ElectronicReservesPracticesandConcerns电子教学参考服

,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Electronic Reserves:,Practices and Concerns,电子教学参考服务：实践与困扰,Shuqin Jiao,Pius XII Memorial Library,Saint Louis University,October 2008,1,What is Reserve Services,Lost in Translation,预存服务,(,必須科目用参考図書),- ALA Multilingual Glossary,教师指定参考书,国立台湾大学,Taiwan University,教学参考信息系统,清华大学,Qinghua University,教学参考系统,厦门大学,Xiamen University,高校教学参考信息管理与服务系统,- CALIS,2,What is Reserve Services,High-Demanded Materials,高需求读物,Short Loan,短期出借,Faculty Recommended Materials,教师提供的教学读物,Close Stack,闭架管理,Dynamic,随课季变动,3,Brief History,历史回顾,(,一,),The Era of “Originals”: 1870s-1939,原作时代,Harvard College (Cited in,Library Journal ,1938),哈佛大学,- 1878 (,图书馆期刊,1938,）,Issues,议题,Duplicate copies or not ?,购买复本？,Rental Collections,租借图书,4,Brief History,历史回顾,(,二,),The Rise of the Copy Machine : 1940-1975,文献复制时代,“ A new method of Photography” ( New York Times, Nov. 22, 1940),一种新的照相技术（纽约时报，,1940,年,11,月,22,日）,Xerox 914,型复印机 （,1959,）,Issues: Copyright Law,版权问题,5,Brief History,历史回顾,(,三,),The World of Copyright,版权世界,Copyright and Fair Use 1976-1991,版权和公平使用,The 1976 Copyright Law Revision,版权法修改,Section 107: Fair Use,公平使用,Section 108: Reproduction by Libraries,图书馆文献复制,Classroom Guidelines,课堂指南*,Brevity, Spontaneity, Cumulative effects, and Copyright notice,简要、自发性、累积效应和版权告示,ALAs “Model Policy” 1978,美国图协模范政策,Kinkos,（,1991,）案例,6,Brief History,历史回顾,(,四,),Electronic Reserves (1991- ),电子教参服务,Early Experiments,实验初期,:1991-1994,Proliferation of Electronic Reserves,飞速增长,:1995-1999,Major issues,争论热点,Copyright or Copy Wrong,Fair or Not Fair,公平还是不公平 ？,7,Type of Reserves,教参类别,Traditional Reserves,传统教参服务,Print Reserves,Books, photocopies, audio-visual materials. (,图书，复印品，视听材料）,Automated Reserves,自动化预存系统,/,教学参考信息系统,Course Reserves (,课程信息目录）,Instructor,任课教师,Course,相关课程,Department,系别,List of Items,参考书目文献,Item records in the catalog,(,公共目录显示纸质,视听材料等）,Electronic Reserves,电子教参典藏,Three Types Coexist Currently,三者共存,8,Automated Reserves,自动化教参,Listed,in,OPAC,在图书馆公共目录显示,Searched by,Item Records,书目检索,Course Reserves (,教参课程）,Instructors name,教师姓名,Course number,课程代号,Department, etc.,系别等,Check out, check in, and track the status in Circulation system.,流通系统追踪材料使用状态,Vertical files,散页文件,9,Docutek,Screen shot,10,11,12,13,14,Electronic Reserves,System,电子教参系统,R,eserve materials are stored in electronic/digital format,，,typically pdf.,教参资料以电子,/,数字化形式储存,24/7,access,随时获取,Statistics,提供统计数据,Copyright Clearance Center,版权使用主管中心,15,Docutek,Screen shot,16,17,18,19,20,21,The Educational Software Program/ Courseware,与教学软件的区别,Some electronic reserves system functions,Blackboard “,黑板”, WebCT,有些教学软件有电子教参功能,Go beyond the storage and retrieval of readings,大于存储检索功能,Course management functions,课程管理功能,online quizzes,网络考试,Record keeping for grades,记录成绩,Interactive features chat, posting,互动功能：聊天室，留言板,other course materials,audio/video streams,音频， 视频等,22,Why E-Reserves?,电子教参工作流程,Electronic Reserves,1. Instructor submits materials for reserve,2. library processes materials for scanning,3. library processes copyright clearance,4. library scans and mounts materials on server,Rosedale, J (2002) P.24-25,Traditional Reserves,1. Instructor submits materials for reserve,2. Library processes materials for circulation,3. Library processes copyright clearance,4. library files materials for access,5. library makes materials available for checkout,6. Students request materials at desk,7. Library retrieves materials,8. Library checks out materials out to student,9. Student uses materials,10. Student returns materials to desk,11. library files materials,12 repeat steps 6-11,23,24,Statistics,Five-year (insert screen shot),25,SLU Current Concerns,目前关切问题,Workflow,工作流程,Rush time,开学尖峰,Faculty self-services,教师自助,Co,urseware ERes module,教学软件教参功能,Copyright expenses,版权花费,Multimedia?,多媒体材料,Fair Use,公平使用,26,Policy and guidelines,政策和指南,Copyright Guidelines for determining fair use are as follows.,the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;,the nature of the copyrighted work,-,factual or non-fiction works vs. highly creative works such as art, music, or novels;,the amount and substantiality of the portion used,in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and,the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.,*,Check List,*,27,Copyright and Fair Use,版权和公平使用,Copyright and Fair Use 1976-1991,版权和公平使用,The 1976 Copyright Law Revision,版权法修改,Section 107: Fair Use,合法使用,Section 108: Reproduction by Libraries,图书馆文献复制,Classroom Guidelines,课堂指南*,Brevity, Spontaneity, Cumulative effects, and Copyright notice,简要、自发性、累积效应和版权告示,ALAs “Model Policy” 1978,美国图协模范政策,Kinkos,（,1991,）案例,28,Section 107: Fair Use,版权法,107,条：公平使用,The Fair-Use Statute Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976.Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use,Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified in that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include:,The purpose and character of the use,including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;,The nature,of the copyrighted work;,The amount and substantiality,of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and,The effect,of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work,.,The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.,29,版权法,107,条：公平,/,合理使用,版权作品的合理使用，包括复制成拷贝或录音带、或用该条款规定的其他手段作批评、评论、新闻报道、教学（包括在课堂上使用多份拷贝）、学术研究等使用，决不是对版权的侵权。审定特定情况下作品的使用是否为合理使用，需要考虑如下要素：,（1）使用的目的和性质，包括这种使用是否带有商业性质，,或者是 否为非盈利性的教育目的；,（2）版权作品的性质；,（3）被使用部分的数量和实质，与整部版权作品作比较；,（4）使用对版权作品的潜在市场或价值产生的影响。,作品还尚未出版，这种情况自身不能阻止对合理使用的调查，如果这种调查是依据上述所有要素进行的。,30,Key Court Case Summaries on Fair Use,Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinkos Graphics Corp.,758 F.Supp. 1522 (S.D.N.Y. 1991).,Kinkos was held to be infringing copyrights when it photocopied book chapters for sale to students as coursepacks for their university classes.,Purpose:,When conducted by Kinkos, the copying was for commercial purposes, and not for educational purposes.,Nature:,Most of the works were factualhistory, sociology, and other fields of studya factor which weighed in favor of fair use.,Amount:,The court analyzed the percentage of each work, finding that five to twenty-five percent of the original full book was excessive.,Effect:,The court found a direct effect on the market for the books, because the coursepacks competed directly with the potential sales of the original books as assigned reading for the students.,Conclusion:,Three of the four factors leaned against fair use. The court specifically refused to rule that all coursepacks are infringements, requiring instead that each item in the anthology be subject individually to fair-use scrutiny.,31,C,opyright and Intellectual Property,版权与知识产权,（一）,Negotiation (,协商）,CONFU (Conference on Fair Use),，,1994,公平使用大会,Publishers v. Librarians,出版商图书馆员之争,The Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights in the Electronic Environment,（,green paper, July 1994),电子环境下的知识产权工作组,Back ground:,Distant Learning,远距离教学,Multimedia,多媒体,Electronic Reserves,电子教参,Interlibrary Loan,馆际互借,Image Collections,图片,32,C,opyright and Intellectual Property,版权与知识产权,（二）,Litigation,诉讼打官司,Texaco,（,1994,）,American Geophysical Union,Michigan Document Services,（,1996,）,Princeton University Press,33,C,opyright and Intellectual Property,版权与知识产权,(,三）,Legislation (,立法）,1998 DMCA (,Digital Millennium Copyright Act,),千年数码版权法案,2002 TEACH Act (,Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization,Act),技术、教育和版权和谐法案,34,E- Reserves Cases,电子教参近期案例,2006 Cornell vs. APP,(Association of American Publishers),Cornell Electronic Reserves Guidelines*,2008 Georgia State E-reserves Lawsuit,35,F,uture of the e-Reserves,电子教参的前景与未来,Libraries will no longer provide course reserves,不再提供教参服务,Libraries will offer only very limited course reserve services,有限地提供教参课程服务,Libraries will offer expanded, multi-faceted course reserve services,更广泛多面性服务,Austin (2004),36,Reference and Handouts,参考读物,Reference,参考读物,Austin, Brice (2004). Reserves, Electronic Reserves and Copyright: The past and the future. Haworth. 106 p.,Rosedale, Jeff (ed.) (2002). Managing Electronic Reserves. American Library Association. 196p.,Leonhardt, Thomas W. (2006). Handbook of Electronic and Digital Acquisitions. Haworth. 160 p,Handouts,发放材料,Classroom Guidelines,SLU Reserve Guidelines and Procedures,Copyright Check list,Cornell Electronic Policy,37,Questions,？问答,38,