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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheries,The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris.,About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic.,Every year,a huge number of seabirds,turtles,and fisheries died of eating plastic debris by mistake.,1,How plastic waste is affecting,Human actions that polluted the pacific ocean,Merchant ships,expel cargo,sewage,used medical equipment,and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean.,Naval and research vessels,eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary.,Pleasure crafts,release fishing gear and other types of waste,either accidentally or through negligent handling.,The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded fishing gear(including traps and nets),estimated to be up to,90%,of plastic debris in some areas.,（,Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR,2012,）,2,Human actions that polluted th,The organism that is being affected,Seabirds,Whales,Fisheries,Seals,Sea lions,Sea turtle,Dolphins,3,The organism that is being aff,Aquatic wildlife can be threatened by,suffocation,.,Obviously,this sea turtle was scarred.After this picture was taken,maybe it would die soon.As we can imagine,there are still thousands of sea turtles under the threaten of plastic debris.If no one helps them,they are just dying lonely,scared,and desperated.,Example:,this,sea,turtle is taking a plastic bag in,4,Aquatic wildlife can be threat,Example:the seal is stuck by fishing nets,A sea turtle that is trapped by a rubber band,This picture tells us a sad story about this turtle:it was trapped accidentally when it was young.As it grew bigger and bigger,the rubber band limited it.As a result,its body was deformed.,5,Example:the seal is stuck by,Convincing data(on Pacific Ocean),In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage,Algalita Marine Research Foundation researchers began finding that fish are eating plastic fragments and waste.Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage,35%had ate plastic pieces.,Click to see more details,TheNorth Pacific Gyre,for example,has collected the so-called“,Great Pacific Garbage Patch,”,which is now estimated to be one to twenty times the size of Texas(approximately from 700,000 to 15,000,000 square kilometers).In samples taken in 1999,the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton(the dominant animal life in the area)by a factor of six.(Weisman&Alan,，,2007).,Click to see more details,6,Convincing data(on Pacific Oce,Fish are eating plastic fragments and waste,7,Fish are eating plastic fragme,Effects on wildlife&fisheries,(how have the plastic debris affected them),1.Entanglement,Entanglement is responsible for many different kinds of wildlife.Such as seals,fish,turtles,and birds.,These animals get caught in the debris and end upsuffocatingordrowning.,They dont have hands like us to untangle themselves,as a result,they die from their inability to escape their predators.,（,Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR 2012).,8,Effects on wildlife&fisherie,大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,9,大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流9,Effects on wildlife&fisheries,(how have the plastic debris affected them),2.Ingestion,Sea animals,Turtles,sometimes mistake plastic bags for jellyfish.,“This plastic debris can kill the sea turtle by obstructing theesophagus.”(Gregory&M.R.14 June 2009),So too are,whales,;large amounts of plastics have been found in the stomachs ofbeached whales.,Truth:,In June 2018,more than 80 plastic bags were found inside a dyingpilot whalethat washed up on the shores of Thailand.(,Whale dies from eating more than 80 plastic bags,.,The Guardian,.June 2,2018.RetrievedJune 17,2018.),10,Effects on wildlife&fisherie,A heart-broken photo,11,A heart-broken photo 11,An exhibit at theMote Marine Laboratorythat displays plastic bags in the ocean that look similar tojellyfish.,12,An exhibit at theMote Marine,Effects on wildlife&fisheries,(how have the plastic debris affected them),2.Ingestion,Birds,Seabirds often mistake trash floating on the oceans surface as prey.,Even worse,marine plastic pollution can reach birds that have never been at the sea.,Parents may accidentally feed their nestlings plastic,mistaking it for food.,(Rodrguez,A;et al.),Seabird chicks are the most vulnerable to plastic ingestion since they cant vomit up their food like the adult seabirds.,(Derraik,J.G.B.,，,2002),13,Effects on wildlife&fisherie,The area of Texas compare to the whole America,Believe or not,，,the area of,Great Pacific Garbage Patch,is,1-20,times the size of Texas!,What a huge garbage patch it is!From this picture,one can imagine that how destructive is the plastic waste,and how much plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheries in the Pacific Ocean.,14,The area of Texas compare to t,The,biodiversity of the“GreatPacificGarbage Patch”is decreasing,15,The biodiversity of the“Great,Reasons:,Fauna&Flora International(FFI)has already confirmed that plastic debris will pose a growing threat to Marine biodiversity and marine food chain in 2010.,There will be moreplasticthan fish in the oceanby 2050,warned the,Ellen MacArthur Foundation,in a,report,published Tuesday.(There Will Be More Plastic Than Fish in the Ocean by 2050,January 19,2016),Scientists said that whales such as whale sharks are endangered.Currently,the whale shark has been listed on,the world union for conservation of nature(IUCN)red list of endangered species ver3.1 vulnerable(VU),in 2005,and is also listed in,CITES level protection of animals under the Washington convention,.,16,Reasons:Fauna&Flora Internat,Efforts that human made to help those organisms,Every year,June 5 is observed as World Environment Day to raise awareness and increase government action on the pressing issue.In 2018,India is the host to this years World Environment Day and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution with focus on single-use or disposable plastic.,On 11 April 2013 in order to create awareness,artistMaria Cristina Finuccifounded TheGarbage Patch StateatUNESCOParis in front of Director GeneralIrina Bokova.(,The garbage patch territory turns into a new state-United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,.unesco.org.)First of a series of events under the patronage ofUNESCOand of Italian Ministry of the Environment.,80,17,Efforts that human made to hel,Although we made some effort to help those organisms,there are still a huge number of things that we should do.,In my opinion,it is our duty to keep our beautiful home-the earth clean,and try our best to protect the biodiversity.,18,Although we made some effort t,I hope that every corner of the Pacific is as clean as this place.,19,I hope that every corner of th,
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