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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The,ing,form as the Subject and Object,Unit2 Grammar,The ing form as the Subject a,A SONG,LOVE,-,By John Lennon,Love is real;real is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,Love is touch;touch is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,Love is you,you and me.Love is _ we can be.,Love is free;free is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,feeling,feeling,wanting,reaching,reaching,asking,knowing,leaving,leaving,needing,A SONG,Have you ever seen these signs?,parking,spitting,littering,smoking,-ing forms,Have you ever seen these signs,1.,动词,-ing,形式的构成,:,是在动词末尾加,-ing,形式构成,因此又叫动词的,-ing,形式。,如,:,do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.,否定形式,:not+-ing,构成,2.,动词,-ing,形式,不能单独作谓语,没有人称和,数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有,时态和语态的变化,。,3.,动词,-ing,形式由动词加,-ing,变化而成,它同时具有,名词和动词,的特征,在句中可以,作主语、宾语,等。,1.动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加-ing,一、动词,-ing,形式作主语,表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。,_ is,a good form,of exercise for both young,and old.,无论对年轻人和,老年人来讲,走路,是一种很好的锻,炼。,Walking,一、动词-ing形式作主语 Walking,_ on TV,has become,a,routine for me.,在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。,Watching,news,_ on TV has become,2.,用形式主语,it,，把真正的主语,动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，,如,useful,，,useless,，,good,，,fun,；,no use,，,worthwhile,等。如：,和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。,It,is useless,trying,to argue with Shylock,2.用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这,这事值得去做。,Its worthwhile,making,the effort,想再解释一次有好处吗,?,Is,it,any good,trying,to explain?,跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。,It,is pleasant,working,with you.,这事值得去做。,It,s a waste of time,talking,about such a,useless thing.,谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。,It,s dangerous,swimming,in the sea on,windy days.,有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。,It,is worthwhile,discussing,the question.,这个问题值得讨论。,Its a waste of time talking a,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：,动名词,表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,，不定式,则通常表示具体的动作,。如：,还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。,As a child,，,she felt that,visiting sick people,was a duty and a pleasure,到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。,Being a guest in an American home,will be a good experience for me.,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：,一直不做就是作恶。,Doing nothing,is doing ill,他说,:“,继续这样下去是无用的。”,He said,“,To,go,on,like,this,is no use.”,我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。,Its an honor for me,to,be,invited,to the,party,一直不做就是作恶。,归纳,:,常用,-ing,形式作主语的句型有：,It+be+a waste of time doing,做,是浪费时间的,It is/was no good/use doing,做,是没用处的,It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing,做,不值得,It is/was worth/worthwhile doing,做,是值得的,There is no doing,无法,;,不允许,归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：,There is no sense in doing,做,没有道理,There is/was no use doing,干,无意义,There is/was nothing worse than doing,没有比,更糟的,There is/was no point doing,干,无意义,我们不知道要去哪儿。,There was no knowing,where we would go.,做这件傻事毫无意义。,There is no,point,doing,such a silly thing,.,There is no sense in doing 做,二、动名词用作宾语,动名词作宾语有两种情况。,1.,只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有,avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand,等。,如：,我不能不去。,I cant,avoid going,你是否考虑过找一位挚友,?,Have you,considered,looking,for,one,special friend?,二、动名词用作宾语,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。,We must try to,avoid repeating,the same mistake,晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗,?,Do you,feel,like,having,a walk with me after,supper?,人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。,People,couldnt,help,laughing,foolish man,这类动词还有,:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk,insist on,look forward,feel like,等。,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。,need,require,want,作“需要”解时,后接动词,-ing,形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于,to be done,。如：,The radio needs/requires/wants repairing/to be repaired.,need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接,常跟动词,ing,作宾语的动词歌诀,:,考虑建议盼原谅，,承认推迟没得想，,避免错过继续练，,否认完成停能赏，,不禁介意准逃亡，,不准冒险凭想象。,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise,deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,forbid,risk,imagine,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，consid,2.,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,，常见的有：,begin,，,start,，,continue,，,like,，,love,，,prefer,，,by,，,mean,，,forget,，,remember,，,hate,等。,A,在,like,，,love,，,hate,，,prefer,等动词之后，用,-ing,或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。,B,在,begin/start,，,continue,之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。,2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begi,C,在动词,forget,，,remember,，,regret,之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：,我记得我已把信寄了。,I remember posting the letter,我会记着去寄信的。,Ill remember to post the letter,我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。,I shall never forget seeing the famous writer,不要忘了给你母亲写信。,Dont forget to write to your mother,我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。,I regret missing the report,我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。,I regret to say I cant take your advice,C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，,既跟动词,ing,又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀,:,双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。,不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。,begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue.,remember,forget,try,mean,stop,regret,want,need,require,既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:双方一旦开始，不论,动词,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help,后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，,须注意,:,forget,regret,remember,后跟动名词，,动名词表示已经发生的动作,；后跟不定式,表示将要发生的动作,。,动词forget,go on,mean,reg,go on doing,继续做原来做的事,go on to do,接着做另一件事,mean doing,意味着要做某事,mean to do,想要做某事,stop doing,停止做某事,stop to do,停下来,(,别的事,),开始,做某事,go on doing 继续做原来做的事mean doin,try doing,试着做某事,try to do,努力做某事,be used to doing,习惯于做某事,be used to do,被用来做某事,cant help doing,禁不住做某事,cant help to do,不能帮助做某事,try doing 试着做某事be used to do,3.,作介词宾语,动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。,A.,介词,+,动名词,如：,我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。,Weve got to think of ways,of changing,peoples habits.,我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。,I apologize,for,being,so angry with you.,离开几年之后再回到你的家乡,感觉有点怪。,After,being,away for several years,it is a,strange experience to return to the hometown.,3.作介词宾语,B.,动词,+,介词,+,动名词,如：,我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。,I,insist on taking,proper food fort his expedition,同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。,Instead,of,smiling,each of them made a face,她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。,She was very,interested in working,for our,company,下列短语中的,to,都是介词,所以后面跟名词,或,-ing,形式,:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to,等。,B.动词+介词+动名词,如：,需要注意的问题：,以下的动词后面加,动词的不定式,作宾语：,decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,需要注意的问题：以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语：,常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：,三个希望两答应，,两个要求莫拒绝,设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。,想要拒绝命令，,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，,希望决定开始。,hope;wish;want;agree;promise,demand;ask;refuse,manage;learn;decide,pretend;choose,want;refuse;order,need;try;learn,expect;agree;help,hope;wish;decide;begin;start,常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，想要拒绝命令，h,精析,:,根据句意“,it may now be too late to”,和“,already”,可知“河流已经被严重污染”,应用完成时。答案,A,。,高考链接,_ such heavy pollution already,it may,now be too late to clean up the river.(2004,全国,)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.That D.Suffered,精析:根据句意“it may now be too late,2,._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(,全国,2002)A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given,解析,:,本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。,分析题干,前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句,即,If he is given,因为主句是,it,从句应含,被动意义,这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义,即含被动意义。答案,A,。,2._ the general state of h,3.The picture _ on the wall is painted,by my niece.(2001,上海,),A.having hung B.hanging,C.hangs D.being hung,解析,:,分析题目可知,谓语是,is painted,那么选项部分,应是充当定语的。,A,项是现在分词的完成式,其一般,不作定语,只作时间或原因状语,;C,项动词“第三人称,单数”显然也不能作定语,只作谓语,;,分析,the picture,与动作,hang,之间的关系,其不含被动意义,D,项排除,;,B,项是现在分词的一般式,相当于定语从句,which,is hanging,。答案,B,。,3.The picture _ on the wal,4.Lets have a rest,Not now,I dont want to stop,_ yet,(MET 1985),A.study B.to study,C.for studying D.studying,解析,:,stop studying,意为“停止学习”。,D,4.Lets have a rest 解析:,5.Let me tell you something about,the journalists,Dont you remember _ me,the story yesterday?(1999,上海高考,),A.told B.telling,C.to tell D.to have told,解析,:remember telling me,意为,“记得曾经告诉过我”。,B,5.Let me tell you something,1.What made you so upset?,_ two tickets to the pop music,concert.,A.Losing B.Because of losing,C.To lose D.Because I had lost,2.I cant imagine _ that with them,A.do B.to do,C.being done D.doing,A,考考你,D,1.What made you so upset?A,3.He got well-prepared for the job,interview,for he couldnt risk _,the good opportunity.,A.to lose B.losing,C.to be lost D.being lost,4._ is forbidden inside the park.,A.To cycle B.We cycle,C.Anyone cycles D.Cycling,B,D,3.He got well-prepared for th,5.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same,office.She just refuses _ talking,while she works.,A.working;stopping,B.to work;stopping,C.working;to stop,D.to work;to stop,6.The old lady needs _.,A.look afterB.to look after,C.looking afterD.being looked after,C,C,5.I cant stand _ with Jane,1.If you can keep _(read)English,newspapers,your English will be improved.,2.He has promised _(come)to my,birthday party.,3.I hate _(tell)lies!,4.I will never forget _(go)to,Beijing with him last summer.,I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she,knew nothing about it.,Complete these sentences:,reading,to,come,telling/to,tell,going,to,tell,1.If you can keep _(re,1.,出国旅行是很激动人心的,。,2,在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧,。,3,我记得在哪里见过他,。,4,我后悔没听你的劝告,。,5,帮助别人就是帮助你自己,。,Travelling abroad is very exciting.,Its no use waiting here.Lets go.,I remember seeing her somewhere.,I regret not following your advice.,Helping others means helping yourself.,Translation,1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travelling abroa,
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