定语从句

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,Attributive Clause,Attributive Clause,定语从句,一、基本概念：,1.,定语：,用来修饰,名词,和,代词,的叫作定语。,一般定语是形容词和介词短语。,Eg,: a,beautiful,girl (,形容词作定语,),a girl,in white,(,介词短语作后置定语,),2.,定语从句：,作定语的从句叫做定语从句，用来修饰一个,名,词或,代,词。,3.,定语从句,三要素,：,先行词,：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。,关系词,：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,定语从句,：一般紧跟在先行词之后的从句。,Eg1:,The man,who,lives next to us,is a teacher.,先行词,关系词,定语从句，放于先行词之,后,主句：,The man is a teacher.,Eg2: The book,that,you want,is on the desk.,先行词,关系词,主句：,The book is on the desk.,关系词的作用,：,1,、引导定语从句；,2,、代替先行词；,3,、在定语从句中充当成分。,重点提醒：,历年高考题对定语从句的考察主要是如何选择关系词。,“,三步走,”,原则：,1.,认识引导词,。,这是做题的关键。,2.,找准先行词,。,判断它到底指代什么。,3.,确定还缺什么,。,主要分析定语从句中所缺成分。,二、关系词的用法：,关系词,a,1,、关系代词,2,、关系副词,:,1,）指人,:,that, who, whom,whose,as,2,）指物：,that, which, whose, as,when, where, why,引,导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要,看关系词在从句中充当的成份,。若,充当状语,，则,用关系副词,；若,充当主语、宾语或定语,，则,用关系代词,。,（六代三副）,（一）关系代词的用法：,1,、指人,：,who,whom,that,whose + n,Examples:,She is the girl _ sells flowers.,Here is the man_ you are looking for.,I have a friend _ father is a doctor.,主语,/,（,宾语,）,（,宾语,）,主语,/,（,宾语,）,定语,（相当于,of whom the +n,）,who/that,whom/who/that,whose,),(,2,、指物,：,that,which,whose + n,Examples:,Football is a game _ is liked by most boys.,This is the pen _ I bought yesterday.,I like the book _ cover is red.,= I like the book _,the cover,is red.,= I like the book, _ is red.,主语,/,（,宾语,）,主语,/,（,宾语,）,定语,（相当于,of which the +n,）,which/that,(,),which/that,whose,of which,the cover,of which,注：关系代词只能用,that,的几种情况,1,、,Eg,: He talked about the,teachers and schools,that,he had visited,.,先行词既有人又有物,；,2,、,Eg:,This is,the first,film,that,I have seen since I came here.,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；,3,、,Eg,: This is,the very,book,that,I am looking for.,先行词被,the only,the very,the next, the last, the right, all, every, some, any, much, little, few, no,等修饰时；,4,、,Eg,: Is there,anything,that,you want in the shop?,先行词是,all, none, something, anything, nothing,等不定代词时,；,5,、,Eg:,Who is the girl,that,is singing in the room?,主句是以,who/which,开头的特殊疑问句时。,Which,is the classroom,that,you are in?,when,作时间状语,:,She will never forget,the day,when,she was married.,When =,介词,+ which,先行词有,time, day, year, morning,occasion,.,In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few,occasions,when,members are confused or uncertain of their roles.,(=on which),（二）关系副词的用法,：,where,作地点状语,I want to know,the place,where (= in which),I was born.,where =,介词,+ which,先行词有,place, city, country, house,situation, case, business, point, career, activity,(,江西,) After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.,A. that B. what C. which D. where,(,陕西）,Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.,A. which B. as C. why D. where,（天津）,Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.,A. when B. whose C. which D. where,why,作原因状语,其先行词常常是,the reason.,That is,the reason,why(= for which),Im late.,why =,for which,注意：,当先行词是,the way(,表方式,),时，关系词要用,in which/that/ (,且可以省略,),。,Eg,: I don,t like,the way,_,you speak.,(in which/ that/ ),理解：,You speak,in the way,.,(the way,在句中作方式状语,),先行词是表,时间,、,地点,、,原因,的名词，引,导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，,要,看关系词在从句中充当的成份,。若,充当,状语,，则,用关系副词,；若,充当主语或宾语,，,则,用关系代词,。,注意：,区分下列句子：,Eg,:,1.,I will never forget,the days,_ we worked together.,2.,I will never forget,the days,_,we spent together.,when/in which,（,which/that,）,区分下列句子：,Eg,:,3. This is,the factory,_ my father worked last year.,4. This is,the factory,_ we visited yesterday.,where/in which,（,which/that,）,区分下列句子：,Eg,:,5.This is,the reason,_,_,_ he was late.,6.This is,the reason,_ he gave to me.,why/for which/that,（,which/that,）,（三）,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,用法,：,1.,介词的位置：,观察下列例句总结：,Eg,: I,m talking to the man.,The man is my teacher.,（合二为一, the man,作主语）,The man who/whom/that I am talking,to,is my teacher.,The man,to whom,I am talking is my teacher.,介词,+,关系代词的情况,1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,总结：可见,介词可前可后。,介词,+,关系代词的情况,2,The man who/whom you spoke was a singer.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a,nurse.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,总结：介词,+,关系代词 一般有两种情况，,介词,+whom,介词,+which,另外有时会出现 介词,+whose,。,who,、,that,不能用于介词之后,。,Eg,. She is the person in whose pocket I found my lost watch.,介词,+,关系代词的情况,4,Is this the watch that you are,looking for,?,The old man whom I,am,looking after,is better .,总结：,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗,?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,4,Is this the watch that you are,looking for,?,The old man whom I,am,looking after,is better .,总结：,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗,?,2.,介词前面可有,all, both, none, neither, some, any, many, most, few, half, the +,比较级、最高级,等修饰。,The Greens have 2 daughters,both of whom,are college students.,介词,+,关系代词的情况 练习,1.,Do you like the book,_,she spent $10?,2.,Do you like the book_,she paid $10?,3.,Do you like the book_,she learned a lot?,4.,Do you like the book _,she often talks?,on which,for which,from which,about which,5.,He built a telescope,_,he could study the skies.,6. There is a tall tree outside, _,stands our teacher.,7.,China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.,through which,under which,of which,1.,代替一个普通名词,用,which;,若普通名词前有,as, so, such, the same,修饰时,关系代词用,as,。,2.,代替整个主句,:,1),位置不同,: as,从句可以放句首,句中或句尾；,which,从句只能放句尾,;,2),语气不同,: as,表积极、肯定，（,“,正如,”,，,“,或像,一样,”,）；,which,表消极、否定。,as,与,which,的区别,1).The meeting,was held in the park, was a great success.,2). I will read as many books,are required.,3). She has married again,was unexpected.,4).,is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.,which,as,which,As,Exercises:,1,、,I don,t like the way _ he talked to me.,A. as B. that C. which D. by which,2,、,She talked about the books and writers _ she remembered.,A. that B. who C. which D. whom,3,、,He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.,A. which B. whose C. where D. of which,4,、,Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?,A. at where B. which C. in which D. at which,5,、,That is the office _ Lincoln once worked in.,A. where B. which C. what D. in which,6,、,Do you know the reason _ he was late?,A. for which B. for whatC. which D. what,7,、,That,s all _ I want to tell you.,A. they B. which C. what D. that,8,、,I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.,A. when; which B. which; when,C. what; that D. on which; when,9,、,The way _ he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./,10,、,I, _your good friend, will try my best to help you out.,A. who is,B. who am,C. that is,D. which am,11,、,He is the only one of the three _ got the new idea. A. who have,B. whom have,C. who has,D. whose had,12,、,She is one of the few girls who_ passed the examination.,A. was B. were C. has D. have,Thank you !,