外研英语选修8课件：Module3SectionⅣ课件

山东水浒书业有限公司,优化方案系列丛书,语法专题突破,写作专题突破,Module 3,Foreign,山东水浒书业有限公司,优化方案系列丛书,语法专题突破,写作专题突破,Module 3,Foreign,返回,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,外研英语选修8课件：Module3Section,*,Section ,Grammar & Writing,语法专题突破,Section ,写作专题突破,语法专题突破,品味语法,1,He is reading a,cookery,book.2,The woman,holding,_,a,_,baby,_,in,_,her,_,arms,is waiting to see the doctor.3,Please get me a pen,to,_,write,_,with,.4,People all like those,who,_,have,_,good,_,manners,.,自我探究,(1),句,1,中,cookery,是,名,词，在句中作,定语,修饰,book,；,(2),句,2,中,holding a baby in her arms,是,现在分词短语,，作,定语,修饰,woman,；,(3),句,3,中,to write with,是,不定式短语,，作,定语,修饰,pen,；,(4),句,4,中,who have good manners,是,从句,，作定语修饰,those,。,讲解归纳,一、定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常放在被修饰的词前，短语或句子放在被修饰的词之后。充当定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。,规则说明,例句,形容词作定语,He is a clever boy.,他是个聪明的孩子。,名词作定语,He works in a steel works.,他在一家钢厂工作。,代词作定语,Her father is an engineer.,她的父亲是一个工程师。,数词作定语,There are about fifty people at the meeting.,大约有五十人出席了会议。,名词所有格作定语,Do you know Bettys mother,？,你认识贝蒂的母亲吗？,动名词作定语,He bought some sleeping pills.,他买了些安眠药。,规则说明,例句,现在分词作定语,This is a most pressing problem.,这是一个非常紧迫的问题。,过去分词作定语,Is there any difference between spoken English and written English,？,英语口语和书面语之间存在什么不同吗？,不定式作定语时，要保证动词的及物性，若为不及物动词，则要加相应的介词，此时不定式可转化为,“,介词关系代词不定式,”,Please get me a pen to write with.,Please get me a pen with which to write.,请给我找支钢笔写字用。,副词作定语,He met with his English teacher on his way home.,在回家的路上，他遇上了他的英语老师。,Are you content with the life here,？,你对这里的生活满意吗？,二、定语从句,定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做,“,先行词,”,。引导定语从句的词叫,“,关系词,”,。关系词有两个作用：,1,引导定语从句；,2,代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。,关系词的基本用法,表一,关,系,代,词,关系词,先行词,从句成分,whom,及,that,，,which,在从句中作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中常可省略，但介词提前时，不能用,that,，,whom,与,which,不可省。,who,人,主语,whom,人,宾语,that,人、物,主语、宾语,which,物,主语、宾语,whose,人、物,定语,关,系,副,词,when,时间,状语,when,也可用,in/on which,代替,where,地点,状语,where,可用,in which,代替,why,原因,状语,why,可用,for which,代替,表二,规则说明,例句,that,先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时,This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.,这是我看过的最有趣的电影。,当先行词是不定代词时，如,all,，,little,，,few,，,much,，,something,，,anything,，,everything,，,none,，,nothing,，,no one,，,some,等时,He did everything that he could to help us.,他做了一切他能做的来帮助我们。,先行词被,all,，,every,，,no,，,some,，,any,，,little,，,much,，,one of,，,the only,，,the very,，,the right,，,last,，,few,，,just,等修饰时,The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.,我们唯一能做的就是给你些建议。,当先行词既有人又有物时,Later my father and Mr. Smith talked for about half an hour of persons and things that they remembered in the school.,后来我父亲和史密斯先生谈了半个小时他们记忆中学校里的人和事。,that,当主句是以,who,或,which,开始的特殊疑问句时,Who is the boy that won the gold medal,？获得金牌的男孩是谁？,有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用,which,，另外一个用,that,They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.,他们秘密地建了一座小工厂，那里生产的东西可能带来污染。,为了避免一些重复结构,Which is the train that is going to Shanghai,？去上海的是哪次火车？,当先行词是集体名词时，多用,that,He wants to join the team that won the game.,他想加入赢得比赛的那支队。,在,there be,句型中，只用,that,There is no road that is impossible.,没有不能走的路。,先行词由,the only,，,the very,修饰时，用,that,The only thing that the boy wanted was a toy dog.,那个男孩唯一想要的是一只玩具狗。,which,关系代词前有介词时,Galileo built a telescope through which he could study the skies.,伽利略造了一架望远镜来观察天空。,引导非限制性定语从句时,Football,，,which is a very interesting game,，,is popular all over the world.,足球，一种非常有趣的比赛，在全世界范围流行。,先行词本身是,that,时,Whats that which flashed in the sky just now,？刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？,先行词后有插入语时,Here is the English grammar book which,，,as Ive told you,，,will help improve your English.,这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书，它能帮你提高英语。,who,先行词是指人的不定代词时，如,one,，,anyone,，,no one,，,all,，,nobody,，,anybody,，,none,，,those,等,People all like those who have good manners.,人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。,当先行词有长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时,Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.,史密斯教授就要来给我们作一场关于如何学英语的讲座。,当先行词是一个限制性的表示人的特定的名词时,The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.,上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。,whom,“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用,which (,指物,),和,whom(,指人,),The rascal by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning.,今天上午打小男孩的那个流氓被逮捕了。,指人,(,宾格,),，在从句中作宾语。,He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.,他就是我昨天见的那个人。,This is the classmate with whom Ill go to Qingdao.,这就是要和我去青岛的同学。,whose,指人,(,所有格,)whose,用来指人或物，,(,只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同,of which,互换,),Do you know the boy whose English is the best,？你知道英语最好的那个男孩吗？,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.,那个人的车坏了，大家都跑去帮忙。,when (,介词,which),指时间，在从句中作状语。,I will never forget the days when I was forced to drop out of school.,我将永远忘不了我被迫辍学的时候。,Do you remember the day on which you joined our club,？,Do you remember the day when you joined our club,？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？,There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.,任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。,where (,介词,which),指地点，在从句中作状语。,Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.,北京是我的出生地。,The room where (,in which) he used to live has now been turned into a museum.,他过去住的那所房子现在变成了一所博物馆了。,why (,for which),指原因，在从句中作状语。,Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer,？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,Do you know the reason why he didnt come to the meeting,？你知道他没有到会的原因吗？,as,as,在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。也可指方式、程度，在从句中作状语。,as,引导限制性定语从句通常构成,such.as,或,the same as,的固定结构。,As is known to all,，,China is a developing country.,众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。,John,，,as you know,，,is a famous writer.,约翰，就像你知道的一样，是个著名的作家。,I have got into the same trouble as he (has),我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。,语法专练,.,单句改错,1,I work in a business when almost everyone is waiting for a great chance._,when,where,2,He is waiting for a bus in that he can go to Beijing. _,3,There were two buildings,，,the larger which stands nearly a hundred feet high._,that,which,which,前加,of,4,I have many friends,，,of who some are businessmen._,5,Australia is the only country which is also a continent._,who,whom,which,that,.,合并句子,1,Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs.They are paid in cash for the performances._,Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,，,for which they are paid in cash.,2,Jim passed the driving test.This surprised everybody in the office._,Jim passed the driving test,，,which surprised everybody in the office.,3,He was educated at a local grammar school.After that he went on to Cambridge._,He was educated at a local grammar school,，,after which he went on to Cambridge.,4,The manager left the meeting room.The manager made it clear to us that he didnt agree with us._,The manager,，,having made it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,，,left the meeting room,5,Talks between the two countries are making progress.This is reported in the newspapers._,As is reported in the newspapers,，,talks between the two countries are making progress.,.,完成句子,1,这个白色小木屋闻起来好像好多年没人住了。,The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.,little white wooden,2,(2010,年高考湖南卷,),我和去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个同学成了好朋友。,Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.,who,3,(2010,年高考重庆卷,)In China,，,the number of cities is increasing _(,城市的发展得到了世界的公认,),whose development is recognized across the world,4,(2010,年高考大纲全国卷,),我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。,I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.,that,5,(2010,年高考课标全国卷,),孩提时代，杰克在一所乡村学校学习，该学校以他祖父的名字命名。,As a child,，,Jack studied in a village school,，,_ is named after his grandfather.,which,6,(2011,年高考大纲全国卷,)Ted,仅穿着短裤和,T,恤来过周末，在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。,Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt,，,_is a stupid thing to do in such weather.,which,7,(2011,年高考四川卷,),这个学校商店，其主要顾客是学生，因为放假暂停营业。,The school shop,，,_ customers are mainly students,，,is closed for the holidays.,whose,8,(2011,年高考山东卷,),这座老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和坐落在一起的矮小的房子。,The old town has narrow streets and small houses_ are built close to each other.,that/which,9,(2011,年高考安徽卷,),任何剩下的东西也许都可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保存两到三周的时间。,Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,，,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.,where,10,(2011,年高考天津卷,),体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子已一去不复返了。,The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,when,写作专题突破,【,写作内容,】,根据下列提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍关于东西方餐桌礼仪的差异。,The differences between western and Chinese table manners,Western,Chinese,Arriving,On time,Ahead of time,Tableware (,餐具,),Knife and fork,Chopsticks,While drinking,Take only a sip,Drink at once,While eating,Eat up everything on the plate,Leave some dishes on the plate,【,写作要求,】,1,只能使用,5,个句子表达全部内容；,2,可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,【,要点词汇,】,1,吃的习惯,_2,邀请,_3,分享,_4,传统地,_,eating habits,invite,share,traditionally,【,句式结构,】,1,中西方饮食习惯的主要差异是在西方每个人使用自己的餐具，而在中国大家共用一套餐具。,_between Chinese and western eating habits is _.,The main difference,that everyone has their own plate of food in the West,；,while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares,2,在中国，你一口气喝干是礼貌的；而在西方，你最好只喝一小口。,In China,，,_ is polite _,，,while in the West,，,youd better take only a sip.,it,to drink all at once,3,对于中国主人来说，客人不把盘子里的菜吃完意思是主人准备了足够的菜。,For the Chinese host,，,_ means that he has served plenty of food.,leaving some dishes on the plates,【,连句成篇,】,_,【,佳作欣赏,】,The main difference between Chinese and western eating habits is that everyone has their own plate of food in the West,；,while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.If you are invited to a western family,，,you should come on time,；,while to a Chinese family you have to be there ahead of time.,Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only in China,，,while the left hand takes the fork,，,the right hand uses the knife to cut in the West.In China,，,it is polite to drink all at once,，,while in the West,，,youd better take only a sip.For the Chinese host, leaving some dishes on the plates means that he has served plenty of food; but for the western host that means the guests dont like the dishes.,【,类文点津,】,这是图表式作文。,图表作文着重说明事实，常常通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并得出结论或看法。写图表式作文时，要遵循以下步骤：,1,认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；,2,确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架；,3,编列文章的提纲；,4,根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；,5,检查与修改。,