analogy类比

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Definition:,Analogy,（类比）,: It compares two things, which are alike in various respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying same unfamiliar or complex ideas or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to a familiar one.,e.g,Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower.,恰当的赞扬对孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。,这里把“赞扬的作用”和“阳光的作用”进行类比,Some patterns of analogy:,1.A is to B as C is to D,E.g,: air is to man as water is to fish.,Food is to man as fuel is to engine.,2.A is to B what C is to D,E.g,: judicious,明智的,praise is to children what the sun is to flower,.,3. (just) as A,B, (so) C,D,E.g,: just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of the human history.,4. if A were B, C would,D,E.g:If,society were a train,，,the etiquette,(,礼节，礼仪；规矩,),would be the rails,轨道,along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.,Other patterns :,E.g:,The surface of the earth is like the skin of an orange, which cannot be spread out flat unless it is torn into strips. Thats why flat maps of the whole earth always distort its appearance.,地球表面是像一个橙色的皮肤，不能摊开平，除非它被撕裂成条状。这就是为什么整个地球的平面地图，总是歪曲它的外观。,Function:,Analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or exposition of an idea.,类比可通过许多平行的相似来扩展，来说服读者由于两件事物在许多方面很相似，一件事物得出的结论暗示另一种事物也可得出同样的结论。另外，类比的事物通常是人们熟悉的。,Distinguish metaphor, simile from analogy:,Analogy is a special form of comparison which draws parallel similarities between,two unlike things,(or the two unlike things have several similar properties).,All metaphors and similes are based on analogy. But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a metaphor does, but also,ga,ps between the two things as many similarities as possible,and then develops them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective.,simile, metaphor and analogy,Simile, metaphor,analogy,structure,Concentrate on,one,point of resemblance,Draw a parallel between,two unlike,things that have,several,common qualities or points of resemblance,function,Figure,serve to,heighten,effect with vivid imagery,persuasion or for the,explanation,or,exposition of an idea.,e.g,As cold water to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. (analogy),Jim wormed his way through the thicket,灌木丛,towards the forest.( metaphor),My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,danm,发电机, as precise as chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel,外科手术刀,. (simile),Differences between comparison and analogy:,Comparison,：,finds similarities between alike things or,things belonging to the same category,e.g. a lion and a tiger,Analogy,：,a special form of comparison,shows similarities between essentially unlike things or things belonging to totally different classes,e.g. girls and flowers,Analogy aims at what is common between two things of different classes.,(1)One is an unfamiliar subject, usually a difficult or abstract subject the writer makes a point of clarifying.,(2)The other is a familiar subject, normally an easy subject the writer utilizes to help explain his unfamiliar subject.,Thank You !,