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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,、名词的单、复数,;,2,、可数与不可数名词的转换；,3,、名词作定语；,4,、名词的搭配,;,5,、动词变名词或形容词变名词,高考考点分析,1,1、名词的单、复数;高考考点分析1,名词的单复数,2,名词的单复数2,可数名词有单数和复数两,种形式。 可数名,词复数的规则变化有以下情况：,1,一般情况，直接加,-s,：,e.g. port-ports,，,technique-techniques,，,hen-hens, hat-hats,2,以,s, x, ch, sh,结尾发,s,、,、,t,、,d,音的词，加,es,：,e.g. busbuses, boxboxes, bushbushes, branchbranches,注：,stomachstomachs,（,stomach,词尾发,/k/,，故复数直接加,-s,）,3,辅音字母,+ y,，变,y,为,i,，加,-es,：,e.g. universityuniversities, city-cities,story- stories,元音字母,+ y,，直接加,-s,：,e.g. boyboys, day-days,特例：,Henry,（亨利）,-Henrys, Mary- Marys, stand-by,（备用的人或物）,-stand-bys, penny,（便士）,-pennies / pence,4,以,o,结尾 加,-es,：,e.g. NegroNegroes,heroheroes, tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes, volcano-volcanoes, mosquito,（蚊子）,-mosquitoes,echo,（回音）,-echoes,加,-s,：,e.g.zoozoos, kangaroo-kangaroos, studio-studios,radioradios, pianopianos,3,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 可数名词复数的规则变化有以下,photophotos, bamboo-bamboos, hippo,（河马）,-hippos,tobacco,（烟叶）,-tobaccos, kilo,（千克）,-kilos, auto,（汽车）,-autos,特例：,motto,（座右铭，箴言）,-mottos / mottoes,，,zero-zeros / zeroes,5,以,f,或,fe,结尾，变,f,或,fe,为,v,，再加,-es,：,e.g. leafleaves, wifewives, thief-thieves, half-halves,特例：,beliefbeliefs, roofroofs, proofproofs, safesafes,（保险柜），,cliff,（悬崖）,-cliffs chiefchiefs,，,gulfgulfs,（海湾）,serf,（农奴）,-serfs, staff,（工作人员）,-staffs, cafe,（咖啡馆）,-cafes,grief,（悲痛的事）,-griefs handkerchief,（手帕）,- handkerchiefs / handkerchieves, s,carf,（围巾）,- scarfs / scarves,，,4,photophotos, bamboo-bamboos,问题,1,：,- How many,does a cow have?,- Four.,A,stomachesB,stomach,C,stomachsD,stomachies,以,s, sh, ch, x,等结尾的名词变复数时加,es,；但如果以,ch,结尾的名词发音为,k,时，只加,s,。,另外，以辅音字母,+y,结尾的名词变复数时，需将,y,变成,i,，再加,-es,；以元音字母,+y,结尾的则直接加,-s,。以辅音字母加,y,结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加,-s,。,5,问题1： 以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的,问题,3,：,When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing.,A,sheeps B,sheepes C,sheep D,sheepies,当,sheep; deer; fish,表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加,s,或,es,。 单复数同形的名词有：,deer,，,sheep,，,fish,，,Chinese,，,Japanese, Swiss,works, means, head,6,问题3： 当sheep; deer; fis,问题,4,：,Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.,A,GermanB,Germen,C,GermansD,Germens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：,1,、单复数同形：,Chinese; Japanese; Swiss,2,、需要变形：,English - Englishman,3,、加,s,或,-es,：,German Germans,详见下表。,7,问题4：国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：7,问题,6,：,Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school.,A,brothers-in-lawB,brother-in-laws,C,brothers-in-lawsD,brothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：,managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law,。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加,s,。如：,grown-ups,。,8,问题6：以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：,二、抽象名词的具体化,表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。例如：,9,二、抽象名词的具体化9,名词作定语,10,名词作定语10,问题,1,The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01,北京春季,),A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop,C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop,名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。,1),用复数作定语。 如：,sports meeting,运动会,students reading-room,学生阅览室,talks table,谈判桌,the foreign languages department,外语系,2),有些原有,s,结尾的名词，作定语时，,s,保留。 如：,goods train (,货车,) arms produce,武器生产,customs papers,海关文件,clothes brush,衣刷,11,问题1名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数,问题,3,：,There are only twelve _ in the hospital.,A,woman doctors B,women doctors,C,women doctor D,woman doctor,man, woman, gentleman,等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：,a man worker men workers,a woman teacher women teachers,a gentleman official gentlemen officials,12,问题3： man, woman, gentle,四、名词的固定搭配,主要考查名词的一些固定结构在具体语境中的选择和运用。做此类题目的时候,一要看懂句子的意思,二要牢记短语的含义以及在不同语境中的用法。,常考的名词固定搭配：,have/gain access to,可以获得,take. . . into account,考虑,gain/have an advantage over,胜过,优于,13,四、名词的固定搭配13,pave the way for,为,铺平道路,make fun of,取笑,嘲弄,take advantage of,利用,趁,之机,make the best of,充分利用,妥善处理,put in order,整理,检修,play a part/role in,在,起作用,catch sight of,发现,突然看见,on condition that,在,条件下,14,pave the way for,考点五：词类转换,15,考点五：词类转换15,.,词类转换,【,考点,】,词类转换多以派生词变化为主。,动词,名词,Instruct,instruction (s),形容词,名词,wide,width,16,.词类转换动词名词Instruct instruct,1.,由动词派生的名词,1. All peace-loving people demand the complete,prohibition,and thorough,destruction,（,destroy) of nuclear weapons.,一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。,2. Chinas successful,explosion (explode),of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout the world.,中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。,17,1.由动词派生的名词 1. All peace-lovin,2.,动词转变成名词,applyapplicant/applicationadmission,advertiseadvertisement,agreeagreement,accomplishaccomplishment,achieveachievement,apologizeapology,appearappearance,applyapplicant/application,apologizeapology,appearappearance,18,2.动词转变成名词applyapplicant/appli,2.,形容词转变成名词,kind kindness fair fairnes,different difference,curiositycurious,benefitbeneficial,fluencyfluent,bravebravery,impossible/possible,（反）,impossibly/possibility,（反）,19,2. 形容词转变成名词kind kindness,语法填空句子专项练习,:,1,Father went to his doctor for_ (advise) about his heart trouble,2. There are ten_ (woman) teachers and two hundred _,(girl) students in the school,3. Facing cut-throat,_,(compete) in all subjects, students must,devote as much of their time as possible.,4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _ (exist) of,the word “failure”.,5. Youll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret,other,_,(people).,6. Not long ago he sent _ (word) that he would return with his family.,7. She was in London and spent her _ (young) in China.,8. The _ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes,in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise.,9. His _ (curious) made him wonder about clouds.,10. Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays, all of,_,(Shakespeare) greatest poems are sonnet.,advice,women,girl,competition,existence,people,word,youth,eruption,curiosity,Shakespeares,20,语法填空句子专项练习 :advicewomen,girlco,11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because,of the steady _ (grow) of bigger languages.,12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes,may all cause,_,(ill).,13. Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or _,(sleep) after taking the medicine. 1,4. I saw many,_,(Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.,15. You should take more,_,(exercise). Dont always sit at the desk,busy doing your,_,(exercise).,illnesses,growth,sleeplessness,Japanese,exercise,exercises,21,11. The number of languages is,
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