高中动词不定式详细讲解课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/9/14,#,什么叫非谓语动词？,1,：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓语。,2.,因为不同的必须用不同的,词性,，所以做各种成份的,动词,必须要,变化其形式才能做对应的成份,。,什么叫非谓语动词？,1,三,非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？,弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作,之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,非谓语表示的动作,非谓语动词的形式,在谓语表示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done,;,done;to have done/to have been done,;,having done/having been done,三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关,2,非,谓,语,动,词,动名词,分 词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,非动名词分 词不定式现在分词过去分词,3,动词不定式,动词不定式,4,不定式,:,是一种,非限定性动词,。,1.,非限定动词,:,是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，,2.,动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何,句子成分,。,3.,动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。,不定式:是一种非限定性动词。,5,一,.,基本形式,：,to+,动词原形,二,.,其否定形式是,:,“,not/never to do,”,/not do.,三,.,不定式可以,带宾语或状语,构成不定式短语，,没有人称和数,的变化。,不定式的构成,:,一.基本形式：to+动词原形 不定式的构成:,6,肯定：,to+V.,原,或者,(to)+V.,原,否定：,not/never+(to)+V.,原,He likes to read novels.,I saw him come.,We decided not to buy that house.,4)It is interesting to fly a kite.,5)Please let him not go there.,动词不定式的结构,肯定：to+V.原 或者(to)+V.原 H,7,（,2,）特点 ：,A.,没有人称和数的变化,C.,有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为,to be +,动词过去分词）,B.,可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式,（2）特点 ：C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式,8,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.,9,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing,is foolish,。,I want,to see you this evening.,All you have to do is,to finish it quickly.,We found a house,to live in,.,She came here,to study English,.,I warned the patient not,to eat cold water,after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,英语博客网,动词不定式To do that sort of thing,10,结构,:to do,(,否定,)not/never to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,结构:to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式,11,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2).He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(,一般式表示与谓语的动作同时,/,几乎,/,发生在,它之后,.),(,在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行,),(,完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,),(4).Were happy,to have been working with,you.,(,完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的,动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续,),(1).They pretended not to see,12,三,.,用法,/,功能,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn English well,.,(1).,主语,1,.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数,2.,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用,it,作形式主语,.,is,is,三.用法/功能To see is to believe.,13,三,.,用法,/,功能,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn,.,(1).,主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用,it,作形式主语,.,三.用法/功能To see is to believe.,14,It+be+,adj.,+,for/of,sb.to do sth.,for,:adj.,多为描述不定式行为的特征（,important/necessary/interesting,等,.,）,of,:adj.,多为,描述主语的品质特征 （,kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish,等,.,）,作主语,It is easy _ her to learn English well.,It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,of,for,It+be+adj.+for/of sb.to d,15,5,、轮到我们打扫教室了。,It is our turn_,6,、,To waste time is to shorten life.,（翻译成中文）,to clean the classroom.,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,练习,to clean the classroom.浪费时间就是,16,1,、主语,+be+to do sth,主语多为,duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job,等,名词,1,、,My dream is to be a singer.,2,、,His work is to clean the classroom every day.,作表语,我的梦想是成为一名歌手。,他的工作是每天清扫教室。,1、主语+be+to do sth 1、My dre,17,1,、动词,+to do sth.,常用动词有：,want/wish/like/would like/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise,等,1,、,I hope,to finish,it tomorrow.,2,、,She plans,to go and teach,in the country.,作宾语,1、动词+to do sth.1、I hope to f,18,1,、,Dont forget _.(,关灯,),2,、,I happened _when he called me.,（出去）,3,、,I dont want_.(,依赖别人）,4,、,Sam is learning_.(,怎样开车）,5,、,We promise _ the environment.(,保护,),to turn off the light,to go out,to depend on others,how to drive a car,练习,to protect,1、Dont forget _,19,1,、动词,+,宾语（,sb./sth.)+to do sth.,1,、,The teacher asked her,to answer the question,.,2,、,The doctor told me,to have a good rest,.,作宾补,-,对宾语进行补充说明,常用动词有：,ask,tell,allow,want,等,1、动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+to do st,20,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,(4).,宾补,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉,:,feel,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,等,The teacher told me to clean t,21,e.g.I made him do his work.,He was made,to,do his work(by me).,注意,1 help,后面的“,to”,可省去,e.g.They often help the grandma(to),carry water.,2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at,等表示,感觉和,let,make,have,等表示使役的动词后,面，不定式作宾语时要省“,to”,（注：被动,语态不省,to,）,e.g.I made him do his work.He,22,典型例题,1)-I usually go there by train.,-Why not _ by boat for a change?,A.to try going,B.,trying to go,C.,to try and go,D.,try going,答案：,D.why not,后面接不带,to,的不定式，因此选,D,。,2)Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn,B.to learn,C.learned,D.learning,答案：,B.make,后接不带,to,的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，,to,不可省略。,典型例题,23,3,不定式用在介词,but,except,besides,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的,各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to.,(1).She could,do,nothing,but cry,.,(2).I,have,no choice,but to go,.,(3).What do you like to,do,besides sleep,.,3 不定式用在介词but,except,besides,24,1,、,Let him _ the work at once.,(finish/to finish),2,、,Do you like listening to other people_?,(talk/talking/to talk),3,、,Jim was seen _the room.,(enter/to enter),4,、,Please tell her _here on time.,(come/to come),finish,talk,to enter,to come,练习,1、Let him _ the work at,25,5,、,Ill help you _this problem.,(to solve/solve),6,、,I wish you will stay with us.(,改成简单句）,7,、,Her story made us laugh.(,改成被动句）,(to)solve,I wish you to stay with us.,We were made to laugh by her story.,5、Ill help you _this,26,放在被修饰词的后面,I have a lot of work,to do,.,I want to find something,to drink,.,作定语,不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的,介词,。,Im looking for a hotel _.,A.stay B.stay at C.to stay D.to stay at,D,位置,：,放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work,27,I have something,to say,.,He has a lot of homework,to do,.,He is looking for a room,to live,in,.,There is nothing,to worry,about,.,(5).,定语,(,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词,.),请给我一支写字的笔,.,Please give me a pen to write with.,I have something to say.(5).定,28,6.,作定语,(,后置）,1.,Do you have anything more_,要说,?,2.She has a lot of work _,做,every day.,3.The old man has a house _,住,.,4.She is a nice person_,共事,.,to say,to do,to live in,to work with,6.作定语(后置）to say to doto live,29,4.something,anything,nothing,everything,等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g.Do you have anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要寄吗,4.something,anything,nothin,30,I came here,to see you.,He got up early,to catch the train.,(6),状语,（表示目的或结果）,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现,I came here to see you.(6)状语（,31,(8),“疑问词不定式”用法,1.,不定式,前,可带,what,，,who,，,which,，,where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、,主语等。,例,:He didnt tell me,where,to go.(,直宾,),I dont know,what,to say now.(,宾语,),I dont know,what,to do next.(,宾语）,He taught us,how,to use the computer,(,宾语补足语,),返回,(8)“疑问词不定式”用法返回,32,注意：,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,Why not have a rest?,注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简,33,(7).,独立结构,to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,(7).独立结构to be frank,To tell t,34,关于不定式中的小品词,to,(1).,不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,省略该动词,.,eg:Would you like to go with me?,Id like to.,(2).,不定式是,to be,结构,be,不可省,.,eg:Would you like to be a teacher?,Id like to be.,关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现,35,1,、习惯于,be used to _,被用于,be used to _,Water is used to _(put)out fires.,I am used to _(take)a walk after supper.,2,、,prefer to,比起,来更喜欢,比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。,I prefer _ to _.,介词,to,与,不定式,to,的区别,put,taking,running swimming,do,doing,1、习惯于be used to _介词 to,36,All I did was,to give him some advice,.,His dream is,to travel all over the world,.,Lucy needs a friend,to play with,.,He was the last guest,to arrive,.,Its interesting,to read a science fiction,.,下列不定式作何种成分？,（表语）,（表语）,（定语）,（定语）,（主语）,All I did was to give him some,37,He was glad,to see you.,My father offered,to buy a computer,for me.,He interviewed detective Ken,to get some information,.,The doctor asked him,to have more fruit and vegetables,.,（状语）,（宾语）,（状语）,（宾语补足语）,下列不定式作何种成分？,He was glad to see you.（状语）（宾,38,1,、,stop to do sth.,停下正在做的事去作另一件事,stop doing sth.,停止正在作的事,eg.When the teacher came into the classroom,the students stopped talking.After he worked for an hour,he stopped to have a rest.,2,、,forget/remember to do sth.,忘记,/,记得要去作某事,forget/remember doing sth.,忘记记得曾经做过某事,eg.Please remember to bring my book to school.,I remember doing my homework,同义词比较,同义词比较,39,一、常使用动词不定式的短语,1,、,Its time to do sth.Its time for sth,该作某事的时候了,.,2,、,cant wait to do sth.,迫不及待要作某事,3,、,ask/telle sb.(not)to do sth.,要求,/,告诉某人,(,不,),作某事,4,、,allow sb.to do sth.,允许某人作某事,5,、,be supposed to do sth.,应该作某事,6,、,Would like/want(sb.)to do sth.,想要作某事,中考重点句型,中考重点句型,40,exercise,exercise,41,My teacher was made _ his teaching,because of poor health.,giving up B.to give up,C.give up D.given up,2.The sentence wants _ once more.,explained B.to explain,C.being explained D.explaining,3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.,having been B.to have been,C.to be D.being,D,B,C,My teacher was made _ his,42,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth,_ for him without delay.,to have woven B.to be woven,C.to be weaving D.to weave,5.I found the German language hard _.,learned B.learning,C.to be learned D.to learn,6.The light in the office is still on.,-Oh,I forgot _.,turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,B,D,C,4.The Emperor ordered the wond,43,几对易混淆的词组：,stop to do sth.,停止去做某事,doing sth.,停止正在做,forget to do sth.,忘记去做,doing sth.,忘记已做了,remember to do sth.,记得去做,doing sth.,记得曾经做,几对易混淆的词组：,44,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement,between the company and the customers?,-The key _ the problem is to meet,the demand _ by the customers.,to solving,making B.to solving,made,C.to solve,making D.to solve,made,8.-What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,school to study in,B.school for children to study,C.studying school,D.school to study,B,A,7.-How do you deal with the,45,9.-Did you get a job?,-No,I _,but its no use.,expected B.tried to,C.managed to D.planned,10.We find it impossible for the work _,ahead of time.,to finish B.finishing,C.being finished D.to be finished,11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.,-Why not _ there by boat for a,change?,to try to go B.try going,C.to try going D.try to go,B,D,B,9.-Did you get a job?BDB,46,12._ a living,she had to work from,morning till night.,To make B.Made,C.Making D.To have made,13.I would rather starve to death than _,for food.,beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg,14.The boy pretended _ when his mother,entered.,reading B.to read,C.to be reading D.being read,A,A,C,12._ a living,she had to wo,47,Exercise,Exercise,48,1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,not make B.not to make,C.not making D.dont make,3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D.expects,1.Robert is said _ abroad,49,4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,to see B.to be seen,C.seeing D.see,5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.,it what to do with B.what to do with it,C.what to do it with D.to do what with it,6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.,A.who B.when C.how D.why,4.Having a trip abroad is cer,50,7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,A.having met B.meeting,C.to meet D.to have met,9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,7.Paul doesnt have to be mad,51,10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,A.to eat not B.eating not,C.not to eat D.not eating,11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.to have gone,C.going D.having gone,12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,A.to invent B.inventing,C.to have invented D.having invented,10.The patient was warned _,52,13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having sleep,15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,13.Little Jim should love _,53,1,爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。,_,are both great happiness.,2,中国人民决不会征服。,The Chinese people refuse _,3,据说他已经完成了他的工作。,He is said _.,4,根据报道他们已安全到达。,They are reported _,To love and to be loved,to give in/be conquered,to have finished/completed his work,to have arrived safely,1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。To love and to be,54,5,我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。,I want this bike _.,6,玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。,Mary seemed _.,7,众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。,He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.,to be repaired at once/immediately,to have been told about it,to have been given,5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。to be repaired,55,不定式的特殊句型,tooto,1)tooto,太,以至于,He is too excited to speak.,他太激动了，说不出话来。,-Can I help you?,需要我帮忙吗,?,-Well,Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,but thank you all the same.,不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。,2),如在,too,前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，,too,后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为,不太,。,Its never too late to mend.,(,谚语,),改过不嫌晚。,3),当,too,前面有,only,all,but,时，意思是：非常,等于,very,。,。,不定式的特殊句型tooto,56,经常,不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有,力量,Study Constantly,And You Will Know Everything.The More You Know,The More Powerful You Will,Be,写,在最后,经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量写,57,谢谢你的到来,学习并没有结束，希望大家继续努力,Learning Is Not Over.I Hope You Will Continue To Work Hard,演讲人：,XXXXXX,时 间：,XX,年,XX,月,XX,日,谢谢你的到来演讲人：XXXXXX,58,