英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod-课件

,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,British Literature I,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,British Literature I,History and Selected Readings,of British Literature,1,Outline of British Literature,1.Anglo-Saxon Period 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066),2.Anglo-Norman Period(Middle Ages)盎格鲁-诺曼时期 (10661485）,3.The Renaissance文艺复兴时期（15世纪后期17 世纪初）,4.The 17th Century(Age of Revolution and Restoration)17世纪文学,5.The Enlightenment 启蒙时期（17世纪后期18世纪中 期）,6.The Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832）,7.The Critical Realism 批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代-1918）,8.The Modern Period现代主义时期（1918-1945）,9.Contemporary English Literature 当代文学（1945 至今）,Outline of British Literature1,2,The Anglo-Saxon Period,(449 A.D.-1066 A.D.),The Anglo-Saxon Perio,3,Contents,II.,Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Literature,Anglo-Saxon Poetry,III.,IV.,Anglo-Saxon Prose,V.,Assignments,The Historical Background,I.,ContentsII.Characteristics of,4,I.Historical Background,I.Historical Background,5,1.The Britons,The English people are not of one origin but a,mixed blood,.,Britons,Early Inhabitants,Britain,a tribe of Celts,the land of Britons,primitive people,clustering of huts,tribal society,1.The Britons The English peo,6,2.The Roman Conquest,55 B.C.,Julius Caesar,the Roman conqueror,Britons,fought fiercely,Britain was under control completely,by the Roman Empire in,78 A.D.,2.The Roman Conquest55 B.C.J,7,1.Britons,trodden(trampled)down as slaves or cultivators of the land,2.The Roman mode of life came across to Britain with the Conquest,Buildings of Roman style,for Roman conquerors,Highways or,Roman roads,for military purposes,Towns built,E.g.London,Christianity,introduced,Influences of the Roman Conquest,1.Britons,trodden(trampled),8,beginning of 5th century:,declining of the Roman Empire,In 410 A.D.,Romans withdrew.,400 years,of occupation,beginning of 5th century:In 4,9,After the Roman Conquest,swarms of,pirates came to invade from Northern Europe.,Angles,Saxons,Jutes,7,th,.C,United,into,One,Kingdom,7 small,kingdoms,people:,English,England:,Angle-land,Language:,Anglo-Saxon,Old English,盎格,鲁人,撒克,逊人,朱特人,3.The English/Anglo-Saxon Conquest,After the Roman Conquest,swa,10,4.Social Condition of the Anglo-Saxons,before the settlement,after the settlement,the tribal society,families united,by kinship,(血族关系),chiefs and warriors,chiefs bread;the,booty,(plunder战利品),power of life and death;,close relationship,organs of state,kingship,(君王统治),the military commander,The Anglo-Saxon,Period witnessed a,Transition from tribal,society to feudalism.,4.Social Condition of the Ang,11,5.The Anglo-Saxon religious belief,The Anglo-Saxons were,heathen,(异教徒)people,believing in old mythology of Northern Europe.,English language was influenced by the Northern mythology.,5.The Anglo-Saxon religious b,12,In,597 St.Augustine from Rome,brought Christianity.Within 100 years the whole England was Christianized.,Heathen people with their paganism withdrew to remote areas.A mixture of paganism and Christianity existed in the Anglo-Saxon society.,The monks in the monasteries maintained to tinge the earliest works when copied them.,The Anglo-Saxon religious belief,The Anglo-Saxon religious beli,13,Anglo-Saxon Woman,The evidence of what Anglo-Saxon women wore comes from illustrated manuscripts and tapestries.In general their costumes consisted of a linen underdress,and an overdress made of wool or heavy linen.They wore a wimple and veil.,Pictured:Lady of the ninth century,from Joseph Strutt,published originally in England in 1862.Countess Judith of flanders,from the Bayeux tapestry.,Anglo-Saxon Woman,14,Anglo-Saxon Male,Anglo-Saxon males wore tunics with trim and tight fitting braise or pants.They wore wool cloaks that were fastened with pins.,Great seal of Edward the Confessor pictured.,Anglo-Saxon Male,15,Weapons,In early Anglo-Saxon times the sword(such as the examples on the below)was by and large almost parallel sided down to the tip,where it then tapered to a point;although tapering blades similar to late Saxon and Viking swords were not unknown at that point.These early swords usually had pommels and crossguards made up of layers of organic material such as wood,bone or horn;which were often sandwiched,embellished with,or even completely covered by,bronze,gold and silver.Some examples were even inlaid with garnets trapped in separate cells,or were decorated with enamel.Some swords also had a ring attached to the upper guard,that to begin with was a true ring,but later became bastardised into a vestigial ring such as that on the Sutton Hoo sword.Their purpose is unclear,although they may have represented some special honour bestowed on the swords owner.,Weapons,16,Anglo-Saxon Homes,Life and Living,Anglo-Saxon Homes,Life and Li,17,Early English Architecture The Buildings of the Anglo-Saxons,Early English Architecture T,18,英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod-课件,19,.Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Literature,There were two literary divisions:one was,pagan,and the other was,religious,.And the main literary forms are,poetry,and,prose,and poetry was in oral form.,.Characteristics of Anglo-Sa,20,Three characteristics:,1.,Anglo-Saxon literature is almost a verse literature in oral form.It was only given a written form long after its composition.,2.There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period,pagan,(世俗诗)and,religious,（宗教诗）poetry.Pagan poetry was represented by,Beowulf,while religious poetry was represented by the works of,Caedmon,（凯德蒙）and,Cynewulf(,基涅武甫）.,3.In the 8th century,Anglo-Saxon prose appeared.The famous prose writers of that period were,Venerable Bede,（比德）,and,Alfred the Great,（阿尔弗烈德大王）.,Three characteristics:,21,.Anglo-Saxon Poetry,1.,Pagan Poetry（,世俗诗）,The pagan poetry,also called,secular poetry,does not contain any specific Christian doctrine and emphasizes on the harshness of circumstance and the helplessness of humans before the power of fate.,Beowulf,is the representative.,2.,Religious Poetry,（宗教诗）,The religious poetry is also called,Christian poetry,.It is mainly on biblical stories and saints lives.But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan ideas in these poems.It is represented by,Caedmon,and,Cynewulf,.,.Anglo-Saxon Poetry1.Pagan,22,1.The Pagan Poetry:,The Song of Beowulf,贝奥武甫之歌,i.Introduction,ii.Analysis,of“Beowulf”,iii,.Features of“Beowulf”,iv,.What is an epic?,1.The Pagan Poetry:The Song,23,The Song of Beowulf,The Song of Beowulf,24,i.Introduction,Its characters:,Beowulf:,nephew of Hygelac,Hygelac:,king of Geats in Jutland,Hrothgar:,king of the Danes,Grendel:,a monster,Grendels mother:,she-monster,i.IntroductionIts characters:,25,Introduction,2.Its plot:,Beowulfs fight with the monster Grendel in Hrothgars hall(Heorot),2)Beowulfs slaying of Grendels mother in her lair,3)Beowulfs return to his uncle,and his succession to the throne.,4)Beowulfs victory in death,fifty years later,over the fire dragon,Introduction2.Its plot:,26,The,Story,of Beowulf illustrated by the following 14 pictures:,The Story of Beowulf illust,27,Hrothgar,king of the Danes,Hrothgar,king of the Danes,28,Heorot(The mead hall),Heorot(The mead hall),29,Grendel,the monster,Grendel,the monster,30,Beowulf went to help Hrothgar,Beowulf went to help Hrothga,31,The queen filled Beowulfs Cup,The queen filled Beowulfs Cup,32,Beowulf tore off Grendels arm and shoulder,Beowulf tore off Grendels arm,33,The she-monster almost killed Beowulf.,The she-monster almost killed,34,Beowulf finally succeeded.,Beowulf finally succeeded.,35,Beowulf ruled the country for about 50 years,Beowulf ruled the country for,36,The Fire Dragon guarded the treasure.A runaway slave stole the treasure,The Fire Dragon guarded the tr,37,Beowulf went to fight with the Fire Dragon.,Beowulf went to fight with the,38,Beowulf fought against the Fire Dragon.,Beowulf fought against the,39,Beowulf was wounded and died.,Beowulf was wounded and,40,They killed the dragon and got the treasure,They killed the dragon and got,41,II.,Analysis of,Beowulf,1.It is,a folk legend,brought to England by,the Anglo Saxon from their primitive,Northern Europe,.,2.It was passed down,from mouth to mouth,.,3.It was written down in the,10,th,century.,4.Beowulf is a,grand hero,.,1)brave deeds,2)faithful to his people,II.Analysis of Beowulf1.It i,42,5.It reflects the,features,of the,tribal society of ancient times,.,front:stormy,northern ocean,back:impenetrable,forests,against the,forces of nature,monsters:,beneath the sea,in the marshes,in the dark forests,Analysis of,Beowulf,5.It reflects the features of,43,III.Writing features of,Beowulf,1.The most striking feature is the use of,alliteration,(头韵).,Thus,m,ade their,m,ourning the,m,en of Geatland,For their,h,eros passing,h,is,h,earth-companions,2.Other features are the use of,metaphors,and,of,understatements,(低调陈述),.,III.Writing features of Beowu,44,Metaphors:,ring-giver:,hearth-companions:,whales road:,sea-wood:,Understatement:,king,attendant warriors,sea,ship,very welcome,a right to condemn,need not praise:,not troublesome:,Writing features of,Beowulf,Metaphors:Understatement:king,45,iv,.What is,an,epic,(史诗),?,epic,(heroic poem):an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language,like Homers,Iliad,&,Odyssey,.It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.,iv.What is an epic(史诗)?epic,46,2.,The,Religious Poetry,The religious poetry is also called Christian poetry.It is mainly on biblical stories and saints lives.But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan ideas in these poems.It is represented by,Caedmon,（凯德蒙）,and,Cynewulf,（塞内武甫）.,2.The Religious PoetryThe r,47,(,1)Caedmon(610-680,),Caedmon,is the first known religious poet of England.He is known as the father of English song.His life story is vividly described in Bedes,Historic Ecclesiastica,l,（英格兰人教会史）,.,H,is first poem,is,called,The Hymn of Praise,(赞美诗）,.Later on,Caedmon composed many other poems by using the biblical materials.,(1)Caedmon(610-680)Caedmon i,48,(2)Cynewulf(early 9th Century),Cynewulf,lived in the early 9th century.Except the unknown composer of Beowulf,he is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon poet.Of his life we know very little.He was probably an ecclesiastic 牧师 and a scholar.His name remained unknown until 1840.,Cynewulf took his subject matter partly from the church liturgy,more largely from the homilies of Gregory the Great.Throughout the poem,a deep love for Christ and reverence for Virgin Mary are expressed.,(2)Cynewulf(early 9th Centur,49,3.Anglo-Saxon Prose,Prose literature did not show its appearance until the 8th century.There were two famous prose writers:,Venerable Bede,Alfred the Great,.,3.Anglo-Saxon Prose,50,(,1,),Venerable Bede(673-735),The most important of his works is,The Ecclesiastical History of the English People,（英格兰人教会史）.The book not only tells us how religion was introduced and spread in England but also recounts some historical events of that period and Anglo-Saxon mythological legends.,(1)Venerable Bede(673-735),51,(2)Alfred the Great(871-901),Alfred the Great,king of Wessex kingdom,is another important figure in prose writing of Anglo-Saxon period.During his reign,he tried every means to improve the state of education,such as founding colleges,and importing teachers from Europe.He was a well-known translator.He translated some important Latin works into English.But of his works,the most important is,The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,（盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史）.This book records the main happenings of the Anglo-Saxon period.,It is the best monument of the Old English prose.,(2)Alfred the Great(871-901)A,52,Assignments,Preview literature in,the Anglo-Norman period,Preview,Chaucer,his life,masterpiece,his significance and influence.,The Canterbury Tales,AssignmentsPreview literature,53,