重庆专升本英语课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,授课计划,总共分为,10,次课,授课计划 总共分为10次课,1,第一部分语法基础,&,词汇基础,第一，二，三次课：,语法基础,内容：时态；主谓一致； 非谓语动词形式；从句；情态动词；虚拟语气等,第四，五次课：词汇部分，讲词汇短语，强调固定搭配,第一部分语法基础&词汇基础第一，二，三次课：语法基础,2,听力,第六次课：听力部分,听力题型、 解题方法，听力基本内容和关键词,基础材料,2,上面的听力（,13,），其余部分学生自己下去听。,听力第六次课：听力部分,3,阅读理解,第七，八次课：阅读理解,阅读的题型，解题技巧，猜词技巧，长句分析。练习：,test1-3.,后面的学生自己做,。,阅读理解第七，八次课：阅读理解,4,翻译与摘要写作,第九次课：,前半部分讲翻译技巧,:,翻译选择和主观翻译题。,后半部分讲摘要写作,Summary writing,翻译与摘要写作 第九次课：,5,应用文写作,第十次课：讲应用文写作,applied writing,强调各种作文格式,应用文写作第十次课：讲应用文写作applied writin,6,考试题型和分值说明：,英语专业考生,大学英语,总分为,120,分,非英语专业考生,大学英语,总分为,100,分,考试题型和分值说明：英语专业考生大学英语总分为120分,7,第一题：听力（短对话,5,个；长对话,2,个，,5,个问题；听短文填空,5,个单词）共,15,分，每题,1,分,第一题：听力（短对话5个；长对话2个，5个问题；听短文填空5,8,第二部分：语法和词汇（,10,个小题，共,10,分，全部为选择题）,第二部分：语法和词汇（10个小题，共10分，全部为选择题）,9,第三部分：阅读理解（共,4,篇，前两篇为选择题，难度相当于大学英语,4,级，后面,1,篇为阅读后回答问题，,1,篇为阅读填空。）共,40,分，每小题,2,分,第三部分：阅读理解（共4篇，前两篇为选择题，难度相当于大学英,10,第四部分：翻译题，翻译选择,4,个题，,8,分，主观翻译题,7,分。,第五部分：写作,Task 1 summary writing 10,分,Task 2 Applied writing 10,分,第四部分：翻译题，翻译选择4个题，8分，主观翻译题7分。,11,附加题：（英语专业学生做）,Task1 Close (,选择填空,) 10,个空，,10,分,Task 2 Correction,改错，,10,个题，,10,分,附加题：（英语专业学生做）,12,整个考试在答卷上需要填涂：,英语专业 非英语专业,考川外的英语专业的学生需要加试口语，还要看英语成绩。考其他学校英语专业，不加试。,整个考试在答卷上需要填涂：,13,语 法,语法框架：,名词：名词的类别；名词的数冠词：不定冠词，定冠词的用法,形容词，副词,：功能；位置；比较级，最高级,语 法语法框架：,14,代词,：人称代词，物主代词，指示代,词，疑 问代词，不定代词，,关系代词,数词：基数词，序数词，时间，货币,单位表达等,连词：表并列，转折，因果等,介词：介词短语，固定搭配等,代词：人称代词，物主代词，指示代,15,动词时态和语态,助动词和情态动词,非谓语动词虚拟语气,动词时态和语态助动词和情态动词非谓语动词虚拟语气,16,句子成分,简单句和并列句,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,句子成分,17,复合句,形容词性从句：定语从句,名词性从句：主、表、宾、同位语从句,副词性从句：状语从句,复合句,18,倒装,直接引语和间接引语,一致关系,强调结构,倒装直接引语和间接引语一致关系,19,一.典型时态和特殊用法,一.典型时态和特殊用法,20,（动词的）时态,时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)：,（动词的）时态时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时,21,一,般,一般现在时,d,o / does,一般过去时,did,一般将来时,will do,过去将来时,would do,一 般,22,进,行,现在进行时,is /am/are doing,过去进行时,Was/ were doing,将来进行时,will be doing,过去将来进行时,would be doing,进 行,23,完,成,现在完成时,Have/has done,过去完成时,had done,将来完成时,will have done,过去将来完成时,would have done,完 成,24,完 成 进 行,现在完成进行时,Have/has been doing,过去完成进行时,had been doing,将来完成进行时,will have been doing,过去将来完成进行时,would have been doing,完 成 进 行,25,【注】构成时态的助动词,be (is, am, are), do/ does, have /has, shall, will,等需根据主语的变化来选择。,【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), d,26,1.,一般现在时,(1).,表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常与,usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year/ once a week, every 3 days,等时间状语连用。,1. 一般现在时,27,He,often,does,his homework by himself.,I surf the internet,once a week.,一般现在时态的第三人称单数，后面的谓语动词,以,do,为例，,要加,-s,或,-es,。,He often does his homework,28,(2).,表示在一个具体的现在时间或最近的行为或动作、状态；,e.g. Here,comes,the bus.,Where,is,he now?,(2). 表示在一个具体的现在时间或最近的行为或动作、状态；,29,(3),表示主语当前职业，爱好；特征，性格，能力等,e.g.,我是一名大学生,I,m,a college student.,He,has,great concern for others.,(3)表示主语当前职业，爱好；特征，性格，能力等,30,(4).,表示客观规律或科学真理、格言,以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。,The teacher told us that the earth,moves,round the sun.,Japan,lies,to the east of China.,(4). 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限,31,（,5,）一般现在时的其他用法,1,）,表示安排或计划好的将来动作,e.g. The train starts at nine oclock.,2),在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作,（5）一般现在时的其他用法,32,由,when, as soon as, before, after, as, until,等引导的时间状语从句以及由,if, unless, as long as, in case,等引导的条件状语从句不能直接用将来时态，遇此情况英语习惯上用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：,由when, as soon as, before, af,33,趁早动手，免得忘了。,误：,Do it before you will forget.,正：,Do it before you forget.,趁早动手，免得忘了。,34,我到达那儿后就给你写信。,误：,I,ll write to you after I will get there.,正：,I,ll write to you after I get there.,我到达那儿后就给你写信。,35,如果他来，请告诉我一声。,误：,In case he will come, let me know.,正：,In case he comes, let me know.,练习题,66,如果他来，请告诉我一声。,36,2.,（资料,5,）一般过去时：,1,）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。,.,常与过去时间时间状语：,yesterday, last Monday, the other day, 2 days ago, long before, the next day, then,等连用。,2. （资料5）一般过去时：,37,e.g. I,told,you the story the other day.,She,went,to the zoo yesterday,.,e.g. I told you the story the,38,他两年前买了这辆车,He,bought,the car,two years ago.,他刚才还在这儿呢！,He,was,here,just now,.,他两年前买了这辆车,39,你小时候住在那儿？,Where,did,you live,when you were young?,你小时候住在那儿？,40,不规则动词：,资料,原形,过去式,过去分词,hanghangedhanged,（绞死）,hunghung,（悬挂）,lie laylain,lay laidlaid,bind boundbound,wind woundwound,grind groundground,costcostcost,不规则动词： 资料,41,2,） 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。,He said when she came he would tell her,.,2） 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。,42,3.,一般将来时,（资料,2,）,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。,He,will,go to London tomorrow.,I,shall,not be free tonight.,3. 一般将来时（资料2）,43,(,第一人称后接“,shall +,动词原形， 第二，三人称后接,will+,动词原形,在美国英语中则不论是第几人称，一律后接,will+,动词原形）,看资料,p 2:,一般将来时,:,( 第一人称后接“ shall +动词原形， 第二，三人称后,44,常用来表示将来时的结构包括：,（,1,）,shall / will +,动词原形：（单纯） 表将来,一般不用于条件句。,（,2,）,be going to +,动词原形：（计划）打算做,。,（,3,）,be about to +,动词原形：即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与,when,引导的从句连用。,常用来表示将来时的结构包括：,45,（,4,）,be to +,动词原形：预定要做,。,（,5,）,be doing,表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与,go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move,等表位移的动词连用。,（4） be to + 动词原形：预定要做。,46,5,）表示什么事情即将，马上就要发生：,e.g. The lecture is about to begin.,补充：,be to +,动词原形：预定，安排要做， 或要求命令某人去做。,e.g. You are not to bring any books to the exam-room.,5）表示什么事情即将，马上就要发生：,47,4.,(,资料没有,),现在进行时,构成形式：,be+ ving(,现在分词,),第一人称单数：,am +,现在分词,第三人称单数：,is +,现在分词,其余人称：,are +,现在分词,4. (资料没有)现在进行时,48,1.,表示现在 （说话瞬间） 正在进行或发生的动作。,He is reading a newspaper now,.,2.,表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 （说话时动作不一定正在进行）。,What are you doing these days?,重庆专升本英语课件,49,3.,表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于,go, come, leave, start, arrive,等表“移动”、“方向”的词。,例句, He is coming to see me next week.,3. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, co,50,5.,（资料,3,） 现在完成时,:,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,例句, Have you had your supper yet? Yes, I have just had it.,主语,+ have / has +,过去分词,+,其他成分。,5.（资料3） 现在完成时:,51,e.g.,我已经学了十年英语了。,I have studied English,for ten years.,比较：,I studied English,last year.,是谁把门打开了？,(,指看见门开着,),Who,has opened,the door?,e.g. 我已经学了十年英语了。,52,2),现在完成时态的时间状语常用：,for 4 years (,谓语动词必须是延长性的,),，,so far / by now / until present, (,到目前为止,),，,since +,过去时间（或过去时态的状语从句）,recently, lately (,最近,),，,just (,刚刚,),2) 现在完成时态的时间状语常用：for 4 years (,53,. He has,just,come back.(,表示动作现在刚刚完成,),She,has never called on,me,since,she,moved,to the country.,注意：,just now, ago,用在过去时态中。,. e.g. I saw him just now,. He has just come back.( 表示动作,54,3,）资料,4,）,资料,5),用在时间、条件状语从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。,Ill tell him after you have left.,练习题,95,3）资料,55,【补充两个重要考点】,将来完成时态的用法,:,说明将来某时刻以前动作完成的情况。,e.g. By the end of this year, they,will have finished,the construction of the road.,练习题,41,，模拟,1/22,【补充两个重要考点】,56,将来进行时态的用法,:,表示将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作、行为。,e.g. He,will be reading,at 8:00am tomorrow.,重庆专升本英语课件,57,6.（资料4） 现在完成进行时:,现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,说话的时候还在进行，而且可能还要继续下去, 通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: All the morning, for hours, since this morning,6.（资料4） 现在完成进行时:,58,构成形式：,第三人称单数：,has +been+ v +ing (,现在分词）,其余人称：,have +been+ v +ing (,现在分词）,构成形式：,59,He has been writing letters,since this morning,.,他已经等了三个小时了。,He,has been waiting,for three hours.,He has been writing letters s,60,补充：,现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：,1.,强调动作还未结束时,多用现在完成进行时；强调,动作的结果,时,多用现在完成时。,2.,有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中，但可用在现在完成时中。如：,have, love, see,等。,补充：现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：,61,例句：,She has had a cold for a week.,They have loved each other for three years.,I have seen this movie.,例句：,62,6.,过去完成时,:,资料,p3/ 6,补充例句：,The boy told the police that he had seen someone steal a bike.,6. 过去完成时: 资料p3/ 6,63,我们到火车站时，火车已经开走了。,The train had left before we got to /arrived at the station.,练习题,59, 68,我们到火车站时，火车已经开走了。,64,7.,其它要注意的时态,1),过去将来时,:,a.,由“,would+,动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情,(,尤其用于宾语从句中,),：,e.g.,他告诉我们他会帮助我们。,He told us he would help us.,7.其它要注意的时态,65,b.,用,was (were) going to,表示。表示过去某时准备做某事：,e.g. Marsha was going to stay with us.,练习题,48,66,2) 过去进行时,资料P4 /2）,3),2) 过去进行时,67,复习时态基本结构：,一般现在时,do/ does,现在进行时,is /am/ are doing,现在完成时,have/has done,现在完成进行时,have/has been doing,复习时态基本结构：,68,一般过去时,did,过去进行时,Was/ were doing,过去完成时,had done,过去完成进行时,had been doing,一般过去时,69,一般将来时,will do,将来进行时,will be doing,将来完成时,will have done,将来完成进行时,will have been doing,一般将来时,70,过去将来时,would do,过去将来进行时,would be doing,过去将来完成时,would have done,过去将来完成进行时,would have been doing,过去将来时,71,补充：被动语态,被动语态,the Passive Voice,是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受着，便于论述客观事实，常用于科技文章，新闻报道等，基本结构 ：,be+,动词的过去分词,补充：被动语态,72,被动语态,以,see,为例,一般现在时,see / sees am( is, are) +seen,一般过去时,saw was(were)+seen,一般将来时,will (shall) +see will(shall)+be+seen,被动语态 以see为例一般现在时,73,过去将来时,would (should) +see,would (should) +be +seen,现在进行时,am (is, are) + seeing,am (is, are)+ being +seen,过去将来时,74,过去进行时,was (were) +seeing,was (were) +being +seen,现在完成时,have (has) +seen,have (has)+ been +seen,过去进行时,75,过去完成时,had+seen,had+been+seen,含情态动词,情态动词,+see,情态动词,+be+seen,过去完成时,76,被动语态没有将来进行时，过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式,被动语态没有将来进行时，过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式,77,Computers are widely used in the world.,The car was seriously damaged.,这个问题现在正在会上讨论。,The question is being discussed at the meeting.,Computers are widely used in t,78,Two of the glasses were broken when they,were being washed,.,会议已经被推迟了,The meeting,has been put off,.,By the time of last month, he,had been robbed,three times.,Two of the glasses were broken,79,Hurry up, or the tickets,will have been sold out,by the time we get there.,Water,mustnt be wasted.,Hurry up, or the tickets will,80,资料,p4/ 8,9,10,11,12,练习题：,50/ 70,模拟,1/ p3/22, 35;,模拟,2/ p9 / 16,32,重庆专升本英语课件,81,II.,主语和谓语一致的重点,II. 主语和谓语一致的重点,82,1.,以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数动词,。,1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语,83,e.g,. To get a satisfactory job is not easy now.,What you said is true.,Writing stories and articles is what I enjoy most.,练习题,81,e.g. To get a satisfactory job,84,2.,事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称,(,专有名词,),用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,如,：,the United States,The New York Times,纽约时报,the Netherlands,荷兰,2. 事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词),85,The Summer Palace,is,one of Beijings finest parks.,The United Nations,is,a world organization.,The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.(,一千零一夜）,The United States was founded in 1776.,The Summer Palace is one of Be,86,* (,表示群岛，山脉等，以“,s”,结尾的专有名词往往用复数形式，谓语动词用复数。,),The Alps are in Europe.,* ( 表示群岛，山脉等，以“s” 结尾的专有名词往往,87,3.,表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语,习惯上用单数谓语动词。,如,: Two hundred pounds,is,nothing for me.,Thirty minutes,is,sufficient for me.,Another five weeks is necessary for us to finish the work.,3. 表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语,习惯,88,4,.,通常以“,-ics”,结尾的,表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,Physics was the only course she failed in.(,学科通常作单数看待。如：,politics, economics, physics,，,electronics,电子学,),4. 通常以“-ics” 结尾的表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词,89,5.,看资料,A love letter, together with some flowers,was sent,to her on the Valentines Day.,I think Tom, rather than you,is,to blame.,5. 看资料,90,6.,看资料,Neither of them,is,correct.,No one except my parents know,s,anything about it.,Everything,is,going well.,万事如意,6. 看资料,91,有人在吗？,Is anyone here?,有人把钥匙丢了。,Somebody has lost his keys.,练习题,18,有人在吗？,92,7.,看资料,No teacher and no student was present.,Many a student and teacher has seen the film.,练习题,12,7. 看资料,93,More than one worker has been dismissed.,( more than one, many a ,尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。,),（,2,）,5/p28/21,题,More than one worker has been,94,His warmest admirer and severest critic is his wife.,(,并列主语指同一人,),His warmest admirer and sev,95,8.,用,and, both.and, both,(a) few, many, several,等谓语动词用复数。,如,: Few people know it.,Many,are,called but few,are,chosen.,8. 用and, both.and, both,(a),96,Both rice and cotton grow in abundance in this part of China.,中国这一地区盛产大米和棉花。,Both rice and cotton grow in a,97,9.,某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人谓语动词用复数。,如,: The aged,suffer,from various miseries in this country.,The young,are,mostly ambitious.,9. 某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人谓语动词用复数。,98,In that country, the rich become richer, the poor become poorer.,78,题,In that country, the rich beco,99,10,11,12,，,13,看资料,练习题,47.,真题,4 / 24,10,11,12，13 看资料,100,14.,补充例句,Four-fifths of the crop was ruined.,Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.,There,is,plenty of water in the lake.,There,are,plenty of books in the library.,14. 补充例句Four-fifths of the c,101,15.,补充例句,His family are all against him.,The whole family is watching TV now.,(,这类集体名词前如有,whole,修饰，往往表示整体，谓语动词用单数）,15. 补充例句His family are all ag,102,* 有些集体名词如：,cattle, people, police, youth,等，一般只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。,如,: The police are looking for the lost child.,The cattle are eating grass in the field.,* 有些集体名词如： cattle, people,103,The public are generous in,their,contributions to the earthquake victims.,89,题,The public are generous in the,104,16. 看资料,练习题：94,16. 看资料,105,VIII.,倒装语序,VIII. 倒装语序,106,基本语序,:,主语,+,谓语,He knew no one in Paris.,倒装有两种情况：,1,）,.,部分倒装,Never,have I seen,him before.,2,）,.,全部倒装,In came the headmaster.,基本语序: 主语 + 谓语 He knew no one i,107,1,完全倒装,1,）,. Here, There, Now, Out, In, Up, Down, Away, Off, Then,在,等副词开头的句子,全倒装。,如：,Down came the bird. / Here comes the bus.,1完全倒装1）. Here, There, Now, O,108,There,goes the bell,.,Out,rushed the teacher,.,Then,came a new difficulty,.,Now,comes your turn,.,There goes the bell.,109,注意：如果主语是代词就不倒装。,如,: Here you are.,There he comes.,Out,it comes,.,注意：如果主语是代词就不倒装。如: Here you are,110,2,）,.,表语（介词短语）,+,系动词,+,主语,In the corner was,a table,.,Around his head was a brown snake.,强调表语时使用,2）. 表语（介词短语）+ 系动词 + 主语,111,3,）,.,状语（介词短语）,+,v.,+ S.,On the wall,hangs an old jacket,3）. 状语（介词短语）+ v. + S.On the w,112,2.,部分倒装,1),资料,p16 / 2.,Only, Often, Many a time,等在句首，部分倒装。如,: Many a time has he helped us. / Only by doing so can we solve the problem.,2. 部分倒装1) 资料p16 / 2.,113,Only in this way,can you work,out the problem.,only +,主语,/,宾语时不倒装,Only I realized the significance of the danger then.,Only in this way can you work,114,3,.,肯定重复倒装用,so;,否定重复倒装用,nor, neither, no more,。,so,、,neither/nor,引起的句子表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人）,如：,I like fish. So does my brother.,He likes rice very well. So,do I,.,3.肯定重复倒装用so; 否定重复倒装用nor, neith,115,I have never been abroad. Neither,has he,.,Tom can not speak French. Nor (Neither) can Jack.,I have never been abroad. Neit,116,否定副词在句首，部分倒装,（资料,4,）,分类讲解：,1,）,never, seldom, little, nowhere, not, hardly, scarcely,等词位于句首时,:,Never,have I seen,him before.,Seldom,do we go out,.,Little,does he know,what trouble he is in.,否定副词在句首，部分倒装（资料4）分类讲解：1） ne,117,2 ) No soonerthan,、,Hardly when,、,Scarcely when,位于句首,Hardly,had they gone,out of the classroom when it began to rain.,No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.,2 ) No soonerthan、 Hardly ,118,3). not until,（,so .that.,）,位于句首,Not until yesterday,did I know,the news.,So loudly,did he speak,that even people in the next room could hear him.,（真,2/ p12/24),3). not until （ so .that.,119,4) Not onlybut also,连接两个句子时,Not only,was there,no electricity at that time but also (there was) no water in the area.,Not only,is he,an actor but also (he is) a writer.,4) Not onlybut also连接两个句子时,120,5,）,. prep. + no + n.,位于句首,By no means,can teaching be,separated from practice.,At no time,will China be,the first to use nuclear weapons.,5）. prep. + no + n. 位于句首,121,5.,资料,5,6.,用于让步状语从句中,(,由某些连词连接的,):,如,as. (,As,引导的让步状语从句,):,如,: Brave as (,或,though) they are, they are afraid of fight. (,他们虽然很勇敢,但害怕斗争,),5. 资料5,122,Old as he was, he insisted on going with us.,尽管他努力工作，可还是失败了,Hard as he worked, he failed.,Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world.,Old as he was, he insisted on,123,练习,38,题，,39,题，（,58,题），,68,题，,87,题，,真题,3/ 22,题，,4/ 22,练习,124,