Chapter 6.the Seventeenth Century ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter Six,The Seventeenth Century (16031688),Historical background:,The Stuart: James first (1603 1625),his son Charles I (16251649),protectorate led by Oliver Cromwell,(16491660),Charles II, the son of Charles I,(16601665),James II, the brother of Charles II,(16651688),The first two Stuart kings had no Elizabeths ruling skills to rule the country and the conflicts between the Parliament and the bourgeoisie, between the Anglican church and the protestant emerged. Puritans felt unsatisfied with the monarchs policies and were afraid of persecution, which in part led to the founding of the settlement in the Plymouth in North American by the first English pilgrims in 1620. With the accession of Charles I relation between the parliament and the monarch became worse.,One reason,was that the monarch didnt allow free trade which the burgher class wanted so much. Another was the persecution of the Puritans.,The breaking out,of the bourgeois revolution in 1642 because the king rejected the Grand Remonstrance.,The nature of the Lord Protector,The restoration of the monarch means the return of the old king and the old church,The Glorious Revolution in 1688 and the establishment of the constitutional monarchy,Thus we can divide the literature in this chapter into two parts:,1. the literature before the civil war (1603,1642),2. the literature after the war (1649,1688),The usual aspects to define a writers style,1. his choice of words,2. his usual sentence structure,3. his habitual way of using rhetorical,devices,The literary scene from,(1603,1642),In the period from 16031642 Shakespeare still wrote and a few other lesser writers still wrote in the style of Renaissance though many famous Renaissance writers such as Sidney, Spenser, Marlowe had died by 1600. Thus the literature in the vein of Renaissance became much less exuberant and fresh compared with that in Elizabethan times and we call this period the,decline of the English Renaissance,.,The Renaissance was declining and a new literary movement was gathering its own force, a movement away from the ornamental (artificial) language, elaborate metaphors etc of the Renaissance toward plainer language.,The King James Bible of 1611:,the bible made two,contributions: it influenced the English prose for generations by its clear and concise language; in the Middle Ages only the Roman Catholic church had the rights to explain the bible and the translation of the bible was not allowed by other institutions than that. The new bible granted ordinary people access to the bible. Thus unwittingly it greatly promoted the protestant movement.,Francis Bacon (15611626),his life story and his influence over his time,his work,Of Studies,When dealing with Bacon first we can first discuss his work so that students could have a sense of the authors style and find out how the author was Shakespeares contemporary but belonged to the next period.,）,characteristics of his works:,(1),his simple sentence structure: almost all the sentences are just composed by the subject, predicate and object, no complicated sentences.,(2),the terseness of his sentences, conciseness, brevity, simplicity and forcefulness,Metaphysical school and John Donne and his work,Song,The characteristics exemplified by John Donnes,Song,:,1) The themes,2) The style,(1)Why metaphysical? Emphasis on intellectual power and complexity of thoughts,(3)Easy-to-understand language (plain language), yet not necessarily easy to understand the poem,(4) Rigid and harsh expressions,(5) Unnatural rhythm and strong lines,(6) Bold and ingenious conceits and,incongruous imagery;,(7) analogy and paradox,Cavalier school,The characteristics:,1)The theme,2)The style:,(1)shared many elements with the metaphysical school such as easy-to-understand language,(2) refined, elegant language, sweet rhythm,John Milton, the greatest Puritan Poet (16081674),1) his life story,2),Paradise Lost,a religious work,a. its literary genre: epic,b. (1)its main theme: the assertion of Gods Providence,(2) his hatred for the returned monarch,(3)his Renaissance ideal of man: the glorification of humans for their love,C. writing techniques: black verse of iambic pentameter,run-on lines,complicated sentences like Latin,allusions,John Bunyan, the chief Puritan writer of prose (16281688),1) his life story,2),The Pilgrims Progress,a religious work,a. its literary genre: prose in the form of allegory and drama,b. Theme:,its main theme,: the assertion of his religious views,subtheme,: satires at the vice and ills of the society he lived in,c. writing techniques: (1) simple and daily used expressions,(2) biblical language,(3) revealing his ideas in a direct and straightforward way,John Dryden(16311700),the dominant literary figure in the Restoration,period heavily influencing the literary trend at the time,his life story,his literary achievements: poetry, dramas and the most important of all: the literary criticism, of which the most well known is,An Essay of Dramatic Poesy,III. The after class research topic:,In what way does the 17th century literature pave the way for the literature of the next century?,