英语写作的主题句和段落【优质】课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Topic sentence and,paragraphs p44,Topic sentence and,1,段落的结构,口“人之立言,因字而成句,积句而成章,积章而成,口刘勰文心雕龙章句,口一篇文章只有漂亮生动的句子还是不够的,我们还,必须注意把文意所衔领的句子按照一定的规律组织,起来,成为一个或者数个段落,从而使要表达的各,层意思都清晰分明。只有这样构成的文章,才会给,人浑然一体但又清晰有致的美感。,段落的结构,2,口一、主题句,口“揭全文之指,或在篇首,或在篇中,或在篇末。在篇首,则后必顾之;在,未,则前必注之;在篇中,生题价停在正题,前,是刘熙载在艺概中,就是主题句(topic sentence).简单一点说,主题句就是对至段主题的概括,性陈述。段落中其他的句子都是对它的扩展、支持或证明,口主题句起着统摄全段的作用。在写作者一方,可以力顾着眼点,做到内容,酲目突出而且不跑题。而在读者一方,则可以通过主题句迅速地明确作者的主,题,读起文章来比较快捷,口需要指出的是,英语文章对全文的主旨句和段落主题句的要求是非汉语文章所,题的揭示很多,个英语作文学习者寄予相当的注意。为加强这方面的意识,我们下面看毛荣责,和 Dorine s.Houston合编的中国,评改中的两个例子,口一、主题句,3,B In this world we should think more of other people,than of ourselves.By so doing our world will be full of,happiness.this,of course is my personal view But it,is a lesson i have drawn from one of my own,experience.So now,i would like to share that,experience with you,my dear reader.,口这是一名中国大学生的作文 Applause on the Bus中的开头,在本书的中国编者看来,这样的开头自然而且不俗,符合汉语,作的习惯。然而美国编者认为:This is essential!a solid,essay,The writer uses an anecdote to make a point,Now we just need to give it a good,strong topic,这个开头段拟了个面的主题分 s own ideas to form it:她给,sentence using the writer,B In this world we should thin,4,aA little girl taught me and a busful,of people an important lesson,about the importance of thinking,more of other people than of,ourselves,d One day i took a very crowded bus,to school,aA little girl taught me and a,5,口在另外一篇作文 Part of My childh。od中,作者开头是这样写,a In my childhood there were so many things that were,worth calling to mind.Some made me happy some,made me excited and some made me sad.But among,them was an unforgettable thing when i think of it,my,good friend Tongtong will occur to me,口作为汉语读者来说,首先用抒情的笔法奠定一种氛围,然后引导,读者逐渐进入对于往事的回忆,这样的开头是非常自然而且感人三,的。但是美国编者显然不这样认为:,a This is a moving story about friends who have quarreled.,It needs a good topic sentence to bring the reader into,the feelings and message the writer wants to convey,口这位美国编者提供了这样的开头:,口在另外一篇作文 Part of My childh。od中,6,a One of the most unforgettable,experience of my childhood involves,my good friend Tong Tong.It,happened when i was eight years,old.,口我们从上面两个例子可以看出,尽管有千篇,一律的嫌疑,英语的写作追求的审美效果和,汉语写作是大相异趣的。学习英文写作,对,这样的差异要时刻牢记。,a One of the most unforgettabl,7,口主题句的位置,口一般说来,主题句既可以是在段落的开始,也可以处于段落的,中间或者末尾。,口1)主题句在段首,口主题句放在句首是英语段落写作中最常见的一种方法。中国,大学生作文评改的中国作者毛荣贵说:“笔者曾就美版的,Reader s Digest和Time两本期刊的100篇短文做过调查,发,现其中仅有两篇其 topic sentence:较为模糊,而有68篇的,topic sentence均被置于文/段首,其余30篇已经将段落的,topic sentence升格为小标题。”根据这种情况,我们建议所,有的英语作文初学者将段落的主题句放置于段首。下面是几个,相应的例子:,口主题句的位置,8,a Jane and Karen have many things in,common.To begin with,both girls have the,same background.Jane was born and,raised in the west and so was karen next,both girls are interested in the same kinds,of subjects in school.jane likes french,history and english in the same way,Karen likes spanish history and english,Furthermore both girls want to be teachers,Jane plans to become an elementary school,teacher.But Karen wants to be a high,school teacher.As you can see,the two,girls are almost like twins.,a Jane and Karen have many thi,9,D Even when we are very careful in the things we d,each day the risk of loss and injury is always with us.,Starting the day with a shower,we risk slipping and,falling through the glass door.Riding to work,we risk,collision,While we are away from our homes the risk,of fire and burglary is greater.Going to school,our,children risk being injured.We also loss through,unintentional actions of our own that might injure,others.Such events may occur regardless of how,careful we may try to be and they can cost us a lot of,money.Rather than taking the chance of being wiped,out financially we transfer some or our risks to others,we buy insurance.,D Even when we are very 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