机械行业几何公差——形状、方向、位置、跳动公差——指零件的实际形状、方向、位置对理想形状、方向、位置的允许变动量

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,几何公差,几何公差简介,形状、方向、位置、跳动公差,指零件的实际形状、方向、位置对理想形状、方向、位置的允许变动量,形状公差,位置公差,0.05,A,A,一,.,几何,公差的概念,0.05,A,要素,：,指构成零件几何特征的点、线、面。,被测要素：,给出了几何公差要求的要素。,基准要素：,用来确定被测要素方向、位置的要素。,公差带：,限制实际要素变动的区域。,被测要素,基准要素,0.05,公差带,A,一,.,几何,公差的概念,形状公差,是指单一实际要素的形状对其理想要素形状的变动量。,位置公差,是指关联实际要素的位置对其理想要素位置的变动量。,一,.,几何,公差的概念,方向公差,是指关联实际要素的方向对其理想要素方向的变动量,跳动公差,是关联实际要素绕基准直线回转一周或几周所允许的最大跳动量,d,几何公差特征项目符号,面轮廓度,线轮廓度,圆柱度,圆度,平面度,直线度,形状公差,面轮廓度,线轮廓度,方向公差,倾斜度,垂直度,平行度,面轮廓度,线轮廓度,位置公差,位置度,对称度,同轴度,跳动公差,全跳动,圆跳动,二,.,几何公差的,标注,0.02,A,可实心可空心,被测要素,指引线,几何公差符号,公差值,基准字母,基准符号,基准要素,几何公差代号用,几何公差框格,表示，,几何公差框格用,细实线,绘制，要,水平,或,垂直,放置。,A,几何公差的注法,(1),当被测要素（基准要素）为轮廓线或表面时，指引线箭头（基准符号指引线）应指在该要素的轮廓线或其延长线上，且必须与尺寸线错开。,几何公差标注时，用带箭头的指引线将框格与被测要素相连。,(2),当被测要素（基准要素）为轴线、球心或中心平面时，指引线箭头（基准符号指引线）应与该要素的尺寸线对齐。,几何公差的注法,几何公差的注法,(3),当被测要素（基准要素）为实际表面时，指引线箭头可指在用圆点指向实际表面的参考线上。,基准要素的标注,注意：无论基准代号在图样上的方向如何，方框内的字母均应,水平书写,。,A,B,C,D,基准三角形应放在基准要素的轮廓线或其延长线上。,A,框格高度,基准要素的标注,(1),基准要素为轮廓线或表面时，基准三角形应放在该要素的轮廓线或其延长线上，且必须与尺寸线错开。,B,A,A,基准要素的标注,(2),基准要素为轴线、球心或中心平面时，基准三角形应与该要素的尺寸线对齐。,A,B,A,基准要素的标注,(3),当基准要素为实际表面时，基准三角形放在用圆点指向实际表面的参考线上。,A,基准要素的标注,凡由两个或两个以上的要素组成的基准称为,组合基准,。如公共轴线、公共中心平面。,组合基准的字母将各个字母用横线连起来，并写在公差框格的同一个格子内。,0.08,A-B,A,B,A,B,0.08,A-B,三,.,几何公差的,公差带,1.,直线度,d,0.04,0.04,d,圆柱体的轴线必须位于直径为公差值,0.04,的圆柱面内,三,.,几何公差的,公差带,0.02,0.02,1.,直线度,圆柱表面上任一素线必须位于轴向平面内，距离为公差值,0.02,的两平行直线之间,2.,平面度,0.1,上表面必须位于距离为公差值,0.1,的两平行平面之间,0.1,3.,圆度,0.02,0.02,在垂直于轴线的任一正截面上，该圆必须位于半径差为公差值,0.02,的两同心圆之间,4.,圆柱度,0.05,0.05,圆柱面必须位于半径差为公差值,0.05,的两同轴圆柱面之间,5.,平行度,上表面必须位于距离为公差值,0.05,，且平行于基准平面的两平行平面之间,0.05,A,基准平面,0.05,A,5.,平行度,0.1,A,0.1,被测轴线必须位于直径为公差值,0.1,，且平行于基准轴线的圆柱面内,A,6.,垂直度,d,0.05,A,d,的轴线,必须位于距离为公差值,0.05,，且垂直于基准平面的两平行平面之间,基准平面,0.05,A,6.,垂直度,d,0.05,A,0.05,d,的轴线,必须在给定的投影方向上，位于直径为公差值,0.05,，且垂直于基准平面的圆柱面内,基准平面,A,7.,倾斜度,60,0.05,A-B,d,d,的轴线,必须位于距离为公差值,0.05,的两平行平面之间，该两平行平面按理论正确角度,60,倾斜于,公共基准轴线,A-B,0.05,A,B,8.,同轴度,基准轴线,d,0.05,A,0.05,d,的轴线,必须位于直径为公差值,0.05,，且与基准轴线同轴的圆柱面内,0.05,A-B,d,A,B,A,9.,位置度,30,30,A,B,中心线,必须位于直径为公差值,0.03,的圆柱面内，该圆柱面的轴线应处于由基准平面,A,、,B,、,C,和理论正确尺寸,30,、,30,确定的理论正确位置上,0.03,30,30,C,0.03,A,B,C,d,B,A,C,10.,对称度,0.08,A,基准中心平面,槽的中心面,必须位于距离为公差值,0.08,，且相对基准中心平面对称配置的两平行平面之间,0.08,0.04,A,11.,径向圆跳动,d,0.08,A,基准轴线,测量平面,0.08,圆柱,d,上任一垂直于,A,的横截圆都必须位于半径差为,0.08,，圆心在基准轴线上的两同心圆之间,A,11.,轴向圆跳动,0.05,A,左端面上与,基准轴线同轴的任一圆柱形截面都必须位于轴向距离为,0.05,的两个等圆之间,基准轴线,任一直径,0.05,d,A,12.,径向全跳动,d,圆柱,面都必须位于半径差为,0.08,，与公共基准轴线,A-B,同轴的两圆柱面之间,0.08,基准轴线,0.08,A-B,d,A,B,12.,轴向全跳动,右端面,必须位于轴向距离为,0.05,、且垂直于基准轴线,A,的两平行平面之间,基准轴线,d,0.05,0.05,A,d,A,例,1,填空,被测要素是,_,；,公差项目是,_,；,公差值是,_,。,18,0.03,0.03mm,直线度,18,的轴线,例,2,填空,被测要素是,_,；,基准要素是,_,；,公差项目是,_,；,公差值是,_,。,18,A,0.02,A,B,0.02mm,垂直度,18,的轴线,B,面,例,3,解释各要素的含义,A,基准为左端面,轮廓要素,B,基准为孔轴线,中心要素,右端面对,A,基准的平行度,100,外圆柱面的圆度,100,外圆柱面对,B,基准的圆跳动,B,A,例,4,用文字说明图中框格标注的含义,80,40,I,面对,II,面的平行度公差为,0.025,80,圆柱面对,20H7,轴线的径向圆跳动公差为,0.025,II,面对,20H7,轴线的垂直度公差为,0.04,II,面的平面度公差为,0.015,B,20H7,A,II,0.025,B,I,0.015,0.025,A,0.04,A,例,5,根据文字说明，将几何公差的要求标注在图上,0.02,A-B,B,A,20k6,20h6,14,10,0.012,A-B,0.08,0.08,20k6,圆柱素线的直线度公差为,0.08,20h6,轴线的直线度公差为,0.08,左端面对,10,和,20k6,组成的公共轴线的端面跳动公差为,0.02,20h6,、,1,4,、,10,圆柱面对,10,和,20k6,组成的公共轴线的径向跳动公差为,0.012,例,6,指出下述几何公差的公差带,0.03,A,基准平面,0.03,孔的轴线必须位于距离为公差值,0.03,，且平行于基准平面的两平行平面之间,A,例,7,指出下述几何公差的公差带,506g,0.01,0.05,506g,圆柱面必须位于半径差为公差值,0.01,的两同轴圆柱面之间,轴套,160,圆柱表面对,85,圆柱轴线,A,的径向跳动公差为,0.03,。,150,圆柱表面对轴线,A,的径向跳动公差为,0.02,。,厚度为,20,的安装板左端面对,150,圆柱面轴线,B,的垂直度公差为,0.03,。,安装板右端面对,160,圆柱面轴线,C,的垂直度公差为,0.03,。,示例,