英语句子成分及五种基本句型课件

单击鼠标编辑标题文的格式,单击鼠标编辑大纲正文格式,第二个大纲级,第三个大纲级,第四个大纲级,第五个大纲级,第六个大纲级,第七个大纲级,第八个大纲级,第九个大纲级,*,单击鼠标编辑标题文的格式,单击鼠标编辑大纲正文格式,第二个大纲级,第三个大纲级,第四个大纲级,第五个大纲级,第六个大纲级,第七个大纲级,第八个大纲级,第九个大纲级,*,单击鼠标编辑标题文的格式,单击鼠标编辑大纲正文格式,第二个大纲级,第三个大纲级,第四个大纲级,第五个大纲级,第六个大纲级,第七个大纲级,第八个大纲级,第九个大纲级,*,句子成分与五种基本句型,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。,汉语里一般的句子成分有六种：,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。,英语的基本成分有七种：,主语（,subject,）,谓语（,predicate,）,表语（,predicative,）,宾语（,object,）,定语（,attribute,）,状语,(,adverbial,),补语（,complement,）,句子成分,七种句子基本成分：,I saw a tall boy take your,book just now.,主,谓,宾,定,补,状,主+谓,主+系+表,主+谓+宾,五种基本句型：,1,2,3,4,5,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,什么是主语？,1,）,主语,：,是一个句子的老大。,是,一句,的主体，,是在句中说明全句中心的部分,。,常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当,担任。一般,放于句,首。,如：,Students,study.,They,are good friends.,To see,is to believe.,动词不定式,什么可以作主语？,名词,代词,数词,Shanghai,is in the east of China.,Tom,works very hard.,I,bought a new book.,That,is a picture of our school.,Who,knows the answer?,Three,plus four is seven.,The first,is the best.,To see,is to believe.,It is important,to learn English.,Smoking,is harmful to the health.,The old,should be respected.,The disabled,will receive more money.,What he said,is not true.,How to finish the work,is a problem.,动名词,名词化的形容词,主语从句及复合结构,什么可以作主语？,什么是谓语？,谓语,：,说明主语做了什么，是什么，怎么样 。,说明主语的动作、状态和特征。,通常由动词的各种形式来充当,，,并且和主语,在人称和数上保持一致，一般放在主语之后,.,We study English.,The little girl dances well.,He laughed at his classmates.,She looks well.,什么可以作谓语？,不及物动词 vi,及物动词 vt,We love China.,We have finished reading this book.,He can speak English.,My mother usually gets up early.,The boy often plays in his yard.,She seems tired.,系动词,谓语的正确表现形式:,掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:,1) 人称和数的变化 如:,I work in a,big,company,.,He works in,a,big,company,.,2) 时态变化 如:,I usually,get,up at six .,I,am getting,up now .,I,got,up at five yesterday .,I,will get,up at seven tomorrow .,I,have,already,got,up .,I,was getting,up when he came in .,I,had got,up when he came to my house .,3) 语态变化 如:,The children carried school bags . ( 主动语态 ),School bags were carried by the children . ( 被动语态),谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.,谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,，,随着时间的不同而变化,，,随着与主语的不同关系,( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,，,总之,时时在变.,谓语有三种不同的形式:,1) 动词,They,planted,many trees on the hill .,2) 情态动词 + 动词 You,must stay,at home .,3) 系动词+ 表语,The report,is very interesting,.,小结,注意：,在每一个正确的句子中都必须存在,“,谓语,”,部分。,基本句型1：主+谓,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达,完整的意思。,这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、,状语从句等。,The sun was shining.,太阳在照耀着。,2. Who cares?,管它呢？,3. What he said does not matter.,他所讲的没有什么关系。,4. They talked for half an hour.,他们谈了半个小时。,世界每天都在改变。,她的舞跳得很好。,月亮升起了。,例句,A,例句,B,例句,C,基本句型1：主+谓,例句D,这支笔书写流利。,系动词:be动词+其它含有特殊意义的动词,表变化,表存在,feel smell taste sound look seem,appear,表感官,become get grow turn,keep stay remain,表语：说明主语是什么，或者怎么样。,表语由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当,表语位于系动词后面,She is happy.,They are at home now.,My job is to teach English.,Seeing is believing.,什么是表语？,什么可以作表语？,His father is a teacher.,This book is mine.,The leaves turn yellow in autumn.,The teacher was satisfied with your work.,They are at home now.,My job is to teach English.,Seeing is believing.,名词,代词,形容词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,基本句型2：主+系+表,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.,这是本英汉辞典。,2. The dinner smells good.,午餐的气味很好。,3. Everything looks different.,一切看来都不同了。,4. He is growing tall and strong.,他长得又高又壮,5. The trouble is that they are short of money.,麻烦的是他们缺少钱。,There be,结构：,There be,表示存在有。这里的,there,没有实际意义，不可与副词,there,那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物,试比较：,There is a boy there.,（那儿有一个男孩。）,（前一个,there,无实意，后一个,there,为副词那里。 ）,明天是他的生日。,他显得有些疲惫。,这个消息听起来很好。,例句,A,例句,B,例句,C,基本句型2：主+系+表,例句D,树叶在春天会变绿。,提醒,下列常见,“It.”,句型也属于第二基本句型。,(1)It is,n,./,adj,.,+,to do,sth,.,(2)It is,adj,./,n,.,for,sb.to,do,sth,.,1. 每天大声的朗读（read aloud）是很重要的。,2. 跟你聊天真是一场噩梦(nightmare)。,练习：句子结构分析,划分下列句子的成分，并指出它们分别属于哪种基本句型。,A mooncake is a delicious and round cake.,There are many different kinds of mooncakes.,It is a good habit to do morning exercises.,It is difficult for him to give up smoking.,Trees turn green,in,spring.,He sat there,quietly,.,The apples tasted sweet.,The sun rises in the east.,什么是宾语？,宾语,宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果, 是动作的承受者.,宾语由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当,宾语常用于及物动词之后, 称为动词宾语.,介词后面的名词或代词, 称为介词宾语.,We love China.,She plays the piano.,He often helps me.,We have finished reading this book.,什么可以作宾语？,I like,fruits,.,Everybody,know,s her.,-How many chairs do you want?,-I want four.,We should help the old and the injured.,名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词,宾语从句及复合宾语,Id like to have some coffee.,I enjoy working with you.,I think you are right.,I really dont know what to do next.,思考：,一个句子中若可以存在宾语，其谓语动词应该具备什么特点呢？,什么可以作宾语？,基本句型,3,：主+谓,+,宾,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是,主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。,这类动词叫做及物动词。,1. Who knows the answer?,谁知道答案？,2. She smiled her thanks.,她微笑表示感谢。,3. He has refused to help them.,他拒绝帮他们。,4. He enjoys reading.,他喜欢看书。,5. He said Good morning.,他说：,早上好！,6. He admits that he made a mistake.,他承认犯了错误。,他时常弹吉他。,我想喝杯茶。,例句,A,例句,B,例句,C,基本句型,3,：主+谓,+,宾,例句D,我不知道什么时候离开这儿。,我承认伤害了你。,Tip 1,某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语，如：,attempt,，,decide,，,expect,，,hope,，,learn,，,need,，,pretend,，,promise,，,refuse,，,want,，,wish,等,1. 他试图自己做一顿饭(meal)。,2. 他承诺会把真相告诉我。,3. 她拒绝和Lucy握手。,Tip 2,某些特定的动词习惯于用wh-开头的复合结构作为其宾语，,如：,ask,，,consider,，,decide,，,find out,，,forget,，,know,，,learn,，,remember,，,see,，,tell,，,wonder,等。,1. 我们在考虑明天去哪里。,2. 我想知道接下来该做什么。,Tip 3,某些特定的动词习惯于用动名词其宾语，,如：,admit,，,avoid,，,enjoy,，,finish,，,forbid,，,mind,，,risk,，,give up,，,cant help,，,look forward to,等。,1. 在那时，我们忍不住笑了。,2. 我期待着下周与你共进晚餐。,3. 你是否介意我坐在你的旁边？,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：,give,，,pass,，,bring,，,show,。,这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。,一般的顺序为：,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,如：,Give me a cup of tea, please.,强调间接宾语,顺序为：,动词,+,直接宾语,+,介词,+,间接宾语,如：,Show this house to,Mr.Smith,.,基本句型,4,： 主谓间宾直宾,她给自己定了一套新衣裳。,他给你带来了一本字典。,例句,A,例句,B,例句,C,例句D,他对她什么都不拒绝。,我告诉他汽车晚点了。,基本句型,4,：主谓间宾,(,多指人,),直宾,(,多指物,),在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，,还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思,它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用,宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。,宾语补足语可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，,不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,Leave the door,open,.,Make yourself,at home,.,I saw him,enter,the hall.,The boss keeps them,working,all day.,I heard my name,called,.,什么是宾语补足语？,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,基本句型,5,： 主谓宾宾补,战争使他成为一名勇敢的战士,.,新方法使这项工作变得轻松,.,例句,A,例句,B,例句,C,例句D,老师让学生们关上窗户,.,他们把门漆成绿色,.,基本句型,5,： 主谓宾宾补,例句,D,例句,E,I saw a cat running across the road.,例句,F,例句,G,They found the house deserted.,They appointed him manager.,常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了,基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（,modifier,）而加以扩大。,这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），,也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。,我们称之为：,定语、状语,定语,:,对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,.,形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。,若修饰,some, any, every, no,构成的复合不定代词时，如：,something,、,nothing,或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。,The,black,bike is mine.,They made,paper,flowers.,The boy,in the room,is Jack.,I have something,to do,.,It is a,swimming,pool.,The pen,bought by her,is made in China.,什么是定语？,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,状语在句子中的位置很灵活：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首,.,He did it,carefully.,Without his help, we couldnt work it out.,I was born,on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi,.,He is writing,with a pen,.,To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.,什么是状语？,