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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Questions,1. When does American Romanticism begin to flourish?,2. Who is the first important American writer? And what is his representative work?,3. Is he a real American writer?,4. Who is the first American novelist?,5. When did American Romanticism culminate?,6. What has,Nature,been called?,7. And what has,The American Scholar,been rightly regarded?,8. Is American Romanticism the formative period of indigenous American literature?,9. Among the American Romantics, who drew from Emersons doctrine? And who reacted against his doctrine?,10. Who were “New England poets”?,11. Who was for a long time perhaps the most controversial and the most misunderstood of American writers?,霍桑,Nathaniel Hawthorne,(1804 - 1864),What do you know about Nathaniel Hawthorne ?,Nathaniel Hawthorne,霍桑,(1804 - 1864),1. American novelist and short story writer, most famous for his novel,The Scarlet Letter.,2.Combined the American romanticism with puritan,moralism,3.Pioneering psychological novelist (,早期心理小说家,4.He didnt agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature.,5.Anti-transcendental works from Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the,Dark Romanticism,（阴郁浪漫主义、黑色浪漫主义,) of literature popular during this time.,His life,(1),1,Born in Salem, Mass. in 1804;,2,Went to,Bowdoin,College,(,鲍登学院,), being friends of,Longfellow,and,Franklin Pierce,in 1821;,3,Lived in solitude and seclusion from 1825 to 1837 (read widely, acquainted with local history, and practice writing:,1st tale in 1828;,Twice-Told Tales,in 1837,),His life,(2),4,Worked as the Custom Officer in Boston for a while; later survey of the port of Salem;,（,1839-1849,）,5. 1841-42,，,took part in the Transcendental community experiment in Brook Farm-distasteful,5,Gathered his materials by observing and listening to others and wrote his immortal works:,Mosses from an Old Manse,in 1846;,The Scarlet Letter,in 1850;,The House of the Seven Gables,in 1851;,The,Blithedale,Romance,in 1852;,The Marble Faun,in 1860.,6,Consul in Liverpool, England from,18531857;,7,Later traveled in Italy,8,Died in 1864;,Salem Custom-House where Hawthorne worked,Sleepy Hollow Cemetry in Concord, Massechussetts,Statue in Salem,Massechussetts,Major works,Fiction,Fanshawe,范肖,(1828),The,Blithedale,Romance,福谷传奇,(1852),The House of Seven Gables,带有,七个尖角阁的房子,(1851),The Marble Faun,大理石雕像,(1860),The Scarlet Letter,(1850),Short stories,Twice-Told Tales ,故事新编,（,1837,）,Mosses from an Old Manse ,古屋青苔,(,1846),Earths Holocaust ,大地的燔祭,Young Goodman Brown ,年青的布朗先生,The Ministers Black Veil ,教长的黑面纱,The Birthmark ,胎记,Rappaccinis,Daughter ,拉伯西尼医生的女儿,Hawthornes points of view and subject,(1),He seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil all his life. He had a,black vision,of life and human beings. In almost every book he wrote, he discussed,sin and evil,.,b,. To Hawthorne,sin will get punished,.,He believed that sin and evil educate.,d,. One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.,Hawthornes art,He is good at exploring of the,complexity of,human psychology,. He was anatomist of the interior of the heart.,(2),One salient feature of his art is his,ambiguity,.,（复义性）,(3),The use of the,supernatural (,神秘力量,),can be seen as a hallmark of his art.,He is a master of,symbolism,.,Literary historian A. H. Quinn perceptively states that Hawthorne is at his best when dealing with,sin, the supernatural, and New England past,Hawthornes influence,He was a major American writer now and the greatest writer living in the 19th century. He was regarded as,a pioneer of psychological novel,and,a master of symbolism,. With the publication of,The Scarlet Letter, he secured his position in the literary history forever, and he influenced many writers in his time and later generations, such as Herman Melville, Henry James, William Dean Howells and,William Faulkner etc.,Assignment,Read,The Ministers Black Veil,and discuss the questions on it.,
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