高中英语-句子成分及五种基本句型-ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/10/10,0,句 子 成 分及句型,Members and Structures,of a Sentence,句 子 成 分及句型,1,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,I met my best friend Tom at th,2,Members of a sentence,主语,subject,谓语,predicate,宾语,object,表语,predicative,宾补,complement,定语,attribute,状语,adverbial,同位语,appositive,句子的主干成分：,句子的次要成分：,Members of a sentence主语 subjec,3,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是,“,什么人,”或“,什么事,物”,1.,主 语,Gina,is from Australia.,She,often goes to the movies.,Three,is enough.,Doing the work,is hard for him.,To see,is to believe.,-,名,词,-,代,词,-,数词,-,动名词,-,不定式,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是1.主 语 G,4,主语在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.,句首,主语在哪里The young should respect,5,The students got on the school bus.,2.His job is to train swimmers.,3.We often speak English in class.,4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,挑出下列句中的主语,The students got on the school,6,表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。,主谓要一致,2.,谓 语,We,love,China.,He,has,a bad cold.,Jane,loves,China.,表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”或,7,We have finished reading this book.,谓语在哪里,They can speak English well.,助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语,He looked after two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,主语的后面,We have finished reading this,8,A.,简单谓语,：,He,practices,running every morning.He,reads,newspapers every day.,B.,复合谓语,由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。,由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。,1.You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,2.He,didnt atten,d,the meeting yesterday.,We,are students,.Your idea,sounds great,.,情态动词：,can may will could should,助动词：,be+doing,have/has done,do,does,did,dont,didnt,由一个动词或动词短语构成。,A.简单谓语：He practices running e,9,1.You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,2.My sister,is crying,over there.,3.I,have been waiting,for you all the time.,4.I,would stay,at home all day.,5.,Has,he,come,back?,6.He managed to finish the work in time,挑出下列句中谓语,1.You may keep the book for tw,10,表示动作或行为的,对象,说明主语“做什么”,3.,宾 语,Can I ask,some questions,?,He is looking at,the dog,.,表示动作或行为的对象3.宾 语 Can I ask som,11,My brother,hasnt,done,his,homework,.,A B C,D,宾语在哪里,I,bought,a computer,last week,.,A B C D,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后,My brother hasnt done his hom,12,宾 语,Tom teaches us English.,双宾语,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,直接宾语,指,物,间接宾语,指,人,.,宾 语 Tom teaches us English.双宾,13,及物动词,和,不及物动词,I,saw,him last week.,They,eat,bread every day.,She,smiled,happily.,They,laughed,loudly.,She,look,at,the blackboard carefully,.,He,listened,to,his teacher in class.,不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词,:,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词,:,如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助,:,及物动词和不及物动词不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:,14,挑出下列句中的宾语,My brother hasnt done his homewrk.,People all over the world speak English.,How many new words did you learn last class?,Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.,The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,挑出下列句中的宾语,15,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于,系动词,之后,4.,表 语,Her mother is,a,teacher,.,The,food tastes,delicious,.,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后4.表,16,常见的系动词有,:,状态系动词,感官系动词,变化系动词,持续系动词,表示主语状态、身份等，主要有,be,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,等,表示主语变化，,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,等。,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,等,常见的系动词有:表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be主要有fee,17,系动词,状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有,be,。,持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,等。,感官系动词,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,等。,This flower,smells,very sweet.,变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,等。,I,am,hungry,.,He always,kept,silent,at meeting.,He,became,mad after that.,系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。持续系,18,找出表语,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,找出表语Every thing looks nice.Hi,19,修饰名词或代词,定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用,5.,定 语,Shes a,good,basketball player,.,Whats,your,name?,The girl,with long hair,is my sister.,修饰名词或代词,定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用5.定 语Sh,20,找出定语,Some,people,forgot,to sweep the floor,.,A B CD,The man,downstairs,was,trying to sleep,.,A B C D,找出定语Some people forgot to swee,21,挑出下列句中的定语,1.What is your given name?,2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.,3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,挑出下列句中的定语,22,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。,6.,状 语,The students followed Uncle,Wang,to see the other machines,.,He sat there,quietly,.,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、,23,This material is,environmentally,friendly.,He runs,very,slowly.,Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.,（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）,（修饰副词,slowly,因此,very,是副词，作状语）,（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）,He writes,carefull,y,.He walks,slowly,.,修饰动词用副词，作状语,),This material is environmenta,24,找出状语,He,began,writing,when he was eleven.,A B CD,There,was,a big smile,on her face,.,A B C D,找出状语He began writing when he w,25,指出下列画线部分属于什么状语,1.How about meeting again,at six,?,2.Mr.Smith lives,on the third floor,.,3.Last night she didn,t go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,4.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,方式状语,指出下列画线部分属于什么状语1.How about meet,26,5.She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,6.,In order to catch up with the others,I must work,harder.,7.,To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.,8.The boy needs a pen,very much,.,伴随状语,目的状语,目的状语,程度状语,5.She came in with a dictionar,27,9.He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,10.She works very hard,though she is old,.,11.I am taller,than he is,.,结果状语,让步状语,比较状语,9.He was so tired that he fell,28,用来补充说明宾语的情况,7.,宾语,补足语,We elected him,our monitor,.,He asked her,to take the boy out of school,.,用来补充说明宾语的情况 7.宾语We elected hi,29,I,saw,Mr.Wang,get on the bus,.,A B CD,They,cal,l,me,Lily,sometimes.,A B CD,找出宾补,I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus,30,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,She likes the children to read newspapers,and books in the reading-room.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,She found it difficult to do the work.,They call me Lily sometimes.,I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,31,同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以解释和说明，近乎于后置定语。,8.,同位语,We,students,should study hard.,(students,是,we,的同位语，都是指同一批,“,学生,”,）,It,s good to us,students,.,同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以解释和说,32,画出下列句中的同位语,1.The young man,my brother,works in the office.,2.Our English teacher,Mrs.Wang,often helps us with study.,3.They,some railway workers,are busy repairing the train.,画出下列句中的同位语1.The young man,my,33,1.They work hard.,主,+,谓,(,状）,2.The flower is dead.,主,+,系,+,表,3.Plants need water.,主,+,谓,+,宾,4.He gives me some seeds.,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,5.We should keep the plants in the shade.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,6.Many animals live in trees.,主,+,谓 （状）,1.They work hard.,34,7.We must keep our classroom clean.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,8.After work he always feels a little tired.,（状）主,+,（状）系,+,（定）表,9.They laughed at us after the match.,主,+,谓 宾（状）,10.She told me a story.,主 谓间宾直宾,7.We must keep our classroom,35,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,1.,The students,got on the,school,bus.,2.He handed,me,the newspaper.,3.I,shall answer,your question,after class.,4.What a,beautiful,Chinese painting!,5.They went,hunting,together,early in the morning,.,6.,His,job is,to train swimmers,.,7.He took,many photos of the palaces,in Beijing,.,8.He is,to leave for Shanghai,tomorrow.,9.,His wish,is,to become a scientist,.,10.Do you have,anything,else,to say,?,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,36,He likes eggs.,He doesnt like chickens.,He likes eggs,but,he doesnt like chickens.,He said,that,he likes eggs.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列连词,从属连词,He likes eggs.He doesnt like,37,简单句,(,simple sentence,),并列句,(,compound sentence,),复合句,(,complex sentence,),What kinds of English sentences do you know?,简单句 (simple sentence)并列句(co,38,2.,句子的分类,分类,说明,例句,简,单,句,由一个主语或并列主,语和一个谓语或并列,谓语构成的句子。即,一套主谓关系,。,1.Tom and I found her there.,2.We all breathe,eat and work.,并,列,句,由并列连词,（,and,so,but,or,等）,把两个或两个以上的,简单句连在一起而构,成的句子。,1.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.,2.Work hard or you will fall behind.,复,合,句,由一个主句和一个或,一个以上的从句构成,的句子,1.I believe you are right.,2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.,2.句子的分类分类说明例句由一个主语或并列主由并列连词1.,39,3.,简单句基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一,:,+,（主谓）,基本句型二,:,+,+,（主系表）,基本句型三,:,+,+,（主谓宾）,基本句型四,:,+,+O1+,2,（主谓间宾直宾）,基本句型五,:,+,+,+,(,主谓宾宾补,),3.简单句基本句型英语五种基本句型列式如下：,40,基本句型 一,+,（主谓）,1.Time,2.The sun,3.The man,4.Everybody,flies.,rises.,cooked.,laughed,此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思。,主语可有修饰语,-,定语，谓语可有修饰语,-,状语,The,red,sun rises,in the east.,基本句型 一1.Time flies.此句型中动词是不,41,基本句型 二,+,+,（主系表）,1.He,2.The dinner,3.The weather,is,smells,became,tall and strong.,good.,warmer.,此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,基本句型 二1.He is tall and stron,42,基本句型 三,+,+,（主谓宾）,（及物动词）,(,宾语,),1.Who,2.She,3.I,4.I,5.I,knows,laugh at,want,dont know,enjoy,the answer?,her.,to have a cup of tea.,what to do.,living here.,此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,基本句型 三（及物动词）(宾语)1.Who,43,基本句型 四,+,+IO+,（主谓间宾直宾）,（及物）,（多指人）,（多指物）,1.I,2.He,showed,bought,him,me,my pictures.,a beautiful skirt.,此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。,若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词,to,或,for,He bought me a beautiful skirt.,He bought a beautiful skirt,for,me.,基本句型 四（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.I,44,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，表示,为了某人，替某人。,常跟双宾语的动词有：,（需借助,to,的）,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等,（需借助,for,的）,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,等。,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。,45,基本句型 五,+,+,+,（主谓宾宾补）,（及物）,（宾语）,（宾补）,1.We,2.They,3.We,4.I,keep,call,asked,saw,the table,supper,him,them,clean.,dinner.,to come back soon.,getting on the bus.,此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。,基本句型 五（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.We,46,注意：用,it,做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到,宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。,即,主语,+,谓语,+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,。如，,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,常用于此句型的动词有,:,think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make,注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到即 主语+,47,使用,it,当形式宾语翻译下面的句子,1.,他感到很难跟你交谈。,2.,我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。,3.,学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,4.,我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。,1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in,another way.,3.The school made it a rule that the students should,stand up when class begins.,4.I thought it no use talking with that man,使用it当形式宾语翻译下面的句子1.He felt it v,48,You are sitting on the train home.,There comes the bus!,The egos potential for expansion is limitless.,Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.,Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.,We think it our duty to study well.,主,+,谓（,S+V,）,主,+,谓（,S+V,）,主,+,系,+,表（,S+V+P,）,主+谓+宾（SVO）,主+谓+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,主+谓+宾+补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises:,You are sitting on the train h,49,Exercises:,翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：,1.,我经常在早晨读英语。,2.,玛丽是个聪明的学生。,3.,我的老师交给我一封信。,4.,我母亲经常叫我努力学习。,5.,我们叫我们的老师王先生,6.,他正在房里做家庭作业。,Exercises:翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1.我经,50,1.,我经常在早晨读英语。,2.,玛丽是个聪明的学生。,3.,我的老师交给我一封信,。,1.I often read English in the morning.,主,+,谓,+,宾,2.Mary is a clever student.,主,+,系,+,表,3.My teacher gave me a letter.,主,+,谓,+,双宾,1.我经常在早晨读英语。1.I often read E,51,4.,我母亲经常叫我努力学习。,5.,我们叫我们的老师王先生,6.,他正在房里做家庭作业。,4.My mother often asks me to study hard.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,6.He is doing his homework in the room.,主,+,谓,+,宾,4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。4.My mother oft,52,