大学英语B全国统考辅导资料

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,B,）,全国统考辅导资料,1,目 录,大学英语,(B),考试大纲,考试内容复习指导,第一部分：交际用语,一、解题技巧,二、例题讲解,第二部分：,阅读理解,一、阅读方法,二、阅读题类型及解题技巧,三、例题讲解,第三部分：,词汇和语法,一、词汇,二、语法,2,第四部分：完形填空,一、解题技巧,二、例题讲解,第五部分：英译汉,一、解题技巧,二、例题讲解,第六部分：写作部分,一、写作类型,二、作文练习,3,大学英语,(B),考试大纲,考试对象,教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自,2004,年,3,月,1,日,(,含,3,月,1,日,),以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。,“大学英语,(B)”,考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。,考试目标,本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育所有专业,(,除英语类和艺术类专业,),的学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力。考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同语言技能进行交际的基本能力。,4,【,语法,】,考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在语言活动中较正确地加以运用。,【,词汇,】,考生应认知,3000,个单词，并熟练掌握其中的,1800,个单词及其基本的搭配。,【,交际能力,】,考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。,【,阅读,】,考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟,50,个单词。考生应能：,1,理解主旨要义；,2,理解文中具体信息；,3,根据上下文推测生词词义；,4,进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。,考试内容与要求,5,【,翻译,】,考生应能在规定时间内将难度适中的英文句子翻译成中文。考生应能：,1,对英语原文有准确的理解；,2,做到译文通顺、达意。,【,写作,】,考生应能在规定时间内写出长度不少于,80,词的短文。考生应能：,1,用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；,2,基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；,3,根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。,6,部分,项目,内容,题型,考点,题量,总分,时间,（分钟）,交际英语,5,个简短对话,单选,日常情景交际能力,5,15,5,阅读理解,2,篇短文，每篇,5,道题,单选,理解主旨要义、具体信息,10,20,20,词汇与结构,5,个单句,单选,词汇与语法知识运用,5,10,10,完形填空,1,篇短文,单选,词汇、句法和篇章和知识运用,5,15,10,英译中,6,个单句,翻译,短句翻译能力,6,30,20,写作,1,篇作文,命题作文,短文写作能力,1,10,25,总计,34,100,90,试卷结构与题型,7,考试方式与时间,考试为闭卷机考。考试满分为,100,分，时间为,90,分钟。,8,考试内容复习指导,【,学习方法,】,本辅导讲座针对统考题型着重讲解解题技巧、语法和相关例题。在学习本辅导资料的同时，要,多做模拟题和练习题,。,习题下载地址,：,学习园地 统考学习 大学英语统考复习资料,9,第一部分：交际用语,日常交际用语是大学英语,(B),统考试题中的第一部分，目的是考查考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。,一、解题技巧,在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：,A.,礼貌原则,1,）, We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us?, _,A. Im afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.,B. Of course not. I have no idea.,C. No. I cant.,D. Thats all set.,答案：,A,。,10,礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子,“,I,m afraid not,”,就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用,“,but,”,来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如：,I would love to, but,That,s a good idea, but,2,）, Would you like to go out for a walk with us?, _, but I must finish my homework first.,A. Of course not B. Thats all right,C. Id love to D. Yes, I do,答案：,C,。,11,B.,文化遵从原则, Mary, your dress is really beautiful.,.,A. No, it is not. B. Its expensive.,C. Thank you. D. Dont say that. Its ugly.,答案：,C,。,C.,利他原则, Excuse me, I am going to the airport, could you please tell me the way?, _,A. Really?,B. You can ask him.,C. No, I dont know.,D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.,答案：,D,。,12,二、例题讲解,交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可分为以下两类：功能性的日常用语；日常情景对话,功能性的日常用语包括：问候与应答；告别；感谢与应答；请求允许与应答；提供帮助与应答；祝愿、祝贺与应答；道歉与应答；邀请与应答；表示个人意见；表示心情和态度。,日常情景对话包括：约会；打电话；问路；询问事物；天气；交通；购物；就餐；旅游；健康。,13,（一） 功能性的日常用语,1,、问候与应答,A. How are you? /Hows everything with you?,（你好吗,?/,一切都好吗,?,）,B. Fine, thank you, and you? /Very well, thank you.,（挺好的，谢谢。你好吗,?,）,Just so-so.,（一般。）,Pleased/Glad to meet you here.,（很高兴在这里见到你。）,例题讲解,1,）, How are you, Bob?,Ted.,A. How are you?B. Im fine. Thank you.,C. How do you do?D. Nice to meet you.,答案：,B,。,14,2,）, How do you do? Glad to meet you., _,A. Fine. How are you?,B. How do you do? Glad to meet you, too.,C. How are you? Thank you!,D. Nice. How are you?,答案：,B,。,15,2,、告别,A. Im afraid I must be leaving now.,（恐怕我得走了。）,Sorry, I must go now.,（抱歉我得走了。）,I think its time for us to leave.,（我想我们该离开了。）,B. Good night.,（晚安。）,Good bye. /See you.,（再见。）,例题讲解,1,）, Marilyn, Im afraid I have to be leaving now., _,A. That sounds wonderful.B. Oh, so early?,C. Not at all.D. Good luck!,答案：,B,。,16,2,）, Its getting late. Im afraid I must go now., OK.,.,A. Take it easyB. Go slowly,C. Stay longerD. See you,答案：,D,。,17,3,、感谢与应答,A.,表达感谢,Thanks a lot! / Thank you (very much).,（多谢,!,）,Its very kind of you (to help me).,（你真是太好了。）,B.,回答,Not at all. / Thats all right./ Dont mention it.,Youre welcome. /My pleasure.,（不客气。不用谢。）,例题讲解,1,）,Thanks for your help., _,A. My pleasure.B. Never mind.,C. Quite right.D. Dont thank me.,答案：,A,。,18,2,）, Thank you for inviting me., _,A. I really had a happy time. B. Oh, its too late.,C. Thank you for coming. D. Oh, so slowly?,答案：,C,。,19,4,、请求允许与应答,A.,提出请求,May /Can /could I use (borrow/ask/see) ?,（我可以用,/,借,/,问,/,看,吗？）,I wonder /I am wondering if you could do something for me.,（不知道您能否帮我做点事。）,Could/Would you please?,（你可以,吗？）,B.,回答请求, 同意,Sure./Certainly./Of course. / By all means./Yes, do please.,（当然可以。）,Help yourself.,（请便。）, 回绝,Im afraid ,（我恐怕,）,Im sorry, but I have something else to do.,（对不起，我有其它事要做。）,Im sorry you cant. /Youd better not.,（很抱歉，不行。,/,你最好别这样。）,20,例题讲解,1) Could I borrow your car for a few days?,.,A. Yes, you may borrow.,B. Yes, go on.,C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey.,D. It doesnt matter.,2) I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?,Im not using it right now.,A. Sure, go ahead. B. I dont know.,C. It doesnt matter. D. Who cares?,答案：,C,。,答案：,A,。,21,A.,提出请求,Do you mind if I do sth.?,Would you mind if I do sth.?,Do you mind my doing sth.?,（你是否介意我,？）,B.,回答请求, 不介意,No, I dont mind./ Of course not./ Not at all.,（不介意。,/,当然不介意。,/,一点也不介意。）,Please do./ Go ahead, please./OK.,（行，做吧。）, 介意,Yes, I do.,（我介意。）,Im sorry. Youd better not.,（对不起，你最好别这样。）,22,例题讲解,1,）, Would you mind changing seats with me?, _,A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to.,C. No, I dont mind. D. Certainly, please do.,答案：,C,。,2,）, Do you mind my smoking here?, _,A. No, thanks.B. Yes, I do.,C. Yes, Id rather not. D. Good idea.,答案：,B,。,3,）, Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table?, _.,A. Good news for youB. Go ahead, please,C. Yes, sureD. No, I cant,答案：,B,。,23,5,、提供帮助与应答,A.,提供帮助,Can I help you? / What can I do for you? (,有什么可以为您效劳吗？,),Let me do it for you. (,让我帮您做吧。,),Would you like me to help you with .? (,我能帮您做,吗？,),Do you need me to do it for you? (,您需要我帮忙做这件事吗？,),B.,应答, 接受帮助,Thanks. That would be nice./ Its so nice of you. (,多谢，那太好了。,),Thank you for your help. (,感谢你的帮助。,),Yes, please. Thank you. (,是的，请。谢谢。,),礼貌地回绝,No, thanks./ Thats OK. I can manage it myself. (,谢谢，不用了。我能处理。,),24,例题讲解,1,）, This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs., _,A. You may ask for help.B. Let me give you a hand.,C. Please do me a favor.D. Id come to help.,2,）, Can I help you with your suitcase?,A. Thats OK. I can manage it. B. Its not very light.,C. I can help you with it. D. Put it down on the ground.,答案：,B,。,答案：,A,。,25,6,、祝愿、祝贺与应答,祝愿,A.,表达祝愿,Good luck!,（祝你好运！）,Best wishes to you!,（致以良好祝愿！）,Have a good time.,（祝你玩得愉快！）,Wish you success.,（祝你成功,!,）,Have a nice trip.,（旅途愉快！）,B.,回答,Thank you. The same to you. /You too.,（谢谢！你也一样。）,祝贺,A.,表达祝贺,Congratulations!,（恭喜！）,Happy New Year!,（新年快乐！）,Merry Christmas!,（圣诞快乐！）,Happy Birthday!,（生日快乐！）,B.,回答,Thank you.,（谢谢。）,26,例题讲解,1,）, I was worried about my maths, but Mr. Brown gave me an A., _,A. Dont worry about it.,B. Congratulations! Thats a difficult course.,C. Mr. Brown is very good.,D. Good luck to you!,2,）, Tomorrow is my birthday., _,A. Oh, I have no idea. B. Im glad you like it.,C. Many happy returns of the day! D. You must be very happy.,答案：,B,。,答案：,C,。,27,7,、道歉与应答,A.,表达歉意,Im sorry that (,抱歉,),Excuse me for my interruption. (,抱歉我打扰一下。,),B.,应答,Thats all right. / Thats OK.,Never mind. / It doesnt matter. (,没关系。,),例题讲解, Oh, sorry to bother you., _,A. Thats Okay.B. No, you cant.,C. Thats good. D. Oh, I dont know.,答案：,A,。,28,8,、邀请与应答,A.,提出邀请,Would you like to come to .? (,你想来参加,吗,?),Id like to invite you to (,我想邀请你,),B.,回答邀请,同意,Yes. / Thank you, Id love to. (,谢谢，我愿意去。,),Yes, its very kind of you. (,愿意，你太好了。,) That would be very nice. (,那太好了。,),回绝,Sorry, I (,抱歉，我,),Id like to but/ Id love to but(,我很愿意去，但是,),Im afraid Im busy. (,恐怕我有事。,),29,例题讲解, Can you go to the concert with us this evening?, _,A. No, I already have plans.,B. Id love to, but Im busy tonight.,C. No, I really dont like being with you.,D. Im ill, so I shouldnt go out.,答案：,B,。,30,9,、表示个人意见,I think you should do that. (,我认为你应该做那件事。,),I believe he is right. (,我相信他是对的。,),Yes, I think so. (,是的，我也这样认为。,),I agree (with you). (,我同意你的看法。,),I cant agree with you more. (,我非常同意。,),No, I dont think so. (,我不这样认为。,),I cant agree with you. (,我不同意你的看法。,),Im sure. /Im not sure. (,我确定。,/,我不确定。,),Maybe / Perhaps (,或许,),I likevery much. (,我很喜欢,),I dont like (hate) (,我不喜欢,/,讨厌,),So do I. / Neither do I. (,我也,/,我也不,),31,例题讲解,1) Is it possible for you to work late tonight?, _,A. I like it.B. Ill do that. C. Id love to.D. I think so.,2) I dont like the sports programs on Sundays., _,A. So do I. B. Neither do I.,C. So am I. D. Neither am I.,答案：,D,。,答案：,B,。,32,10,、表示心情和态度,Really?/ Is that so?,（真的？）,Im really tired.,（我可真累了。）,Oh dear! / Good heavens!,（哎呀！,/,天哪,!,）,Thats nice /wonderful/ great!,（真好,!,）,例题讲解,1,）,You know, I have three kids now., _,A. Well, Ive grown a mustache.,B. Thats terrific!,C. Say, youve really changed your hair.,D. Well, I gave up drinking.,答案：,B,。,33,2,）, Tom said that his boy fell off the tree.,.,A. Oh dear! I hope he wasnt hurt,B. Oh, no. A lucky boy,C. He might have broken his arm,D. Nothing serious,答案：,A,。,34,（二） 日常情景对话,1,、约会,Id like to make an appointment (with ),（我想跟,预约）,Id like to meet you on Monday.,（我想周一与您会面。）,How about Wednesday afternoon?,（周三下午怎么样？）,例题讲解, Good morning, Prof. Qins office. Can I help you?,.,A. Youre welcome,B. Id like to make an appointment, please,C. Yes, go ahead,D. Yes, you can,答案：,B,。,35,2,、打电话,Hello! May/Could/Can I speak to ? (,你好！请找,接电话好吗,?),This is (speaking). Speaking. (,我就是,，请讲。,),Who is that (speaking)? (,你是哪位,?),Hold on, please. /One moment. Ill get him/her. (,请稍等，我去叫他,/,她。,),Sorry, he isnt here. (,对不起，他不在。,),Can I take a message for you? (,我能替你捎个话吗,?),Im afraid youve got the wrong number. (,我想你拨错号码了。,),例题讲解, Could I speak to Don Watkins, please?, _,A. Im listening. B. Oh, how are you?,C. Speaking, please. D. Im Don.,答案：,C,。,36,3,、问路,Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to ?,Excuse me, where is / how can I get to?,（打扰一下，请问去,怎么走呢？）,Go up (down) the street.,（顺着街道往上,/,下走。）,Turn left/right.,（向左,/,右转。）,Go straight until you see ,（往前直走直到你看见,）,Its on the right (left) corner just ahead.,（在前面右边,/,左边转角处。）,Sorry, I dont know.,（对不起，我不知道。）,Sorry, Im a stranger here.,（对不起，我不熟悉这里。）,37,2,）, Are there any drug-stores around here?, _,A. Yes, there is one on the left corner. B. Yes, it is.,C. No, it isnt.D. Youre welcome.,例题讲解,1,）, Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office?, _,A. Dont ask that. B. Sorry, Im a stranger here.,C. No, I cant say that. D. No, youre driving too fast.,答案：,B,。,答案：,A,。,38,4,、询问事物,Is this seat taken?,（这座有人吗？）,Who is the man over there?,（那边的男人是谁？）,When are you leaving for Beijing?,（你什么时候去北京？）,How long does it take to get here?,（到这要多长时间？）,How often do you play basketball?,（你多久打一次篮球？）,How many students are there in your class?,（你班有多少名学生？）,例题讲解,1,）, Paul,?, Oh, thats my father! And beside him, my mother.,A. what is the person over there B. whos talking over there,C. what are they doing D. which is that,答案：,B,。,39,2,）, How often do you go dancing?, _,A. I will go dancing tomorrow. B. Yesterday.,C. Every other day. D. Ive been dancing for a year.,3,）, Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water?, _,A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind.,B. Sorry, I dont like neither.,C. Certainly, why not?,D. Yes, we like these two places.,答案：,C,。,答案：,A,。,40,4,）, Must I take a taxi?, No, you,. You can take my car.,A. had better to B. dont,C. must not D. dont have to,解析：,Must,表示“必须、必要”。在回答,must,引出的问句时，肯定回答为：,Yes, you must.,Yes, I am afraid you must.,否定回答为：,No, you neednt.,No, you dont have to.,No, you dont need to.,I dont think you need.,I dont think you have to.,因此选,D,。,41,5,、天气,How is the weather today,？,/ Whats the weather like today?,(,今天天气怎么样,?),How is the weather in Shanghai? (,上海的天气怎么样？,),Its rather warm/hot/cold/rainy/cloudy/windy.,(,非常温暖,/,热,/,冷,/,下雨,/,多云,/,有风。,),例题讲解, Whats the weather like in your hometown?,.,A. Its a nice place,B. I like the food there,C. He asks me whether I like the weather,D. Its cold in winter and hot in summer,答案：,D,。,42,6,、交通,The traffic is heavy.,（交通很堵。）,Here comes a taxi.,（来了一辆出租车。）,Which bus goes to ?,（哪路公车到,？）,Does the bus go to ?,（这路公车到,吗？）,Excuse me, where is the subway?,（打扰一下，地铁在哪？）,例题讲解, Excuse me, which bus goes to the port?,.,A. The subway is over there B. You can take No. 102 bus,C. It takes a long timeD. Its wonderful,答案：,B,。,43,7,、购物,Can/May I help you?/ What can I do for you? (,你想买点什么,?),I want . /Id like to buy . /I need (,我想买,),Thanks. Im just having a look. (,谢谢，我只是看看。,),例题讲解, What can I do for you?, _,A. I want a kilo of pears.B. You can do in your own way.,C. Thanks.D. Excuse me. Im busy.,答案：,A,。,44,8,、就餐,What would you like (to have)?,Would you like something (to eat/ to drink)?,(,您想吃点,/,喝点什么吗,?),Are you ready to order?(,可以点餐了吗,?),Id like (,我想要,),How would you like your beef? (,您的牛排想要几分熟？,),No, thanks. (,不用，谢谢。,),例题讲解,1,）, Please help yourself to the seafood., _,A. No, I cant. B. Sorry, I cant help.,C. Well, seafood doesnt suit for. D. Thanks, but I dont like the seafood.,答案：,D,。,45,2,）, Would you like to order now?, _.,A. Im full now B. Yes. Id like fish and soup,C. But the price is high D. Its very kind of you,答案：,B,。,46,9,、旅游,What/How about your trip/journey to? (,旅行如何,?),It went very well. / Its very interesting. (,挺好的。,/,挺有趣的。,),Do you need a single ticket or return ticket? (,你要单程票还是往返票？,),Id like to book a flight to Beijing. (,我想订一张去北京的机票。,),May I cash some money? (,我能兑换些钱吗？,),例题讲解, How was your trip to London, Jane?, _,A. Oh, wonderful indeed.B. I went there alone.,C. The guide showed me the way.D. By plane and by bus.,答案：,A,。,47,10,、健康,Whats the matter/problem? (,你哪儿不舒服,?),I feel terrible. (,我觉得不舒服。,),Theres something wrong with my leg. (,我腿出了的点问题。,),Ive got a high temperature. (,我发烧。,),Nothing serious.,(,没什么问题。,),How many pills should I take? (,我应该吃多少片？,),Take this medicine three times a day. (,一天吃三次药。,),Just have a rest and drink more water. (,注意休息，多喝水。,),Do more exercise. (,多做运动。,),48,例题讲解,1) How are you feeling?, Much better. _,A. Thanks for coming to see me. B. You look great.,C. You are so kind. D. Dont mention it.,2) Doctor, I dont feel well., _,A. You are fine. B. It doesnt matter.,C. Whats the matter? D. Dont take it seriously.,答案：,A,。,答案：,C,。,49,第二部分：,阅读理解,阅读是包括,2,篇短文，,10,个小题，总共,30,分，这部分分值占了总分,30%,。,统考试题的阅读部分中，问题的考查题型可分为细节题、词义题、主旨题、推理题、正误判断题和观点态度题，而其中细节题所占的比例最大。,一、阅读方法,首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，找出题干中的关键词，明确需要解决的问题，这样阅读的目的就很明确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型。,50,略读（,Skimming,）,：是一种非常实用的快速阅读技能，是指以尽可能快的阅读速度，有选择性地获得文章大意与信息，某些部分可以不读。略读时，因为速度快，理解水平略低是预料中的事情，开始时平均理解率达到,50%,就可以了，在经常的练习中会逐渐地提高。,略读可以运用下列技巧：,(1),以一般阅读速度，阅读文章开头的第一段和结尾段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。,(2),阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。,(3),注意转折词和序列词。转折词如,however, moreover, in addition,等；序列词,firstly, secondly,等。,(4),若无需要，不必阅读细节。,51,查读（,Scanning,）,：也是一种快速阅读技巧。熟练的读者善于运用查读获得具体信息，以提高阅读效率。查读通常是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一特定信息，如人物，事件，时间，地点，数字等，与所查信息无关的内容可以一掠而过。运用这种方法，读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。这种方法主要用于做细节题。,细读（,Reading for full understanding,）,：这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题。对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲。,52,二、阅读题类型及相应的应答技巧,（一）细节题：,此类题大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，主要考查对文章某些事实和数据的掌握，这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到，所以解题时可以采用查读的方法。此类题的主要提问方式有：,(1) When did this story happen?,(2) Where did they find the man?,(3) How many people were killed in the accident?,53,（二）词义题,此类型题的常见命题方式有：,(1) The phrase “” in the context means .,(2) The word “” most nearly means .,(3) Which of the following is closest to the word “” in paragraph 2?,这要求考生具有根据构词法或上下文猜测词汇或短语的能力。在做阅读题时，考生不可能知道所有词汇的意义，不可避免会遇到不认识的词汇或固定短语。只要生词不多，考生通过提高自己的猜词能力，同样可以理解一个句子、一个段落，乃至一篇文章的含义。,54,三种猜词技巧：,1.,通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,通过同义词猜词，一是要看由,and,或,or,连接的同义词词组；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如,Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.,此句中的,Venus (,金星,),、,Mars (,火星,),、,Jupiter (,木星,),均为生词，但只要知道,planets,就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如,but, while, however,等；二是看与,not,搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：,He is so homely,，,not as handsome as his brother.,根据,not as handsome as .,我们不难推测出,homely,的意思，即“不英俊、相貌平庸”的意思。,55,2.,通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,例如：,But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, called drought.,从,drought,所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即,drought,，由此可见,drought,意思为“旱灾”。,3.,通过描述猜词,描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.,从例句的描述中可以得知,penguin,是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。,56,（三）主旨题,：,主要的目的是考查对文章的主题思想以及作者的写作意图的理解能力。比如会经常出现下列提问形式：,(1) Which of the following is the main point of the passage?,(2) The author is primarily concerned with _.,(3) What is the passage about?,(4) The best title for this passage is _.,考生应当排除文中的次要观点，归纳和总结其中的主要观点或中心思想，或者基本目标。最有效的办法是找出主题句,(Topic sentence),。一篇文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：,（,1,）主题句在段首或篇首。,主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。,57,（,2,）主题句在段末或篇末。,用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。,（,3,）无主题句,有时一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。,58,（四）推理题：,这类题目考查学生理解上下文之间的逻辑关系并根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申的能力。此类型题的常见命题方式有：,（,1,）,The passage implies that _.,（,2,）,It can be inferred from the passage that _.,（,3,）,Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?,它要求考生能推断话语中深层含义或弦外之音。因此考生要学会理解作者的内涵和反义，或者作者选用某一词语的比喻用法。,59,（五）正误判断题,解答判断题时首先要找出问题或选项中的关键词，然后略读文章，找出这些词所在的位置，再详细读这些句子。此类型题的常见命题方式有：,(1) Which of the following is right?,(2) Which of the f