英国历史与文化英文版课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/1/17,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/1/17,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/1/17,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/1/17,#,An Introduction to British History and Culture,An Introduction to British Hi,1,English History,Prehistoric England,Roman Britain(43-410),The Anglo-Saxons and Vikings(450-1066),Normans and Plantagenets(1066-1272),Lancaster and York(1272-1485),The Tudors(1485-1603),The Stuarts(1603-1714),Order and Disorder(1714-1837),Victoria and Empire(1837-1910),Peace and War(1910-1945),Contemporary Britain(1945-),English HistoryPrehistoric Eng,2,Chapter 1 Early England,Old Stone Age,70,0008000 BC,Middle Stone Age,83003500 BC,New Stone Age,35002500 BC,Bronze Age,2500700 BC,(Iberians),Iron Age,700100 BC,(Celts),The Dawning of English History 150 BC50,Chapter 1 Early England,3,Official title,United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,British Isles,including,Great Britain,the whole of,Ireland,all the offshore islands,1.1 Geography:,Some Terminology,Official title1.1 Geography,4,英国历史与文化英文版课件,5,isolated from Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea,once perceived as being on the edge of the world,The seas around Britain also acted as barriers against attempted invasions:,The Armada,1588;the French,1805,Nazi Germany,1940,1.1 Geography:,Geography and History,isolated from Europe by the En,6,Generally mild and temperate weather,allows farming to flourish across the country,North:less fertile land,wetter,South:fertile land,drier,1.1 Geography:,Weather,Generally mild and temperate w,7,Hunters and gatherers,Old Stone Age(Paleolithic),70,0008000 BC,Middle Stone Age(Mesolithic),83003500 BC,New Stone Age(Neolithic),35002500 BC,1.2 Early Settlers,Hunters and gatherers 1.2 Ear,8,New Stone Age,35002500 BC,Stonehenge,史前巨石阵,a monumental circular setting of large standing stones surrounded by an earthwork,1.2 Early Settlers,New Stone Age,35002500 BC1.,9,Stonehenge,Stonehenge,10,In Search of History 00:20 01:38,In Search of History 00:20,11,The Celts,(Iron Age,700100 BC),from north-western Europe,ancestors of the highland Scots,the Irish and Welsh,Gaelic,盖尔语,:language of Celtic origin,1.2 Early Settlers,1.2 Early Settlers,12,Chapter 2,Roman Britain,Chapter 2 Roman Britain,13,Roman Invasion,(55BC-410AD),British recorded history begins with,Roman invasion,.,first landing in,55 B.C,.led by,Julius Caesar,complete control over the land in 43 A.D.,leaving in around 410 A.D.,Roman Invasion(55BC-410AD),14,What is the meaning of B.C.and A.D.?,BC,stands for before Christ,AD,stands for the Latin phrase“anno domini”,means in the year of our Lord,The purpose of the BC/AD dating system,to make the birth of,Jesus Christ,the dividing point of world history,What is the meaning of B.C.an,15,Gaius Julius Caesar,(July 13,100 BC March 15,44 BC),a Roman military and political leader,played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the,Roman Empire,Gaius Julius Caesar,16,Roman Invasion,(55 BC-410 AD),First landing in 55 B.C.led by Julius Caesar,Reasons,the lure of treasures,to punish the,Celts,because of the help they rendered their fellow tribesmen in,Gaul,Results,failed because of weather,withdraw with hostages and prisoners,Roman Invasion(55 BC-410 AD,17,Roman Invasion,(55 BC-410 AD),2.,Complete control over the land in 43 A.D.,Leader,headed by the,Emperor Claudius,Reasons,came as imperialists to exploit and govern by right of being the superior,Roman Invasion(55 BC-410 AD,18,英国历史与文化英文版课件,19,Roman Invasion,(55BC-410 AD),3.,Leaving in around 410 A.D.,The Roman Empire,disintegrated,in 476 A.D.,left behind a well established,Celtic-Roman culture,Roman Invasion(55BC-410 AD)3.,20,Roman Soldiers,Roman Soldiers,21,Resistance to Roman Occupation,For nearly,400 years,Britain was under the Roman occupation,but it was never a total occupation.,Roman troops often withdrew.,Resistance,:the Picts,Two great walls to keep the Picts,:,Hadrians Wall,Antonine Wall,Resistance to Roman Occupation,22,英国历史与文化英文版课件,23,Roman Influence:,The Romanisation of Britannia,Roman laws,taxes,engineering skills,Architecture,Roman social system,The Latin Language,System of writing and numbering,Introduced a system of organized government in towns,Brought t,he new religion Christianity,to Britain,Roman Influence:The Roma,24,Roman Influence:,The Romanisation of Britannia,Roman towns:,London,York,Bath,baths,temples,amphitheatres,竞技场,Roman aqueducts,高架渠,Roman roads:,more than 5000 roads,a network of roads to connect large towns,Roman,civilization was based on,city life,in hundreds of,walled town,linked by,military roads,.,Roman Influence:The Roma,25,Roman town:,Bath,Roman town:,26,英国历史与文化英文版课件,27,Bath Abbey,Bath Abbey,28,英国历史与文化英文版课件,29,Roman amphitheatre,Roman amphitheatre,30,Roman aqueduct,Roman aqueduct,31,Roman Road,Roman Road,32,The Impact of Christianity,The Celts Religion,Polytheism,(,多神论,),Animals,rivers,and lakes were also treated as gods.,The Impact of Christianity The,33,Celtic gods and goddesses,Celtic gods and goddesses,34,Roman Britain,.,Christian merchants and traders arrived in England in the 1st century A.D,but made little impact.,In the 2nd century,Christianity slowly spread.,In the late 6th century,Christianity,was introduced widely in England.,Roman Britain.,35,Christianity,:belief in one godhead,The Celts Religion,:belief in several gods,After Constantines conversion to Christianity,Polytheism,(,多神论,),monotheism,(,一神论,),Britannia,Britannia,36,Anglo-Saxon period,I,n the middle of,the 5th century,Anglo-Saxons settled here.,English people owe much of their tradition,language,physical heritage to them,(tall,fair-haired).,Viking invasion:by the 8th,the Danish began to invade England in a successful way until,Alfred the Great,defeated them.,King Alfred the Great,(r.871-899,阿佛列大帝,),He is often regarded as the,first king of a united England.,He defeated the Danes at bat,tles.,Anglo-Saxon period,37,28,Beowulf,the oldest English epic,tells the story of a Scandinavian hero.Probably written in Northumbria in the early eighth century,it provides a striking picture of early Germanic life.The earliest surviving manuscript of Beowulf was written in Saxon in the late tenth century.,p73,28Beowulf,the oldest English,38,29,The Manuscript of Beowulf,29The Manuscript of Beowulf,39,32,An evil dragon robbed the holly cup away and guarded the cup in his cave not allowing anyone to touch it.,32An evil dragon robbed the ho,40,33,Beowulf led his men to sail across the sea to find the holly cup back for his people.,33Beowulf led his men to sail,41,The Norman Conquest,After Edward died,Duke of Normandy-,William I,was crowned in London,on Christmas Day,1066.,Significance,:,A.A new dynasty,a new aristocracy,B.A strong Norman government,feudal system,C.The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized and feudalized.,The Norman Conquest,42,封建时代,1)Williams rule(1066-1087),A.,strong monarchy,was established,B.,French language,was used in the court and upper classes,C.,Domesday Book,:great survey of the realm in 1089,2)Henry s reform(1154-1189),A.Established the,Plantagenet Dynasty,(1154-1485),B.replaced the feudal law with,royal or common law,the jury of 12 sworn men,3),Magna Carta(the Great Charter),in 1215,A.signed by king,John,B.,the basis of modern English constitution,C.the upholding of,individual rights,against arbitrary government,封建时代,43,4)the parliament in 1265,A.during Henry,Simon de Montfort called the first parliament,B.commoners sat for the first time,5)the Hundred Years War,(1337-1453),A.between,France and England,French won,B.introduced the,first standing armies,in Western Europe,C.,bourgeoisie,was pushed on a,higher rang,of social ladder,D.,fall of French language,in England,E.,England and France was separate,from each other entirely forever,4)the parliament in 1265,44,6)The back death in 1348,A.spread by,rat fleas,B.killed,1.5 million,out of the total 4 million people,C.,grain farming turned to sheep farming,7)Wat Tylers Uprising in 1381,A.in fighting against the,Poll Tax,in 1380,B.,marked the beginning of the end of serfdom,in medieval England,8)The war of the Roses,A.between,House of York(white rose)and House of Lancaster(red rose),B.,Marked the end of middle ages and beginning of,modern world,6)The back death in 1348,45,Great-great-great-grandson of Edward III,Henry VII,Henry VIII,Edward VI,Mary I,Elisabeth I,Great-great-great-grandson of,46,3.,走向现代英国,1,）,Henry,（,1509-1547,）,A.,the Church of England,separated from Roman Catholicism,B.king of England became,both the secular and religious world,C.king became,the real head of England as a nation state,3.走向现代英国 1）Henry （1509-1547,47,Mary I,Catholic,burning nearly three hundred Protestants at the stake,losing Calais,Mary ICatholic,48,2)Elizabeth (1558-1603),A.the last Tudor monarch,never got married for the good of the nation,B.secure the church of England,compromise between RC and P,C.destruction of Spanish Armada showed Englands superiority as a naval power,2)Elizabeth (1558-1603),49,Elisabeth I,Protestant,the Virgin Queen,Spanish Armada,Neutrality and compromise,Elisabeth IProtestant,50,3)The English Renaissance,A.from the beginning of,16th century to the 17th,century,B.the greatest English humanist:,The greatest English humanist,Thomas More,(Utopia),finest dramatists,Christopher Marlowe,Ben Johnson,William Shakespeare,non-dramatic poets,Edmund Spenser,Philip Sidney,Shakespeare and John Donne,John Milton(Paradise Lost),progenitor of English materialism,Francis Bacon,3)The English Renaissance The,51,James I 1603-1625,Charles I 1625-1649,Charles II 1660-1685,James II 1685-1688,William III 1688-1702 and Queen Mary II 1688-1694,Queen Anne 1702-1714,James I 1603-1625,52,James I,James I,53,Charles II,Plague(1665),Great Fire(1666),St.Pauls Cathedral by Sir Christopher Wren,Charles II Plague(1665),54,James II,escaped to France in 1648,disguised as a girl,Catholic,persecution of the Protestants,James II escaped to France in,55,4)The civil wars(1642-1651),A.parliamentary victory,1651,B.execution of Charles I,1649,C.,Protectorate(1653-1659)Oliver Cromwell,and his son,5)Restoration(1660),Charles returns with a big welcome and,was crowned in,April 1660,as the,restoration of,Stewart Dynasty,4)The civil wars(1642-1651),56,6)Glorious Revolution(1688),A.,James was,overthrown by,parliamentarians,with an invading army led by the,Dutch stadtholder William,of Orange,B.,Bill of Rights,autocratic monarchy-,constitutional monarchy,C.,marked the end of feudalism and the beginning of capitalism,Britain came into being,in 1707,with the,Act of Union,which united England and Scotland.,7)Whigs and Tories,Whigs favored reform and Tories are monarchists.,6)Glorious Revolution(1688),57,William III and Queen Mary II,offered the English crown,invaded England in 1688,William III and Queen Mary IIo,58,8)Enclosure,A.a significant rise during,the Tudor period,B.during 18-19th century,the,Enclosure Acts by the parliament,C.,harms,:Peasant Dispossessed of their land,D.,significance,:better farming methods,accumulation of capital,abundant food,cheap and mobile labor,8)Enclosure,59,19th century,:1)The Chartist Movement(18361848),Chartism:,a movement for,political and social,reform during the,mid-19th century.,The,six main aims,in the,Peoples Charter of 1838,were largely realized later.,Giving birth to the first mass,working class political party,the,National Charter Association,and,paving the way for,the success,in,a universal right to vote,.,19th century:1)The Chartist,60,2,)Colonial expansion,Motivation,:,A.economical motivation;,B.industrial revolution and search for new markets;,C.Struggle for mastery;,D.Maintaining order in profitable areas;,E.The moral guardian.,“The sun never sets”,2)Colonial expansion,61,Victoria,The British Empire,the longest reign in English history,the grandmother of Europe,Victoria The British Empire,62,20th century:,1.The Labor party,2.First world war,3.between the wars,4.Second world war,5.postwar Britain,6.joining the EEC(1973),7.Thatcher and her era,20th century:1.The Labor pa,63,Thatcher and her era,“,The Iron Lady”,(tight control of Britains monetary policy)-the first female Prime Minister in the nations history in,1979,.,The return to private ownership of state-owned industries,The use of monetarist policies to control inflation,The weakening of trade unions,The strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy,A emphasis on law and order,Thatcher and her era“The Iron,64,Queen Elizabeth II,Queen Elizabeth II,65,英国历史与文化英文版课件,66,