从词汇能力的培养看新课标英语的教学理念

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,从词汇能力的培养看新课标英语的教学理念,从词汇能力的培养看,新课标英语,的教学理念,一、词汇能力的定义,词汇是语言的基本构成,误解,词汇能力=词汇量,语言学习=词汇记忆,困惑,学英语最头疼的是背单词!,阅读时最怕遇到的是生词！,写作时最大的障碍是找不到词!,高考时最难解的题是完形填空!,你认为，学生在写作文时最薄弱的是什么？,A=精确度; G=语法; S=句法结构; V=词汇; CE=汉式英语; C=连贯; T=思想内容,A,G,S,V,CE,C,T,频数,6,11,14,14,4,9,1,高考题型难易度调查,讨论,词汇记忆,该记忆哪些单词？,该记忆这些单词的哪些内容？,该如何记忆这些单词？,A级词汇：正确拼写、理解词义并能够应用于语言理解和写作中；,B级词汇：猜测词义，但不一定会正确拼写和应用；,C级词汇：只能利用构词知识和上下文语境猜测它们的词义。,形式,结构,意义,用法,形似词,派生词,近义词,下义词,词语搭配,tame,lime,timeous,timeless,timely,timekeeper,timetable,moment,age,period,life,cententury,year,season,month,week,day,night,hour,minute,second,Time,elapses (goes by, pass, flies).,tell (have, make, keep),time,ahead of,time,in,time,over,time,thought,time,good (perfect, local),time,considerable(long, little, short, reasonable, precious, idle, free, leisure, spare),time,How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider as one of the most interesting of antiques.,讨论,阅读理解,How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider as one of the most interesting of antiques.,句式结构对比图,简单句,1490 (0.28),250 (0.14),并列句,581 (0.11),272 (0.15),状语从句,656 (0.12),165 (0.09),感叹句,138 (0.03),7 (0.004),一般问句,34 (0.006),6 (0.003),定语从句,21 (0.004),139 (0.075),特殊问句,8 (0.004),试题,讨论,英语写作,句长分布比较图,试题,词长分布比较图,试题,词性分布比较图,读写任务,基础写作,代 词,15.67,8.86,动 词,13.50,12.29,冠 词,4.64,8.37,形容词,6.93,9.32,名 词,9.09,25.12,介 词,9.44,12.50,连 词,5.17,5.78,副 词,3.60,1.30,试题,目标要求,知识应用,词的形式,单词学习首先从词的形式开始，重点内容包括：,单词拼写：,能够正确拼写所学过的单词，并掌握必要的读音规则,近 似 词：,能够辨析常见的形似词和同形异义词,词的构成：,掌握常用的构词法和词缀（前缀和后缀）,在语言理解中的应用,词义猜测：,在语言理解（听力/阅读）中，遇到生词时，能够根据上下文猜测词义。,意义重构：,能够借助关键词语重构句子或篇章的意义。,篇章理解：,能够应用词汇同现知识理解篇章意义。,在语言产出中的应用,词的用法：,在语言产出中能够正确使用词语，包括词汇同现和词语搭配等。,词的意义,单词学习的重点是词的意义，重点内容包括：,基本意义：,掌握所学单词的基本意义,多义性：,掌握常用词的多种意义,词义关系：,掌握常用词的同义词、反义词以及上下义词,词的用法,词的用法是指词在上下文中的正确使用，重点内容包括：,词语搭配：,理解并正确使用常用词的各种不同的搭配关系,词汇同现：,能够分析篇章中词语的同现关系,词语用法：,能够在特定上下文中正确使用所学的单词，包括结构的语法性、意义的合适性以及行文的规范性等,结论,词汇能力是语言学习中的最重要能力之一。,二、词汇能力的培养,误解,词汇能力的培养=分解的单一技能(知识)训练,困惑,投入大，但收获小。,词汇量扩大，但能力提高不明显。,讨论,材料,以语篇为单位,以话题为指导,以任务为中心,以关联为内容,结论,词汇能力的培养,形容词搭配,best, bosom, close, dear, good, great, intimate, real, special,Her best friend at school was called Anna.,Im inviting only my closest friends to the party.,Friends,形容词搭配,faithful, loyal, true,lifelong, long-standing, old,It was so relaxing to be among old friends.,动词搭配,become,They became friends after meeting on holiday.,remain, stay,We stayed friends even after we grew up and left home.,动词搭配,find, make,He finds it difficult to make friends.,Shes made friends with the little girl who lives next door.,win,He wont win any friends if he carries on talking like that.,动词搭配,have,She doesnt have many good friends.,三、对新课标英语教学的启示,1.在语篇中考查语言知识和语言技能；,2.在应用中考查语言的综合能力；,3.提供学生更大的自由发挥空间；,4.注重语言与情感文化等因素的融和。,语言单位：词句篇,语言范畴：形式结构意义,语言技能：单一技能 综合技能,语言策略：识别 理解 概括 推理产出,语言任务：无情景 情景化,语言能力的发展趋势,我们在语言学习过程中应该充分认识到：,语言能力是一个整体概念，即：它的各个组成部分（语言知识、语言技能和语言任务）之间相互联系、互相依存、缺一不可。,语言学习不是简单地记忆单词、背诵语法规则；也不只是练好听、说、读和写的技能。掌握语言的词、句、篇必须知道它们如何应用于语言技能中，语言技能必须服务于语言交际目的，即：完成特定的语言任务。,语言知识是语言能力的内核部分。学好语言首先必须具备扎实的语言基本功，也就是，具有良好的语言知识并能在语言使用中得到正确的运用。,语言的学习必须融入真实的语言情景中，强调语言产出能力的培养，即：写作（笔头产出）和口语（口头产出），同时提高篇章理解与分析的能力。,真 实 性,无情景有情景,教学方式,单一多样化,师生互动,低高,能力维度,单维度多维度,语言教学的发展趋势,Unit 1 Friendship,Warming Up,What do you do to be a good friend? Are you good to your friends? Make the following survey. Add up your score and see how many points you can get.,1.You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle. You will,A. go without your friend.,B. help your friend clean the bicycle so you can leave early.,C. plan to go another time,2.Your friend asks to borrow your favourite camera. Then he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired. You will,A. say no,B. let your friend borrow it without saying anything.,C. let your friend borrow it, but tell him/her that if the camera is broken,again, he/she will have to pay to get it repaired.,新课标英语教材,Pre-reading,1. Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you,2. What do you think a good friend should be like? List what a good friend should do and share the list with your parents.,3. Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be your friend?,4. Do you think a diary can become your friend? Why or why not?,Reading,ANNES BEST FRIEND,Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or cant understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.,Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place for over a year.,Thursday 15,1944,Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here.,For exle, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.,Yours,Anne,Comprehending,1 Join the correct parts of the sentences.,1. Anne kept a diary because A. She couldnt meet her fiends.,2. She felt very lonely because B. Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.,3. They had to hide because C. She could tell everything to it.,4. Anne named her diary Kitty because D. They were discovered.,5. They were finally caught because E. She thought it was her best friend.,2 Choose the correct answers.,1. Anne Frank and her family hid away for_.,A. over a year B. over two years,C. three years D. one year and a half,3 Answer the following questions:,1 What would you miss most if you went into hiding like Anne and her family? Explain why?,_,Learning about language,Discovering useful words and expressions,1 From Warming Up and Reading, find the words and expressions with the following meaning.,1. _believe 6. _ write down,2. _feeling disturbed 7._ suffer something,3. _ free, not tied up 8. _ with the purpose of doing something,4. _ make one become calm 9._staying close to and looking at somebody,5. _ very interested in something 10. _ as stated by somebody or something,2 Complete this passage with some of the words above and in the Warming Up.,Annes sister, Margot, was very _ that the family had to move. She found it difficult to settle and _ in the hiding place because she was _ whether they would be discovered. She knew she had to _ her parents and _ them this was necessary. At first she thought she would go _ but later she realized that it was better to _ this together.,3 Complete the following sentences, using the words from Warming Up and Reading.,1. If you are _ about somebody, you want to offer help because you are worried about him/her.,2. Was it an accident or did David do it on_?,3. From the very beginning, Paul made it clear that he would be _ in control.,4. He used to work _ even in the middle of winter.,5. _ is all the animals, plants and other things in the world that are not made by people, and all the events that are not caused by people.,6. Just the _ of more food made her feel sick.,4 Both have to and have got to can mean “it is a duty to do something”. Find the sentences that contain have to and have got to in the Warming Up and Reading.,Learning about language,Discovering useful structures,1.Look at these sentences. Can you find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?,“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. ,Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.,“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer asks us. ,The writer asked us if we think a diary can become our friend.,Annes sister asked her what she called her diary. ,“What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her,2.Please change the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct.,1.“Im going to hide from the Germans,” Anne said.,2.“I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne.,3.“I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know,” she said.,4.“I had to pack up my things very quickly,” the girl said.,5.“Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” Dad asked her.,Using Language,Reading, listening and writing,1 Lisa wrote a letter to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and told her what was upsetting her. Read the letter.,Dear Miss Wang,I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. Im getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good fiends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I didnt want to end the friendship, but I have others gossiping. What should I do?,Lisa,Using Language,Reading, listening and writing,2 Play the tape and listen to what Miss Wang says, and then answer the following questions.,1. What does Miss Wang say about their friendship?,She says that_.,2.Why does Miss Wang think it would be foolish if they end their friendship?,She thinks that _.,3.How does she explain why Lisas classmates gossip about their friendship?,She says that_.,4.What is Miss Wangs advice?,She asks Lisa to _.,3 Listen to the tape again and try to spell out the words as you hear their pronunciation.,1. Ending your friendship with this boy would be a _ thing to do.,2. But thats no _ to throw away your friendship with this boy.,3. That way you will show them that you are more _ up than they are.,Using Language,Speaking,Work in groups of four. Design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. Use the quiz in the Warming Up to help you. Here are the steps you may follow.,Step 1:,In your group, think of four situations among friends. Design four,questions accordingly with three possible answers.,Step 2:,Put the four questions together and make a questionnaire.,Step 3:,Check the questionnaire through and try it out on your own group.,Step 4:,Share your questionnaires with one or two other groups and try,each others questionnaires.,Using Language,Reading and writing,The 21st Century is a popular paper among teenagers in China. If you have any problem, you,can write to the editor and ask for advice. Here is a letter from a student.,Write your advice to Xiaodong as an editor. The following points may help you.,Make an effort to change the situation.,Start talking to people about what you both like.,Join in peoples discussion.,Show your interest in their talk.,Try to make friends with one or two classmates.,Dear editor,Im a student from Suzhou Senior High School. I have a problem. Im not very good at communicating with people. Although I really try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them. So I feel quite lonely sometimes. I do want to change this,situation, but I dont know how. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.,Xiaodong,任务型活动的结构,任务型活动由目标、输入、活动、角色、环境、输出和评估七个部分组成。,1.目标,。任务型活动的主要目标是理解和传输信息，要求学生在执行任务的过程中，有意义地运用英语。,2. 输入。,在任务型活动中，输入是指所用的视觉和听觉材料。,3. 活动,。任务型活动不是基于语言学习的技能训练，而是基于完成任务的听说读写等活动。,4. 角色,。学生是完成任务的执行者或参与者，有时也充当策划者或组织者，具有相当大的自主性。,5. 环境,。环境主要指课堂教学的组织形式，包括任务完成的方式，也包括课外活动等。,6. 输出,。在任务型活动中指的是学生在完成任务的过程中表达的意见、见解及问题的答案等。,任务型语言教学应注意的问题,1、任务目标要明确。,2、任务设计要真实。,3、任务难易要适中。,4、任务结果要评价。,教学活动 = 呈现式、训练式和交际式,语言知识 = 词、句和篇,语言技能 = 听、说、读和写,主动性：学生参与教学活动的主动性,积极性：教学活动的学生参与度,注意力：学生上课时注意力是否集中,流利度：学生语言表达的流利程度,产出：学生的语言产出,效果：评估学生语言产出的正确性,教学步骤,教学活动,语言点,学生表现,知识,技能,主动性,积极性,注意力,流利度,产出,效果,课堂教学评估表,谢 谢!,