,what D,how,解析：选,A,。考查主语从句。本句中的,It,是形式主语，真正的主语是,“,that he has received higher education abroad”,。,考点串讲讲练互动,单词精研,1exist,vi.,存在，生存,(,教材,P,26,)They laid eggs too and,existed,on the earth for more than 140 million years.,它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。,归纳拓展,(,牛津,P,697,)They cant exist on the money hes earning.,他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。,There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.,有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。,No one knows how this world,came,_,into,_,existence,.,没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。,2puzzle,n.,谜；难题,vt,.,&,vi.,(,使,),迷惑；,(,使,),为难,(,教材,P,27,)How life began on earth is one of the biggest,puzzles,that scientists found hard to solve.,地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。,归纳拓展,辨析,puzzle/question,puzzle,令人迷惑的、难以理解或回答的问题。,question,主观提出的或需解决、决定的问题。,(,牛津,P,1616,)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.,令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。,The police are still,puzzling,_,about,/over,how the accident could have happened.,警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。,Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.,多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。,(,牛津,P,1616,)He looked,puzzled,so I repeated the question.,他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。,3pull,n.,&,vt,.,拉,(,力,),；拖；牵引力,(,教材,P,30,)As the rocket rose into the,air,we,were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the,pull,of the earths gravity.,随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。,pull down,拆毁；摧毁,pull in(,车辆,),进站停靠；靠边停靠,pull out,驶出；退出,pull through,康复；痊愈,归纳拓展,He pulled the door open and rushed out.,他拉开门，冲了出去。,(,牛津,P,1604,)The police car,signalled,to us to,pull,_,in,.,警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。,We waved as the train pulled out of the station.,火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。,The doctor told me that I would,pull,_,through,.,医生告诉我，我会康复的。,【,助记,】,跟踪训练,.,选词填空,system,；,harmful,；,exist,；,climate,；,pull,1,I consider it _ for students to play computer games.,harmful,2,As far as I know,，,they are paid hardly enough to _ on.,3,A focus and concern on _ change is entirely appropriate.,exist,climate,4,You have to enter your password before entering this _.,5,Cheer up,！,Take more exercise every day and you will _ through.,system,pull,.,单项填空,1,If we hadnt worked so hard,，,such a good situation wouldnt have _ in our factory.,A,Survived,B,lived,C,had D,existed,解析：选,D,。句意为：如果我们不努力工作的话，我们厂是不会出现这么好的形势的。,survive,表示,“,幸存,”,；,live,表示,“,生活,”,；,have,表示,“,有,”,，都不符合语意。,exist,表示,“,存在,”,，符合语意。,2,(2012,淄博模拟,)_ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.,A,It existed,B,There existed,C,There had,D,It had,解析：选,B,。句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。,There exists/existed.,有；存在；相当于,There be.,结构。,3,(2012,台州模拟,)I was lucky enough to get on the train before it _.,A,pulled on,B,pulled down,C,pulled in,D,pulled out,解析：选,D,。句意为：我很幸运在火车出站前坐上了车。,pull out,出站；,pull on,穿上；,pull down,拆毁；,pull in,进站。,短语精释,1in time,及时；终于，总有一天,(,教材,P,25,)They were in time to produce carbon,，,nitrogen,，,water,vapour,and other gases,，,which were to make the earths atmosphere.,最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,归纳拓展,on time,准时；按时,in no time,立即；马上,at a time,一次；每次,at one time,曾经；一度,at times,有时,ahead of time,提前,take ones time,别着急；慢慢来,(,朗文,P,2162,)Will you be back in time for dinner?,你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？,The kids will be leaving home,in,_,no,_,time,.,孩子们很快就要离开家了。,(,朗文,P,2162,)I should be back,in,_,time,_,to,_,watch,the show.,我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。,The company fired him for not coming to work on time.,那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。,2in ones turn,轮到某人；接着,(,教材,P,26,)Thus they have,，,in their turn,，,become the most important animals on the planet.,于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。,归纳拓展,in turn,依次，轮流；反之，反过来,by turns,轮流；交替地,take turns to do,sth,.,轮流做某事,It is ones turn to do,sth,.,轮到某人做某事,When it is in my turn,，,I am too excited to speak.,当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。,The customer praised the,manager,who,in turn praised his staff.,顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。,All theories are from practice and,in,_,turn,serve practice.,所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。,Now,it,_,is,_,your,_,turn,_,to,look after the children.,现在轮到你照看孩子了。,3prevent.from,阻止；制止,(,教材,P,26,)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,，,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.,他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。,归纳拓展,Once he has made up his mind,，,no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.,一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。,(,朗文,P,1612,)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.,守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。,Measures have been taken to,protect,_,the,_,rivers,_,from,_,being,_,polluted,.,已采取措施保护河水不受污染。,4cheer up,感到高兴；感到振奋,(,教材,P,31,)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.,我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着,(,身后的,),地球越来越小，而,(,前方的,),月球越来越大。,归纳拓展,(,牛津,P,327,)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.,给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。,I do hope she can,cheer,_,up,and accept the challenge of life bravely!,我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！,They do this in order to encourage crowds to,cheer,their sports teams.,她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。,(,朗文,P,282,)The crowd cheered their,favourite,rider (on),观众向他们最喜欢的骑士喝彩加油。,跟踪训练,.,选词填空,in time,；,cheer up,；,watch out,；,prevent.from,；,give birth to,1,_ for his temper,！,Hes not easy to deal with.,Watch out,2,Whenever Im upset,，,she always has a good idea to make me _.,3,The government has taken measures to _ the cultural relics _ being damaged.,cheer up,prevent,from,4,It was the study of history that _ the social science.,5,If you dont devote yourself to your studies,，,youll never finish them _.,gave birth to,in time,.,单项填空,1,Do you think well be _ to catch the train if we get up early?,A,in order,B,so as,C,in time D,in case,解析：选,C,。句意为：你认为如果早点起床我们能及时赶上火车吗？,in order to,与,so as to,表示目的，,in case,后接从句，用在此处不合适；,in time,及时，符合语意。,2,All possible means have been,tried,but,nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.,A,prevent B,keep,C,protect D,prefer,解析：选,A,。,prevent.(from) doing,为固定搭配，意为,“,阻止,做某事,”,。,3,(2012,大连检测,)After we finish the designing,，,the company,，,_ its turn,，,should do the constructing work.,A,in B,on,C,at D,for,解析：选,A,。句意为：我们完成设计后就该由公司来进行建设了。,in ones turn,固定搭配，意思是,“,轮到某人，接着,”,。,4,You are always sitting there watching TV._,，,lets go out for a walk,，,shall we?,OK,，,but just a,moment.The,football game is just over.,A,Take your time B,Cheer up,C,Take it easy D,Come on,解析：选,D,。考查交际用语。前半句句意为：你总是坐在那里看电视。走吧,咱们出去散散步，好吗？,come on,在此表示责备或不耐烦，意为,“,来吧,得啦,走吧,”,。,take your time,不着急；,cheer up,高兴点；,take it easy,别紧张。,1(,教材,P,31,)“.walking does need a bit of practice,now,_,that,gravity has changed.”,“,既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。,”,句型精析,【,点津,】,now that,由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时,that,可以省略。,Now that you have finished your,work,youd,better have a rest.,既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。,Now,_,(that,),the weather is fine,，,lets go for a ride.,既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。,Now you have grown up,，,you can make up your mind by yourself.,你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。,2(,教材,P,31,)But when I tried to step forward,，,I found I was carried,twice,_,as,_,far,_,as,on the earth and fell over.,而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。,【,点津,】,倍数的表达方式：,(,1,),“,A,倍数形容词或副词的比较级,than,B,”,，表示,“,A,比,B,大,(,长、高、宽等,),多少倍,”,。,(,2,),“,A,倍数,as,形容词或副词的原级,as,B,”,，表示,“,A,是,B,的多少倍,”,。,(,3,),“,A,倍数,the size/height/length/width,，,etc.,of,B,”,，表示,“,A,是,B,的多少倍,”,。,(,4,),A,倍数,what,从句。,There,are,_,five,_,times,_,more,_,books,in our library,than,in yours.,我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。,Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.,我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。,My house is twice the size of my parents,我的房子是我父母的两倍大。,The production now is,three,_,times,_,what,it was ten years ago.,现在的产量是,10,年前的,3,倍。,跟踪训练,1,(2011,高考陕西卷,)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _ the present one.,A,as three times big as,B,three times as big as,C,as big as three times,D,as big three times as,解析：选,B,。句意为：正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育馆将是目前这个体育馆的三倍。本题考查倍数的表达法。比较常见的表达倍数的句型有：,.times,as,adj,./,ad,v,.,(,原级,),as.,；,.times,adj,./,ad,v,.,(,比较级,),than.,；,.times,the length/width/.,of.,。故选择,B,项。,2,Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,，,but it cost _ his.,A,as much twice as,B,twice as much as,C,much as twice as,D,as twice much as,解析：选,B,。句意为：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但价格却是他的两倍。考查倍数句型,“,倍数词,as,原级,as.,”,。,3,Ten years ago the population of our village was _that of theirs.,A,as twice large as,B,twice as large as,C,twice as much as,D,as twice much as,解析：选,B,。句意为：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。,population,往往与,large,或,small,搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数,as,形容词原级,as.,。,4,_youve got a chance,，,you might as well make full use of it.,A,Now that,B,After,C,Although D,As soon as,解析：选,A,。句意为：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。,5,Did you return Freds call?,I didnt need,to_Ill,see him tomorrow.,A,though B,unless,C,when D,because,解析：选,D,。根据语意看，后面的句子表示,“,没有必要的原因,”,，所以用,because,。,本部分内容讲解结束,按,ESC,键退出全屏播放,
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