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,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Unit 4,Why People Work?,Warm-up Questions,1.What job do you want to do after graduation?,2. How do you define “a good job”?,What are the things you will consider in choosing a career?,3. Why do we need to work?,Is,MONEY,the,NUMBER ONE,reason for working ! ! ! ?,Whats your opinion?,文库专用,4,The author,s opinion on work,Go over the first five paragraphs of the text and find the topic sentence of each paragraph.,文库专用,5,Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.,B. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.,文库专用,6,C. Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one,s potential.,D. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health.,E. Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?,Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. And work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity,。,Now lets see how some epals view this issue,No money,，,no honey! But if you only work for money, it would be quite boring.,For me work is something I must do to get accepted by the society.,I am always awarded by accomplishment which really worth the effort.,I think the most important thing is that,do you live for work or work for life.,I think everyone should work for himself or for anyone he loves.,The human must gives the best that he has to help his family or his friend and make him happy,.,Yeah, live in this society is very tired and hard.,Sometimes ,I dont want to work and find a secluded places to live until die .,But thats unrealistic, we have parents and they need us to look after in their old age.,So life must continue and work need continue too.,I think one purpose for people to make money, another purpose is to join the society to communicate with people .,Sometimes money decides the kind of job. If we work not for money we can do many things we want to do.,But for money we have to do the job we dont like. So one of my dream is to do what I want to do someday.,Surely work gives us other things as well as,money,let us use our special abilities, skills and knowledge and makes us feel that were doing something useful,allows us to meet a lot of people and provides opportunities to make friends,lets us experience new things and lets us be creative,allows us to be responsible and contribute to the community,I do not like work -no man does -but I like what is in the work -the chance to find yourself. (Conrad Joseph, British novelist),我不喜欢工作,没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中,找到发现自己的机会。,(,英国小说家 约瑟夫,.C.),It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.,(Winston Churchill, British prime minister),不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。,(,英国首相 丘吉尔,.W.),To youth I have three words of counsel -work, work and work.,(Otto Btismarck, Greman statesman),对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词,工作，工作，工作。,(,德国政治家 俾斯麦,.O.),My philosophy of life is work.,我的人生哲学就是工作。,(,美国发明家 爱迪生,.T.A.),My philosophy of life is work., Thomas Alva Edison, American,我的人生哲学就是工作。,美国发明家,T A,爱迪生,He that will not work shall not eat.,不工作者不得食。,Proverbs and Quotations,Five needs by Abraham Maslow,Abraham Maslow,Abraham Maslow, an American _, believed that human _can be understood as a result of a hierarchy of needs: the most basic physiological needs, safety needs, _needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs.,When the lower-level needs are met, the motivation to meet the _needs becomes active. Furthermore, as an _progress upward, it becomes more difficult to successfully _the needs of each higher level. For this reason Maslow believed that very few people actually reach the level of self-actualization, and it is a _process for the few who do.,psychologist,motivation,belonging,higher-level,individual,fulfill,lifelong,Unit 5 is an argumentation text. It is a study of,the impact of work on peoples psychological well-being.,The author argues that work provides not only the material things of life but also the pride and satisfaction that are so important to peoples psychological balance and health.,Introductory Remarks,Skimming and Scanning,Directions:,You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.,For questions 1-8, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). (see the textbook on page 9,Comprehension of the Text,),For questions 9-11, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.,9) The sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is _ of work.,10) The work group also gently pressures its members to learn _so that the “rough edges” are worked off.,11) Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community can _.,1.b,2.a,3.d,4.c,5.a,6.b,7.c,8.d,9) The sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is _ of work.,10) The work group also gently pressures its members to learn _so that the “rough edges” are worked off.,11) Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community can _.,one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world,how to adjust to another,provide employees with both,status and self-confidence,1.,contentment n.,满足，高兴,dis,contentment n. 不满，不平,content a. 满足的，满意的 v. 使满意,e.g. be content to do sth.: 愿意做某事,be content with: 对 满足,content sb. : 使某人满意,I. Word Study and Word Building,associate v. 联想；把。和。联系起来,associate with 与。联系,be associateed with,historical a. 历史的，基于史实的,historical data史料,historical development 历史发展,historic a. 有历史意义的，历史上著名的,historic site 古迹；历史遗迹；历史地段,historic city 历史名城,historian n. 历史学家,sin n. 罪恶 v. 犯罪,sin crime guilt,sin指违反道德原则或宗教戒律的罪,crime指严重的违反行为或不法活动,guilt指有证据证实犯罪，有罪,3.,complaint n.,抱怨,e.g. The students have a lot of complaints about the food in the school canteen.,complain v.,complain (to sb.) about / of sth.,complain +that-clause,4.,contribution n.,贡献，捐献；捐献物,contribute to,: 有助于，促成,e.g. The close coordination between the two partners_(对公司的成功有很大的帮助）.,contributes greatly to the success of the company,5.,necessity n.,必需品；必要性,e.g.,The necessities of life include food, shelter and clothing.,There is the necessity that,we,(should) set off,before 5 oclock. (表语从句和同位语从句),necessary a.,necessarily adv. 必然地，一定,necissitate vt. 使被需要,focus n. 焦点 v.聚焦,focus on 集中,in focus 焦点对准，清晰,out of focus 焦点没对准，模糊,bring。into focus 把焦点对准,come into focus 进入焦点，显著,renew,renewable a.,renewal n.,exert v. 尽力,exert all ones strength,exert every effort,exert pressure,on,sb. 对某人施加压力,8.,un,employ,ment n.,失业,e.g. Closure of the factory will mean unemployment for 1200 workers.,employ v.,employer n.,employee n.,employment n. 就业，工作，职业,significant a. 重要的,sinificance n. 重要性,be of great significance,be of no significance 无关紧要,10.,accomplished a.,有才艺的；有造诣的,accomplish v. 完成，达到，实现,accomplishment n.,e.g. It is high praise to be spoken of as a person of accomplishments.,attribute v. 把。归因于,attributable a. 可归因于,be attributable to,His success is attributable to his diligence. 他的成功归功于勤奋。,capacity n. 能力； 容量,capacity, skill, talent, capability,capacity指容纳和吸收方面的接受力,skill 指人做事的本领或具有的技能等,talent 指先天所赋的才智或后天所得的办事能力,capability 指在智力或体力方面的才能或本领。,persist v. 坚持,persistence n.,persistent a.,persist in,insist on,aspect,to consider in all its aspects 全面地考虑,12.,reflect vt.,反射；反映,e.g. White clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat.,Look at the trees reflected in the dark.,reflect on: 仔细考虑,reflection n.,考题,1,：,As you have seen, the value of a nations currency is a _ of its economy.,a. response b. revelation,c. reaction,d. reflection,Answer: d. 由此可见，一个国家货币的价值反映了这个国家的经济。,response n. 回答，响应，反应；revelation n. 显示，揭露；,reaction n. 反应，反作用,考题,2,：,Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _ of the reality that they represent.,a. reflections,b. demonstrations,c. illuminations d. reproductions,Answer: a. 很多试图反映现实的小说是它们所代表的现实的写照。,demonstration n. 示范，实证； illumination n. 照明,照亮,阐明；启发； reproduction n. 繁殖；再生产；再现,13.,psychological a.,心理的,psych(o)- : of the mind,精神的；心理的,Psychology n.,Psychologist n.,14.,interact vi.,相互作用,inter- : between, from one to another,在之间；从一个到另一个,II. Language points and text analysis,Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers in the following essay.,Why People Work,Leonard R. Sayles,Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. Were all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.,Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: “I cant wait for my vacation,” “I wish I could stay home today,” “My boss treats me poorly,” “Ive got too much work to do and not enough time to do it.”,Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn,that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement.,Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.,Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: “I cant wait for my vacation,” “I wish I could stay home today,” “My boss treats me poorly,” “Ive got too much work to do and not enough time to do it.”,Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn,that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement.,Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.,Article_S_1,1. What does “may well” mean?,It means “be probable to” or “have enough reasons to”.,2. How do you understand this sentence?,Because of all this, it is most probable that you will feel surprised to know ,Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: “I cant wait for my vacation,” “I wish I could stay home today,” “My boss treats me poorly,” “Ive got too much work to do and not enough time to do it.”,Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn,that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement.,Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.,Article_S_2,1. What does the sentence mean?,For most people work is more important than just a means of earning money; it is the center of interest of their lives. In work they realize their own worth and see what great things they can create.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,对大多数人来说，工作不仅仅是一种必需，它还是人们生活的焦点，是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。,And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they dont have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves.,It has been observed that unemployment,quite aside from exerting financial pressures,brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.,But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.,But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.,And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they dont have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves.,It has been observed that unemployment,quite aside from exerting financial pressures,brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.,Article_S_4,1. How do you understand this part?, quite apart from causing financial difficulties ,2. What is the function of the word “quite”?,The adverb “quite” is used to emphasize the point that there are other serious problems apart from the obvious one of loss of income.,Pride in Accomplishment,The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.,It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.,But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one persons skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people and thus accomplishing a good deal.,Were often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work;,deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality.,Complaining is just part of working. After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control your limbs and hands and words?,You are, in significant measure, what you can do.,Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.,But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one persons skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people and thus accomplishing a good deal.,Were often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work;,deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality.,Complaining is just part of working. After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control your limbs and hands and words?,You are, in significant measure, what you can do.,Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.,Article_S_5,1. What does “deep down” refer to?,It refers to “at heart”.,2. How to interpret this part?, at heart most people think they owe their ability to do difficult work to their distinctive personal characteristics.,But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one persons skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people and thus accomplishing a good deal.,Were often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work;,deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality.,Complaining is just part of working. After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control your limbs and hands and words?,You are, in significant measure, what you can do.,Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.,Article_S_6,1. What does “in significant measure” mean?,It means “to a large extent”.,2. Paraphrase this sentence.,To a large extent, your value or worth lies in what you can do.,Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day.,Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.,But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place “out in the world,” with and through other people.,Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day.,Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.,But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place “out in the world,” with and through other people.,Article_S_7,1. How do you understand this sentence?,Not all people are able to keep dealing with others in such an active way and for such long periods, but those who are able to do so will congratulate themselves on this special ability because it has an important role to play in assuring the smooth operation of an o
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