不定式的省略

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,一.,动词不定式的省略,动词不定式的省略:,在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，,只保留to,。,1.,省do留to,.,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,hate,prefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面,(,宾语或宾补,),。如:,I asked him to see the film，but he didnt,want,to,.,在have,to,need,to,ought,to,be going,to,used,to,be about to,be supposed to,等后面。,在某些形容词pleased,glad,happy 等后面。,-Will you join the game?-Id,be glad to,.,否定形式的省略用not to。,I went there because,my mother,asked me,to,.,1. - You should have,told,her,about it,before you left.,- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.,A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it,2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?,-Not at all. _.,A. Ive no time B. Id rather not,C. Id like it D. Id be happy to,B,A,D,1.,-Are you a sailor? - No, but I _ A. am not B. used to C. used to be D.used to being,2.,-Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yesterday? -I_, but I had an unexpected guest. A. would like to,B. would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to,如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be,have和have been,C,B,-,-He hasnt finished yet.,-,-,Well,he,ought to have,.,当want 和like用于从句中时，to,也,常省略。,Come when you want.,I have decided to do what I like.,More practice,Have you got the book?,No, _, but I didnt get it.,A. I tried,B. I tried to,C. I tried to get,D. I tried it,答：B。to保留，其后的动词省略。,Would you like to go with us?, _, but Im busy now.,A. Id love B. Id love to,C. I love D. Id like,答：B。,- Arent you the manager?,- No, and I_,_,_,A.dont want to B. dont want to be,C. dont want be D. dont want,B,Are you a student?,No, but I_.,A. used to B. used,C. used to be D. used to was,答：C。,used to 也是不定式省略的一种形式，如Do you often go there? No, but I used to.但动词be一般不省。,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _,A. not to B. not to do,C. not do it D. do not to,答：A。to保留，to后的动词省略。,2,. 省to,留do,的用法。,I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。,What we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to）,There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。（介词but前如有do，but后可省略to）,To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。（莎士比亚） It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。,(,作表语时,可省可不省,),当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略to。,It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。,What we can do now is (to) wait.,can not but,can not choose but,can not help but,+do sth.(,to,一定要省,),不得不做,I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。,prefer to do sth rather than,would rather do than,+do sth.(,to,一定要省,),1,. I,d rather _ there alone.,A. to go B. going C. go D. went,答：C。 would rather后接省去to的不定式。,2,. He would rather die than _.,A. giving in B. give in,C. to give in D. gave in,答：B。 would rather.than.表示,“,宁愿,而不,”,，后接省去to的不定式。,.介词but, except(除了)前有do的形式时，后面的不定式要省略to。,All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。,do nothing but,have nothing to do but/except,There is nothing to do but,+do sth.,(一定要省),说明,：,but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，不带to, 否则要带to。,（,口诀：,有do无to, 无do加to,或,do but do,）,We have nothing,to do,now,but,wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。,He,has no choice but to,accept the fact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。,二. 状语从句的省略,连词(as, as if, once+名词),Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.,连词(though, whether, when)+形容词,Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.,连词(when, while, though)+现在分词,While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.,连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词,连词(as if, as though)+不定式,He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak,.,(,1),当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:,He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever.,He came home earlier than (he was) expected.,She works as hard as young people.,(,2),当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把 it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unless, when，whenever）+形容词的结构。,(,3),在than或asas引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。,Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.,:,省略在,a,s if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.,1.,Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say something.,2.,He acted as if (he was) a fool.,3.,She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry.,4.,He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time.,5.,The player,stood,still,as if (he was ),turned to,stone,.,6.,He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important.,:,as if用于省略句中,如果as if 引导的从句是,“,主语系动词,”,结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if,后就只剩下,不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语,或,分词。,if类省略结构小结,if从句省略“主语+be”,若if从句的主语与主句主语一致，且if从句的主语后跟有动词be，那么通常可以省略if从句的“主语+be”。,由if等构成的此类省略形式,if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经的话,if not如果没有的话 if so 如果这样的话,if possible 如果可能的话,if necessary 如果必要的话,1. if any 即使有（任何），,如果,有,Correct errors,if any,(=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。,There are few people nowadays,if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。,2.,if ever,（即使有也）极少，难得,He seldom,if ever,travels abroad. 他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。,He seldom,if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。,3.,if not 假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则,I might see you tomorrow.,If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。,有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如：,This is one of the oldest buildings in town,if not,the oldest. 这是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的话。,His pronunciation,if not,good, is at least tolerable. 他的发音如果说不算好，至少也还过得去。,1If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？,if so意为“如果是这样的话”，,是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，,表示肯定意义,。,如果表示否定意义，则用if not。,Will you be free this Sunday?,If,_,so,_lets go camping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。,Is anybody feeling cold?,If,_,not,_let us open the windows.有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，我们把窗子打开。,归纳拓展,4.if so意为,“,如果是这样的话,”,，,注意以下,if so与if not,连用的情形：,Will you be staying another night?,If so, we can give you a better room.,If not,could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚吗?,如果是这样，,我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。,如果不是，,您能在12点前离开这房间吗?,5.if possible 如果可能的话,If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去,6. if necessary 如果有必要的话,I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。,If necessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩短。,三.,用so或not代替上文内容,Get up early tomorrow. If,not,( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus.,He may not be at home then, if,so,(he is not at home), leave him a note.,-,Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?,I suppose not.,用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，,do,expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用,1.believe,think,expect，suppose 的否定前后都行。,I believe not.=I dont believe so.,2. Im afraid,fear,guess, hope 的否定只能位于后面。,Im afraid not.,I guess not.,I hope not.,a.-,Do you believe our team will win?,- I guess so,-I guess not .,b.Do you think it will rain?,I hope so .,I hope not,.,3.,do,does, did 的替代前面的谓语动作。,-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday,party tomorrow evening?,-Yes. Itll be fine if you_.,A. are B. can C. invite D. do,D,1.()-Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken.,-Oh,I_.,A. hope not to B. hope not,C. hope not so D. dont hope so,温馨提示,hope,、,guess,和,be afraid,肯定用,so,但是从句为否定时，只能用于,“主语,+hope/be afraid/ guess+ not”,结构,.,B,-Would you like to join us in the game?,-_, for I have something important to attend to. (08,福建,),A. I will B. I d love to,C. I wont D. I m afraid not,D,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?,_.,A.I dont believe,B.I dont believe it,C.I believe not so,D.I believe not,D,Do you think youll get a pay rise next year?,_.,A. I hope so B. Im afraid so,C. I believe not so D. Who says it,答：A。I hope so. 我希望如此。,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?,_.,A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it,C. I believe not so D. I believe not,答：D。Do you think (believe, suppose, expect) .?等句式的肯定回答是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) so。其否定回答形式是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) not. 或 I dont (think, expect, suppose) so,。,高考链接：,1.,When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II),A. introducing B. introduced,C. introduce D. being introduced,2.,It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV),A. questioning B. having questioned,C. questioned D. to be questioned,B,C,3.,The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.,A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see,4.,Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.,A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D.when to be taken,D,B,5.,Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春),A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,6.,When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春),A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed,A,A,7.,Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.,A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in,8.,_told to stop, the excited children kept on talking in class, so I got angry.,A. as B.when C.while D. though,C,D,