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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词,考点归纳,will,would,用于表示意志或意愿。,will,指现在，,would,指过去,I,will,never do that again.,They said that they would help us.,表示“请求；建议”。用,would,比,will,委婉、客气些,Will,you please take a message for him?,Would,you please pass him the book,？,表示习惯性动作，译作“总是”“惯于”，,will,指现在，,would,指过去,Fish,will,die without water.,表示预料或猜想,It,would,be about ten when he left home.,表示规律性的“注定,”,用,will,People,will,die without water or air.,1.,情态动词的基本用法,情态动词,用法,例句,can/,could,表示能力,My grandma is well over eighty, but she,can,read without glasses.,表示客观可能性,Accidents,can,happen to any drunken driver.,表示请求和允许,-,Can,I have a look at your,design?,-Yes, of course you can.,表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用于否定句，疑问句和惊叹句）,What,can,he be doing at this time of night?,表示请求，口语中常用,could,代替,can,使语气更委婉。,Could,you please help me with this furniture?,may,might,表示允许、许可。否定回答时，一般要用,mustnt,，表示,“,禁止、阻止,”,May,I watch TV after,supper?,Yes,you may. /No,you mustnt.,在表示请求、允许时，,might,比,may,的语气更委婉；用,May I,.,？征询对方许可在语气上比较客气；用,Can I,.,？征询对方意见更常见,Might,I use your,telephone?,Yes,please.,May/Can,I go home now?,Yes,you may/can.,表示可能性的推测，含有,“,或许，可能,”,之意，用,might,代替,may,时，语气显得更加不肯定，用于陈述句中,It,may,be true.,She,may,come tomorrow.,He,might,have some fever.,may,用于祈使句中表示祝愿,May,you succeed,！,must,表示“必须；应该”。以,must,开头的问句，否定回答常用,neednt,或,dont have to,，肯定回答用,must,You,must,come to school on time.,表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中,You,must,be ill. I can see it from your face.,表示“非要；偏要”,They are sleeping.,Must,you play the piano at this time,？,have to,表示“必须；不得不”，强调客观需要， 有时态，人称的变化,I cant see things clearly. I,have to,wear glasses.,shall,用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见,What,shall,we do next,？,用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示,Shall,we begin our lesson?,Shall the driver wait,？,用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺和威胁,You,shall,go with me.,He shall be punished.,should,表示劝告或建议，作“应该”讲,We,should,be strict with ourselves.,表示推测，译作“可能”或“应该”,They,should,have arrived by two oclock.,用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气,I,should,advise you not to do that.,You are mistaken, I,should,say.,用在,if,条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能,Ask Tom to ring me up if you,should,see him.,Why/,how+should,结构，表示意外，惊异，译作“竟会”,Why,should,you be so late today,？,need,表示,“,需要；必要,”,，用于否定句、疑问句中，只有现在时，其他时态用,have to,的相应形式代替,You,neednt,ask him the question.,Need,I finish the work before ten,?,dare,表示,“,敢；敢于,”,，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句,(I dare say,除外,),Dare,you go alone there?,The boy,darent,say so before the teacher.,How,dare,he do such a thing,？,ought to,表示,“,应该,”,You,ought to,take care of him.,表示推测,He,ought to,be home by now.,used to,表示过去常常,(,现在已经不再,),There used to be a temple here.,had better,表示,“,最好,”,You had better finish it now.,注意：,could, should, might,不一定与过去时间,有关,而是表示可能性弱于与其相应的,现在时形式,;,should/ought to,表示推测时,表示确定或,可能性大的合乎理想的情况或结果。,need,和,dare,用作实义动词时,有词形变化,变成否定句、疑问句时,要加助动词。,You dont need to do it yourself.,We should dare to give our own opinion.,2.,表示推测的情态动词的层次比较,情态动词的“推测”功能。如：,can,，,could,，,may,，,might,，,must,皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：,(1),注意语气。语气较强用,must, cannot,，,couldnt;,语气较弱用,may,，,might,或,can,，,could; (2),注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用,may,，,might,，,must;,在否定句、疑问句中常用,can,，,could; (3),注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成体”结构。,3.,情态动词,+ have done,must have done,表示对过去情况的肯定推测。,may / might have done,表示过去可能发生过某事。,could have done,表示过去可能发生，但并未发生，含,有埋怨或训斥之意；也可表示对过去可能发生的事情,的一种推测。,should / ought to have done,表示过去本该做（某事）,而事实上未做；,should not / ought not to have done,表,示过去本不该做（某事）但事实上却做了，含有批 评、责备之意。,need have done,表示过去本来有必要去做（某事），,但事实上没有做；,need not have done,表示过去本来,没有必要做（某事），但事实上却做了。,4.,考查情态动词的特殊用法,(1) cannot/cant,与,too/over/enough/perfectly/,sufficiently,等词连用，意为“越,越,”“,无,论怎样,，,也不为过”“决不,会,，,够,(,过,)”,。,(2) cannot wait to do,sth,意为“急于做某事”。,(3) “may/might well,动词原形”意为“理应，有足,够的理由”； “,may/might as well,动词原形”,意为“还不如，不妨，还是,的好”。,(4) must,意为“偏要，硬要”；,can,用在肯定句中，,可以表示客观上的可能性；,shall,用在法律、,条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；,should,表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可,能，该，估计，按理应当”；,will,可以表示习,惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。,(5) can/could,与,be able to,辨析,时态区别,情态动词,can,只有两种时态形式,现在式,can,和过去式,could,而,be able to,有多种时态形式。,语境结果区别,could,可以表示过去的能力, was/were able to,表示经过一番努力后取得了成功,相当于,manage to do,或,succeed in doing,而,could,没有这个含义。,真题再现,1. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept,well last night.,Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. (2013,四川高,考,),A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词的用法。句意,:,你的眼为什么那么红,?,昨晚你肯定没睡好。,是的,我熬夜写一篇报道了。,A,项,cant have done,表示对过去的否定推测,; B,项表示“禁止,不允许”,不能用于推测,; C,项,neednt have done,表示本不需要做某事,(,但做了,); D,项不能用于对过去的推测。,2. It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the,problem in the exercise because you know a lot,of words. (2013,安徽高考,),A. may B. couldnt,C. should D. neednt,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词。句意,:,根本不可能是词汇造成了你练习中的问题,因为你掌握了许多单词。根据句意可知本题考查的是对现在的否定推测,故选,B,。,may“,可能”,; should“,应该”,; neednt“,不需要”。,3. Since nobody gave him any help, he _,have done the research on his own. (2013,新课,标全国卷,),A. can B. must C. wouldD. need,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词表示推测。句意,:,因为没有人帮助他,他一定独自完成了这项研究。,can,表示推测时,常用于否定句和疑问句,用于肯定句时,表示理论上对客观情况的推测,; must,表示推测时,只能用于肯定句,推测的可能性很大,可译为“一定”,; would,常用于虚拟,不用于推测,; need,表示推测时,常用于否定句。由此可知选,B,。,4. What are you doing this Saturday?,Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling,Stones concert. (2013,重庆高考,),A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词。句意,: ,你这个周六要干什么,? ,不太确定。我可能去滚石乐队的音乐会。由“不太确定”可以判断应该选择可能性不是很大的情态动词,might,故选,D; A,项表示“必定,必然”,; B,项为“,will”,的过去式,往往表示意愿或请求,; C,项表示“应该”。,5. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he,got on such a hunt for an idea until he had,caught it. (2013,湖南高考,),A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mustnt,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词。句意,:,当他正寻找一个主意的时候,尽管他试图入睡,但是他就是无法睡着,直到把主意想出来。,could,表能力,意为“能够,可以”, couldn,t,是其否定形式。,6. When I was a child, I _ watch TV,whenever I wanted to. (2013,江西高考,),A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查情态动词。句意,:,当我是一个孩子的时候,无论什么时候想看电视都可以。,could,在此表示“可以”。,7. No one _ be more generous, he,has a heart of gold. (2013,天津高考,),A. could B. mustC. dare D. need,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词。句意,:,没有人能比他更慷慨大方,他拥有一颗金子般,(,高尚,),的心灵。,could,可能,; must,必须,一定,(,表示非常肯定的猜测,不用于否定句,); dare,敢,; need,需要。根据句意选,A,。,8. Harry is feeling uncomfortable.,He _ too much at the party last night.,(2013,辽宁高考,),A. could drink B. should drink,C. would have drunk D. must have drunk,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查情态动词的用法。句意,: Harry,感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝了太多的酒。根据句意是对发生在过去的情况的推测,用,must have done,。,9. The children _ lost in the woods;,otherwise, they would have been at the,lakeside camp as scheduled. (2013,陕西高考,),A. must have got B. must get,C. should have got,D. should get,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查情态动词。句意,:,孩子们一定在森林里迷路了,;,否则他们会按照预定时间来到湖边营地的。根据后半句“,would have been”,可知是对过去事情的虚拟, must have done,表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,根据句意,应选,A,。,10. The door _ open, no matter how hard,she pushed. (2013,新课标全国卷,),A. shouldnt B. couldnt,C. wouldnt,D. mightnt,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查情态动词。句意,:,不管她怎么用力推,门总是打不开。,shouldn,t,不应该,; couldn,t,主观的不能,; wouldn,t,不肯,不可能,总是不,; mightn,t,可能不。,巩固练习,1. As good friends, you _ us about your,trouble earlier. If so, all of us could have given,you a hand.,A. should tell B. might tell,C. might have told D. should have told,2. According to school rules, all the students,_ do sports for at least one hour every day,during school time.,A. might B. shall,C. may D. need,D,B,3. Considering the increasing price of foreign milk,powder, you _ as well choose good ones,made in China.,A. may B. should,C. will D. would,4. Mr. Wang, can I ask for three days leave?,You know we are very busy these days. But if,you _, ask somebody to do your job.,A. should B. could,C. must D. need,A,C,5. I have something important to tell John.,But I cant find him.,His cell phone is here, so he _ have gone,too far.,A. mustnt B. neednt,C. wouldnt D. cant,6. Those smokers must be aware of the harm,that secondary smoking _ cause to people,around them.,A. may B. must,C. should D. need,D,A,7. What our children like to have, such as potato,chips and cola, is not what they _ eat.,A. might B. could,C. should D. would,8. It was stupid of you to jump out of a car before,it stopped completely. You _ yourself badly.,A. must have hurt B. might have hurt,C. must hurt D. might hurt,C,B,9. Its strange that such near,neighbours,_,not know one another.,A. must B. can,C. should D. will,10. I saw Wang Lei in the busy street,yesterday, but he didnt talk to me.,It _ be him. He is in Australia.,A. neednt B. mustnt,C. cant D. wont,C,C,11. Artistic people can be very difficult to get,on with sometimes.,Well, you _ know you married one.,A. can B. might,C. need D. should,12. You _ be so upset about the result. Keep,working hard and you will do better next time.,A. neednt B. mustnt,C. cant D. wont,D,A,
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