初中英语语法之定语从句课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,(,Attributive clause,),定语从句(Attributive clause),1,一,.,定语,定语用来限定、修饰,名词,或,代词,的，是对名词或,代词起,修饰、限定,作用的,词、短语（动词不定式,短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子,，汉语中,常用,的,表示。,主要由,形容词,担任，此外，,名词，代词，数词，,分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语,也可以来担任，,也可以由一个,句子,来担任。,作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。,短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作,后置定语。,一.定语,2,1.,概念,:,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子,.,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,(Attributive clause),Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,Mary is a girl,who has long hair,.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰,girl,叫做,定语从句,二,.,定语从句,1.概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attrib,3,1.The man is a farmer.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子,:,The man,who,is speaking at the meeting,is a farmer.,1.The man is a farmer.2.The,4,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl,who has long hair.,Mary is a girl.Mary has long h,5,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl,who,has long hair.,that,which,who,whom,whose,where,when,，,why,2.,结构：,先行词,+,关系词,+,句子,3.,先行词,：,被定语从句修饰的词叫,先行词,。通常位于定,语从句之,前,。,4.,关系词,：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系代词,关系副词,作用,A,、引导定语从句；,B,、代替先行词；,C,、在定语从句中担当一个成分,先行词关系词定语从句Mary is a girl who h,6,关系词通常有下列三个作用：,A,、,_,；,B,、,_,；,C,、,_,。,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfather,isapoliceman.,定语从句,先行词,关系词,“,who”,是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词,theman,，在定语从句中作主语。,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,关系词通常有下列三个作用：定语从句先行词关系词“who”是,7,三、关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who,指人，在从句中做主语,1)The boys _are playing soccer are from Class 1.,2)Yesterday I helped an old man _lost his way.,2.whom,指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和,非正式语体中常用,who,代替，常可省略。,Mr.Liu is the person _you,talked about.,2)The man _you met just now,is my friend.,(whom/who),who/whom,who,who,三、关系代词引导的定语从句(whom/who)who/wh,8,3.which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，,做宾语时可省略,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.,4.that,指人时，相当于,who,或者,whom,；,指物时，相当于,which,。,在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。,1)The people _come to visit the city are,all here.(,做主语,),2)Where is the man _I saw,this morning?(,做宾语,),做主语,做宾语,that/who,that/whom/who,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做主语做宾,9,小结：,that:,既可指人,也可指物,.,作主语,不能省略；,作宾语,可以省略。,which:,指物,作主语,不能省略,;,作宾语,可以省略,.,who,指人，作主语，不能省略；,作宾语，可以省略,（常用,whom,）,小结：,10,注,:,当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句,的谓语动词形式由先行词定,.,1)Im reading a book that/which _about Bill Gates.,2)He is a teacher who/that_ us Chinese.,3),The boys who _playing soccer are from Class 1.,5.whose,通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,(1)He has a friend _father is a doctor.,(2)I once lived in a house_ roof has fallen in.,我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。,is,teaches,are,whose,whose,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句 5.who,11,四,.,修饰物体时关系代词,that,和,which,的区分,(,一,),不用,that,的情况,1.,在引导,非限定性,定语从句时。,1)The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.,(_),2)The tree,which is four hundred years old,is very famous here.,(_),2.,介词后,不能用,。,1)We depend on the land from _we get,our food.,2)We depend on the land _we get,our food from.,错,对,which,that/which,四.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分错对wh,12,(,二,),只能用,that,作为定语从句的关系代词的情况,1.,当先行词是,everything,anything,nothing,(something,外,),all,none,few,little,some,等不定,代词时，或当先行词受,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,等代词修饰时。,如：,1)Haveyoutakendowneverything_Mr.Lisaid?,李老师讲的你都记下来吗？,2)All_canbedonehasbeendone.,所有能做的都做好了。,3)Thereislittle_Icandoforyou.,我不能为你干什么。,that,that,that,(二)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 tha,13,注意：,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代,who,，如：,1)Anyman_hasasenseofdutywont,do suchathing.,任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。,2)Alltheguests_wereinvitedtoher,weddingwereimportantpeople.,所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。,that/who,that/who,注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如：1)A,14,2,当先行词被序数词修饰时。,如：,Thefirstplace_theyvisitedinLondonwas,theBigBen.,在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。,3,当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,。如：,Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,that,that,2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstpla,15,4,当先行词被,thevery,theonly,the last,修饰时,。,1)Thisistheverydictionary_Iwanttobuy.,这正是我要买的词典。,2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonly,thing_heowns.,家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。,注意：,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词,who,。,WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschool_willattendthemeeting.,王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。,that,that,who,4当先行词被thevery,theonly,th,16,5,当先行词前面有,who,which,等疑问代词时。,如：,1)Whoistheman_isstandingbythegate?,站在门口的那个人是谁？,2)WhichistheT-shirt_fitsmemost?,哪件,T,恤衫最合我的身？,6,当先行词为人与物时。,如：,1)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings,_theyrememberedatschool,他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。,2)Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_are,walkingupthestreet.,瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。,that,that,that,that,5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：1,17,Exercise,1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,3.The man _ leg broke in a,match used to be a football player.,2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the,new dress _ I gave her.,which/that,whose,Exercise1.I have a friend _,18,4.My parents live in a house_,is more than 100 years old.,5.The boy with _ John spoke is,my brother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevin is reading a book _,is too difficult for him.,which/that,4.My parents live in a house_,19,7.Is there anything _ you want,to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9.The first one _ stands up is a,little boy.,that,that,that,7.Is there anything _,20,句子翻译,1.,这就是救了那个孩子命的医生,.,This is the doctor who saved the boys life.,2.,正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔,.,The man who is running is my uncle.,句子翻译1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is th,21,3.,我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐,.,I like the music that I can sing along with.,4.,住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师,.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the mu,22,Exercise 1:,用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.,The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.,I hate people _ talk much but do little.,The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,Exercise 1:用关系代词填空The boy _,23,5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.,6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?,7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.,8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用,that,.,5.The man _ hair is whit,24,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.,Say all _ you know.,Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是,something,anything,nothing,all,等词时，关系代词只能用,that.,Exercise 2.My father and his,25,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.,5.This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被,序数词，最高级,等词修饰时，关系代词只能用,that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?,7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是,who,或,which,引导的特殊疑问句时,，或中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用,that.,that,that,4.This is the first play _,26,where,指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来,表示地点的定语从句,。,1)Shanghai is the city _I was born.,=Shanghai is the city _was born in.,2)The house _I lived ten years ago has been,pulled down.,The house_ I lived in ten years ago,has been pulled down.,五、关系副词引导定语从句,关系副词：,where,when,why,在句中作状语。,where,which,where,which,where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来五、关系副词引导,27,2.when,引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语,也可做连接词用,.,I still remember the day _I first came to the,school.,2)The time _we got together finally came.,3.why,指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语,(1)Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane.,(2)I dont know the reason _he looks unhappy today.,when,when,why,why,2.when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语,28,六,.,关系副词,when,where,和,关系代词,that,which,的区分,同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用,where,，有时使用,that/which,；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用,when,，有时使用,that/which,。,这主要看两点：,一是,定语从句是否完整,；,二是,定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词,。请比较以下句子：,六.关系副词when,where和,29,1)This is the park_ we visited last year.,2)This is the park _we held a birthday party.,3)She wont forget the days _she spent on the,island.,4)She wont forget the days_ they stayed,together.,5)Thats the date _we went to the college.,6)Thats the date _she wont forget for ever.,7)I like the time _we lived together.,8)I like the time _we had together.,that,where,that,when,when,that,when,that,1)This is the park_ we vi,30,2.,关系副词,when,where,why,和“,介词,+which,”,之间的关系。,关系副词,when,where,why,可以用“,适当的介词,+which,”,来替代。,如：,when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which,介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。,2.关系副词when,where,why 和“介词+w,31,(1)The reason _he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year _he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.,(3)This is the room _I lived.=This is the room _I lived in.,(4)Tom still remembers the days _,they lived in Tianjin.,Why(),when(),where(),in which,in which,for which,which,when(,),in which,(1)The reason _,32,注意：,1,）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。,2,）,that,前不能有介词。,3,）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的,介词,+,关系词,结构可以同关系副,when,where,和,why,互换。,注意：,33,1)This is the house,_,I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.,2)Do you remember the day,you joined,our club?,=Do you remember the day when you joined our,club?,3)This is the reason why he came late.,=This is the reason _he came late.,in which,on which,for which,in whichon whichfor which,34,Exercise,1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.,which B.when C.that D.on that,2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.,A.which B.what C.why D.for that,3.Is this the place _ you were born?,A.which B.where C.what D.that,Exercise1.October 1,1949 is th,35,1.Is this,the place,_ you were born?,A.which B.where C.what D.that,2.Is this,the place,_ some German friends visited last year?,A.which B.where C.what D.why,1.Is this the place _ yo,36,3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.,A.which B.where C.what D.that,4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now,.,A.that B.where C.what D.why,3.The house _ the famous,37,5.He told her,the reason,_ he is unhappy,but she doesnt believe,the reason,_ he gives her.,A.why;why,B.why;which,C.that;why,D.which;why,5.He told her the reason_ h,38,一,.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative,pronouns and adverbs.,1.This is the only book _ I got last year.,2.Is this the book in _ you are interested?,3.This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.,4.Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist(,存在,)in the mother school.,5.All the desks _ are bought look really,wonderful.,that,which,that,that,that,一.Fill in the blanks with suit,39,6.Do you have any money _is used to build the,factory?,7.Tom has a toy,_ was given by his father.,8.This is the second watch _ my father bought,for me.,9.Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?,10.Is this the room _ we lived before?,11.This is the garden _ they stayed for a night.,that,which,that,that,which,where,where,6.Do you have any money _i,40,12.This is the garden _ they visited last time.,13.Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.,14.Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.,15.She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.,16.She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.,that,that,when,that,when,12.This is the garden _ th,41,Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the relative adverbs.,1.Is this the room _ we spent our childhood?,2.This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the shop.,3.I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time.,4.Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard.,5.There are 100 old men in the street,some of,_ are drinking tea.,where,that,that,when,whom,Fill in the blanks with the su,42,6.Do you know the days _ you spent on English?,7.All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary.,8.Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last time?,9._ we all know,the building will soon be destroyed.,10.I have the same book _ she has.,that,that,that,Which,that,6.Do you know the days _,43,