分词做定语和状语

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词,、,to do,不定式,）做状语、做定语,韩扬,非谓语动词作状语，该动作的逻辑主语为句子的主语。,选用分词时，要根据句子主语和分词动作的关系进行判断。,如果主语是分词动作的发出者，表示主动关系，需选用现在分词。,如果主语是分词动作的承受者，表示被动关系，需选用过去分词。,分词做状语可表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果。,一、表时间,Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身,看见一辆救护车开了过来。,（,a,sk） why he came late, he said that,he,got up late.,当他被问到为什么来晚了时,他说他起床起晚了。,二、表原因,Not,（know） her address, I wasn,t able to contact her.,由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。,Being ill,，,he didnt go to school yesterday.,（,move,）by their speech, I was at a loss what to say. 被他们的发言感动,我茫然说不出话。,三、表条件,(t,ake,),in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 及时吃,这药会很有效的。,Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your,feet. 坐下吧,埃玛。你老站着,只会弄得你更累,.,Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看,问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。,四、表让步,Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课。,Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。,五、表方式,He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋生。,Im returning your letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。,Obviously,he could have done better than_ (expect),.显然，他本可以做得比预期的更好。,六、表伴随,I offered them something to eat,（,think,）they might be hungry.,我给了他们一些东西吃,心想他们可能会饿。,They came in,（ follow） by their wives. 他们走了进来,后面跟着他们的妻子。,Trains in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains. 火车在这个国家里停留等待其他火车的时间太长了。,七、表结果,It rained heavily,_(cause ),severe flooding in that country.,大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。,causing,She was so angry that she threw her new doll on the floor breaking it into,pieces. 她大怒,把她新买的娃娃扔在地上,摔得粉碎,.,表,目的,用,to do,不定式,To succeed,he tried many ways .,He got up early,to catch the first bus,.,非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词、,to do,不定式）做定语,被修饰的名词与现在分词的动作在逻辑上是,主动关系,，现在分词表示该动作正在发生,（表进行）,;,被修饰的名词与过去分词的动作在逻辑上是,被动关系,（针对及物动词），分词的动作已经发生,（表完成）,。,过去分词形式作定语表示动作已完成，而现在分词形式作定语表示动词正在进行。,the risen sun,升起了的太阳,the rising sun,正在升起的太阳,boiled water,开水,boiling water,正沸腾的水,fallen leaves,落叶,falling leaves,正在飘落的叶子,changed condition,改变了的情况,changing condition,变化着的情况,developed countries,发达国家,developing countries,发展中国家,2)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。,The boy standing there is my brother. 站在那边的那个男孩是我的弟弟。,(The boy who is standing there),When we arrived, we each were given a,printed,question paper.,（,=a question paper that had been printed),我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷,.,to do,不定式做定语常强调,将来,之意,比较,The meeting,held,yesterday was boring .,The meeting,to be held,tomorrow is important .,Mr,HAN,is a teacher,_,（,love,） by,all the,students.,Most of the artists,_(,invite,),to the party were from South Africa.,The _(fly) kites are high in the sky.,The,_,(damage) bike was sent to the repairman.,I met some students _(return) from school.,The boy,_(,name）,T,om was hurt in the car accident.,. They built a highway _(lead) into the mountain village.,.,If you want to succeed in the years _(come) , you should work hard.,