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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,PPT课件,*,英语中五种基本的句子结构,1,PPT课件,英语中五种基本的句子结构1PPT课件,CONTENTS,1,2,3,4,Introduction,Some Related Information,Basic Sentence Patterns,Conclusion,2,PPT课件,CONTENTS1234Introduction Some,1,Introduction,英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,3,PPT课件,1Introduction英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难,2,Some Related Information,nouns(n.),:表示人或事物的名称;,adjectives(a.),:表示人或事物的特征,如:,bad,beautiful,;,adverb(adv.),:修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,如:,very,quickly,;,verb(vi./vt.),:表示动作或状态如:,study,be,;,pronoun(pron.),:代替名词,数词等,如:,they,one,;,numeral(num.),:表示数量或顺序,如:,five,tenth,;,4,PPT课件,2Some Related Informationnouns,2,Some Related Information,articles(art.),:限制名词的意义,,a,an,the,preposition(prep.),:表示名词、代词和其它词的关系,如:,in,for,of,conjunction(conj.),:连结词与词或句与句,如:,and,because,interjection(interj.),:表示说话时的感情或口气,如:,oh,hey,5,PPT课件,2Some Related Informationartic,2,Some Related Information,S=Subject(,主语,);,V=Verb(,谓语动词,);,P=Predicative(,表语,);,O=Object(,宾语,);,INO=Indirect Object(,间接宾语,);,DO=Direct Object(,直接宾语,);,OC=Object Complement(,宾语补足语,),6,PPT课件,2Some Related InformationS=Sub,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,五种基本句子结构,句型一:,+,(主谓,),句型二:,+,+,(主系表),句型四:,+,+,+,(主谓间宾直宾),句型三:,+,+,(主谓宾),句型五:,+,+,+,(主谓宾宾补),7,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3五种基本句,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型一:,(subject),+,V,(verb),(主谓(,Vi.,),E.g,:,Birds,fly,.,主 谓,特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等在句中作状语成分。,如:,He,runs,in the park,.,主 谓 地点状语,8,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型一,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型二:,+V,(link verb),+P,(predicative),(主系表),E.g.,:,The food,smells,delicious,.,主 系 表,特点:句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做,(,连,),系动词。,9,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型二,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型二:,+V,(link verb),+P,(predicative),(主系表),系动词可分四类:,1,),be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;,2,)感官动词类:,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,等;,3,)表示变化:,get,grow,become,turn,go,等;,4,)表示状态延续:,stay,keep,remain,stand,等。,10,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型二,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型二:,+V,(link verb),+P,(predicative),(主系表),11,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型二,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型三:,+V,+,(Object),(主谓(,Vt.,)宾),E.g.,:,He,hopes,to fly to the moon,.,主 谓 宾,特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词,(vt.),。,12,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型三,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型三:,+V,+,(Object),(主谓(,Vt.,)宾),1),只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词:,want,,,hope,,,wish,,,would like,,,decide,,,agree,,,ask,,,wait,等;,2),只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词:,mind,,,enjoy,,,keep,,,finish,,,cant help,等;,3),既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:,remember,forget,stop,go on,try,4),既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:,begin,,,start,,,like,,,love,,,hate,等。,13,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型三,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型四:,+Vt.,+Oi,(indirect object),Od,(direct object),E.g.,:,He,brings,me,cookies,every day,.,主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语,特点,:,谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词,for,或,to,。,14,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型四,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型四:,+Vt.,+Oi,(indirect object),Od,(direct object),若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词,to,或,for,。如:,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。,15,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型四,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型四:,+Vt.,+Oi,(indirect object),Od,(direct object),常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助,to,的),bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等;,(需借助,for,的),buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,16,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型四,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型四:,+Vt.,+Oi,(indirect object),Od,(direct object),1,Johnson,先生去年教我们德语。,2,奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3,请把那本字典递给我好吗?,4,他把车票给列车员看。,Mr Johnson taught us German.,Grandma told me an interesting story.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,17,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型四,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),E.g.,:,The boy,wished,his father,to buy him a bike,.,主 谓 宾 宾补,特点,:,此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。,18,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),1),带,to,的不定式作宾补:,例如:,She asked me to,call him again,.,很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补,这类动词有:,ask,,,tell,,,want,,,wish,,,would,,,like,,,like,,,hate,等。,19,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),2),不带,to,的不定式作宾补:,例如:,We often hear the girl,sing the song,.,能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如,let,,,feel,,,notice,,,help,,,make,,,have,,,listen to,,,hear,,,see,,,watch,,,look at,,,observe.,注:如果这种结构变为被动语态,不定式就必然带,to.,help,后的不定式可以带,to,也可不带,to.,20,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),3),分词作宾补:,例如:,He heard somebody,knocking on the window,.,现在分词作宾补表示主动,且动作正在进行,过去分词作宾补表示被动,或动作已完成,也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词:,see,,,hear,,,notice,,,watch,,,feel,及,find,,,get,,,have(,这三个动词为使役动词,),等。,21,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),4),名词作宾补;,例如:,We must keep it,a secret,.,这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用,常见的动词有:,name,,,call,,,make,,,elect,,,think,,,find,,,leave,等。,22,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,基本句型五:,S,Vt,O,C,(object complement),5),形容词作宾补。,例如:,You should keep the room,clean,.,常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有:,make,,,keep,,,find,,,want,,,wish,,,like,,,see,,,think,,,believe,,,leave,等。,23,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3基本句型五,Basic Sentence Patterns,3,巩固练习,1.The cake tastes delicious.,主,+,系,+,表,2.Classes begin at eight every day.,主,+,谓,3.They havent decided where to go next.,主,+,谓,+,宾,4.They made Tom monitor.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,5.Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.,主,+,谓,+,直宾,+,间宾,24,PPT课件,Basic Sentence Patterns3巩固练习1,Conclusion,4,以上五种基本句型结构有什么共同之处?,(都含有哪些成分),25,PPT课件,Conclusion 4以上五种基本句型结构有什么共同之处?,Conclusion,4,五种基本句型都含有主语和谓语,其中谓语是一个句子的灵魂,也是判断句子属于简单句,并列句还是复合句的依据。即,“一句一谓”,原则。,如果句子只有一个谓语,即可判断该句为简单句;,如果句子中有两个或以上谓语,则句子属于并列句或复合句。,26,PPT课件,Conclusion 4五种基本句型都含有主语和谓语,其中谓,Conclusion,4,复合句的主句和从句之间有从属关系,所谓从属关系即从句是主句的某个成分,所以复合句有定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句(主从,宾从,表从,同位从)。,而并列句中,由连接词(主要是,or,but,and,so,四大类,每类可分别延伸。)连接的两个句子是独立的,互不充当成分。,27,PPT课件,Conclusion 4复合句的主句和从句之间有从属关系,所,THE END,28,PPT课件,THE END28PPT课件,
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