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,Module 4,Sandstorms in Asia,Grammar,Module 4Sandstorms in Asia,动词不定式及,but,用于动词不定式结构,【,新知导引,】,用括号内动词的适当形式填空,1.If theres a lot of work _(do),Im happy to just keep on until it,is finished.,2.My parents have always made me _(feel)well about myself,even when I was twelve.,3.Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed.He must,have done nothing but _(drink).,to do,feel,drink,动词不定式及but用于动词不定式结构to dofeeldri,4.Sandstorms in China appear _(increase)in recent,years as a result of“desertification”.,5.We cannot help but _(admire)his courage.,to have increased,admire,4.Sandstorms in China appear,【,知识详解,】,一,.,动词不定式,1.,动词不定式的形式。,不定式的一般式,(,表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,),to do(,主动,),to be done(,被动,),不定式的进行式,(,表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动作同时发生,),to be doing(,主动,),不定式的完成式,(,表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前,),to have done(,主动,),to have been done(,被动,),【知识详解】不定式的一般式(表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同,*Im glad,to meet you,.,见到你我很高兴。,(,动词不定式表示主动且其表示的动作与谓语所表示的状态同时进行,),*Id like,to be told whats going on,.,我希望被告知正在发生什么。,(,动词不定式表示的动作与主语之间是被动关系，且与谓语动作同时发生,),*He is said,to be studying abroad,but I dont know which country it is.,据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。,(,动词不定式表示动作正在进行,),*Im glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴,*They seem,to have cleaned,the house.,他们好像已经打扫了这个房子。,(,动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前且与主语是主动关系,),*The factory is reported,to have been burnt down,.,据报道这个工厂已经被烧毁了。,(,动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前且与主语是被动关系,),*They seem to have cleaned the,【,名师点津,】,在,intended,，,expected,，,hoped,，,promised,，,wanted,，,wished,，,thought,等后用动词不定式的完成式，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。,*,I hoped,to have finished,the work earlier,我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。,【名师点津】,在,seem,appear,think,consider,believe,等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以,it,作形式主语的结构代替。,*,He seems,to have bought,the new book,=It seems that he,has bought,the new book.,他好像已买了那本新书。,在seem,appear,think,conside,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,He wants _.,他想学英语。,She happened _ when I came in.,当我进来的时候，她碰巧正在写一封信。,The novel was said to _.,据说那部小说已经出版了。,to study English,to be writing a letter,have been published,【即学活用】完成句子。to study Englishto,2.,动词不定式的语法功能。,(1),作主语：当动词不定式作主语时，常用,it,作形式主语,把不定式后置。,*,To develop good habits,is very important.=It is very important,to develop good habits,.,养成好习惯很重要。,(,动词不定式作主语,),2.动词不定式的语法功能。,(2),作表语：,不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。,如果主语是不定式,(,表示条件,),，表语也是不定式,(,表示结果,),。,如果主语是以,aim,，,duty,，,hope,，,idea,，,happiness,，,job,，,plan,，,problem,，,purpose,，,thing,，,wish,等为中心的名词，或是,what,引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。,*,My job is,to drive them to the company every day,.,我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。,(,动词不定式作表语,),(2)作表语：,(3),作宾语：,*,Do you want,to visit the Great Wall,?,你想参观长城吗？,(,动词不定式作宾语,),(3)作宾语：,【,巧学助记,】,巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词,三个希望两答应,:hope,wish,want,agree,promise,两个要求莫拒绝：,demand,ask,refuse,设法学会作决定：,manage,learn,decide,不要假装在选择：,pretend,choose,【巧学助记】巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词,(4),作宾语补足语：,*,The teacher advised us,to have a rest first,.,老师建议我们先休息。,(,动词不定式作宾语补足语,),(4)作宾语补足语：,【,名师点津,】,在“一感,(feel),二听,(hear,listen to),三让,(let,have,make),四看,(observe,see,watch,look at)”,等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带,to,但当以上动词用于被动语态时要带,to,。,help,后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带,to,也可不带,to,。,(5),作定语：,*,Liu Yang was the first woman astronaut,to be sent into space,in China.,在中国刘洋是第一位飞上太空的女航天员。,(,动词不定式作定语,),【名师点津】在“一感(feel)二听(hear,list,【,名师点津,】,动词不定式作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面。,在,the first/second.last(+,n,.),的后面要用动词不定式作定语。,【名师点津】动词不定式作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面。,(6),作状语：,*,She reads,China Daily,every day,to improve her English,.,为了提高英语水平，她每天读,中国日报,。,(,动词不定式作目的状语，此时相当于,in order to,或,so as to,。,so as to,不能位于句首,),*He is too weak,to do the work,.,他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。,(,动词不定式作结果状语,),(6)作状语：,【,名师点津,】,“too.to.”,结构常表示“太,而不能”，但,too,之前如果有,only,此时不定式表肯定。因为,only too,表示“非常，很”。,too,后如果是,happy,glad,之类的形容词时，不定式也表肯定意义。,“形容词,/,副词,enough,不定式”结构中，动词不定式也表示结果。,动词不定式还可表示意外的结果。,【名师点津】“too.to.”结构常表,*They are,only too lucky to,go abroad for a visit.,他们很幸运去国外访问。,*,He hurried to see his girlfriend,only to find,she had left.,他匆忙去见他的女朋友，结果却发现她已经离开了。,*They are only too lucky to go,(7),疑问词,+,不定式结构：,疑问词,who,，,what,，,which,，,when,，,where,和,how,后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。例如,:,*,When to start,has not been decided.,何时动身尚未决定。,(,主语,),*The difficulty was,how to cross,the river.,困难在于如何过河。,(,表语,),*I can tell you,where to get,this book.,我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。,(,宾语,),(7)疑问词+不定式结构：,【,思维延伸,】,动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义,(1),动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,*,We have masses of work,to do,today,Hurry up,！,今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！,(2),在“,be+,性质形容词,+,动词不定式”结构中。,*,The water is not fit,to drink,，,so hold out until we get to a shop.,这水不能喝。坚持住，我们会找到商店的。,【思维延伸】动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义,(3),动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。,*,What to do,next hasnt been decided.,下一步该做什么还没有决定。,(4),在“,be to blame”,中常用主动形式表示被动意义。,*,I felt I,was to blame,for this bicycle accident.,我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。,(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。,(5),当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。,*,He is the very man,to choose/to be chosen,for the work,他正是这项工作的最佳人选。,(5)当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,Many graduates want _to Tibet.,许多大学毕业生想被分配到西藏去。,It is a good thing for him _.,他受到批评是件好事。,He didnt know _.,他不知道该怎样回答她。,to be sent,to have been criticized,how to answer her,【即学活用】完成句子。to be sentto have b,二,.but,用于不定式结构,but,作连词，意为“除了”时可以用于不定式结构。,1.,用于,cannot but,，,cannot choose but,，,cannot help but,等短语后，其不定式通常不带,to,。这些短语相当于,have to,。,cant help but do.(,不得不做,;,不可能不做某事,),；,cant but do.(,禁不住，情不自禁,),*I,couldnt choose but speak,the truth.,我不能不说真话。,二.but用于不定式结构,2.,当,but(,表示“除,之外”,),前有实义动词,do,的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带,to,。其他情况下不定式通常都要带,to,。,*,There was,nothing to do but wait,till he came back.,没什么事可干了，除了等他回来。,2.当but(表示“除之外”)前有实义动词do的某种形,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,他允许我们用他的电脑。,He allows us _ his computer.,我经常听到他拉小提琴。,I often hear him _.,除了等待之外，我别无选择。,I have no choice but _.,to use,play the violin,to wait,【即学活用】完成句子。to useplay the viol,【,典题研习,】,用所给动词的适当形式填空,(2014,北京高考,)There are still many problems_(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.,【典题研习】,【,思路演示,】,分析句式,:,句子的主要成分是,There are still many problems,空格处在句中作定语修饰名词,problems,。,理清句意,:,在我们准备长期待在月球上之前,仍然有许多问题要去解决。,抓取关键,:,关键看,still,这个词,表示动作发生在将来,;,根据,problems,和,solve,的关系可知用被动语态。根据非谓语动词作定语的规则,:,现在分词表示主动和正在发生,;,过去分词表示被动和完成,;,不定式表示将要发生。,断定答案,:to be solved,。,【思路演示】,【,即学活用,】,1.(2015,福建高考,)_(learn)more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.,【,解析,】,To learn,。考查非谓语动词。句意,:,为了了解更多的关于中国文化的知识,杰克已决定把中国民乐作为选修课。不定式表示目的。,【即学活用】,2.(2015,北京高考,)_(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.,【,解析,】,To catch,。考查非谓语动词。句意,:,为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。根据句意和结构可知,应该用不定式作目的状语。,2.(2015北京高考)_(catch)t,3.(2014,江西高考,)He is thought_(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.,【,解析,】,to have acted,。句意,:,他被认为举止愚蠢。现在除了他自己没人为他失去这份工作负责。,be thought,后应该接不定式,act,的动作发生在,think,动作之前,故应该用不定式的完成式。,3.(2014江西高考)He is thought_,4.(2014,山东高考,)Its standard practice for a company like this one_(employ)a security officer.,【,解析,】,to employ,。句意,:,对于一个像这样的公司来说,雇用一个保安是常规做法。句中的,it,是形式主语,to employ a security officer,是真正的主语。,4.(2014山东高考)Its standard pr,5.(2014,天津高考,)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only_(find)it didnt fit.,【,解析,】,to find,。句意,:,她急切地从包装袋里拿出裙子,试穿了一下,结果发现它不合身。根据句子的前半句“,Anxiously,she took the dress out of.”,可知她是焦急地拿出裙子,这与“,.it didnt fit.”,联系可知是出现了意料之外的结果,故用,only to do,形式。,5.(2014天津高考)Anxiously,she t,【,真题备选,】,1.(2014,湖南高考,)_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.,【,解析,】,To free,。句意,:,为了避免身体上和精神上的紧张,我们每一个人都需要沉思和内心的寂静。此处用不定式表目的。,【真题备选】,2.(2014,陕西高考,)_(work)the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.,【,解析,】,To work out,。句意,:,为了解出那道数学难题,我去向,Russell,教授咨询过好几次。所填词作目的状语,用动词不定式。,2.(2014陕西高考)_(work)t,3.(2014,四川高考,)I hope to take the computer course.,Good idea._(find)more about it,visit this website.,【,解析,】,To find out,。句意,:,我希望学习电脑。,好主意。为了了解更多,(,你,),去访问一下这个网站。此处动词不定式位于句首作目的状语,意为“为了”。,3.(2014四川高考)I hope to take,4.(2013,山东高考,)I stopped the car_(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.,【,解析,】,to take,。句意,:,我感到累了,因此停下车休息了一小会儿。,to do,不定式在句中作目的状语。,4.(2013山东高考)I stopped the ca,5.(2013,四川高考,)The airport_(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.,【,解析,】,to be completed,。句意,:,明年将要完工的机场会有助于促进这一地区的旅游业发展。根据时间状语,next year,可知表示将要被完成,用不定式的被动形式。,5.(2013四川高考)The airport_,6.(2013,重庆高考,)The engine just wont start.Something seems_(go)wrong with it.,【,解析,】,to have gone,。句意,:,发动机无法启动。看起来它出了些问题。,sb./sth.seems,加不定式,为固定句式,常指“似乎发生了什么”。而此处故障已经发生了,故使用,to have gone,。,6.(2013重庆高考)The engine just,7.(2013,湖南高考,)_(stay)warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.,【,解析,】,To stay,。句意,:,为了在晚上保持温暖,我会往炉子里添柴,并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火添柴。,to stay,为不定式在句中作目的状语。,7.(2013湖南高考)_(stay)w,8.(2012,山东高考,)George returned after the war,only_(tell)that his wife had left him.,【,解析,】,to be told,。句意,:,乔治战后归来,却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。,only to be told,表示出乎意料的结果,George,与,tell,之间是被动关系,故用,to be told,。,8.(2012山东高考)George returned,9.(2014,重庆高考,)Group activities will be organized after class_(help)children develop team spirit.,【,解析,】,to help,。动词不定式表示目的。,9.(2014重庆高考)Group activities,10.(2013,北京高考,)Volunteering gives you a chance_(change)lives,including your own.,【,解析,】,to change/of changing,。句意,:,志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会,包括你自己的生活。题干中已经有谓语动词,gives,故只能用非谓语形式,chance,后往往接,of doing sth.,或,to do sth.,即,give sb.a chance to do sth./of doing sth.,给某人做某事的机会。,10.(2013北京高考)Volunteering gi,谢谢,1._？Yes，please.Iwantasweater.A.IsthisyoursweaterB.Whatdoyouwant,C.CanIhelpyou D.Howareyou2.Whatcolordoyouwant？Iwanta_one.,A.brownB.niceC.longD.small3.Thisshirtisverysmall.Ineeda_one.,A.shortB.longC.redD.big,4.Mum，I_10dollarsforthebag.Canyougive(给)me？A.haveB.needC.knowD.think,5.Whereareher_？Look！Theyareonherfeet(脚).A.skirtsB.trousersC.shoesD.sweaters6.Thesocksare_sale.Theyreverycheaponly1.5yuan.,A.inB.atC.onD.of7.TheyhavethebeautifulT-shirts_onlytendollars.,A.atB.inC.onD.for8.Weselltheseapples_agoodprice.A.inB.atC.ofD.on,9.IwanttoseethemovieIronMan3(钢铁侠3).Doyouknowthe_oftheticket？A.numberB.priceC.kindD.name,10.Thecakelooks_anditsells_.A.well；wellB.well；goodC.good；goodD.good；well,11.Mr.Greendoesntlikehiscarnow.Hewantsto_it.A.buyB.sellC.takeD.get,12.Elevenandtwelveis_.,A.twentyB.twenty-twoC.thirtyD.twenty-three13.Howmuchisthisskirt？Its15dollars.,_.Hereyouare.A.Itsexpensive(昂贵的)B.Itscheap(便宜的)C.Illtakeit D.Letsbuy,14.Howmany_arethereintheroom？Abouttwenty-four.A.girlB.manC.boyD.women15.Thankyouforyourhelp，Grace.,_.A.Hereyouare B.Thatsoundsboring,C.YourerightD.,点绛唇.绍兴乙卯登绝顶小亭,缥缈危亭，笑谈独在千峰上。与谁同赏。万里横烟浪。,老去情怀，犹作天涯想。空惆怅。少年豪放。莫学衰翁样。,（1）词句注释 点绛唇：词牌名。此调因梁江淹咏美人春游诗中有“白雪凝琼貌，明珠点绛唇”句而取名。绝顶亭：在吴兴西北弁山峰顶。,缥缈：隐隐约约，亦因其高而之似可见似不可见，应题目中的“小亭”。,危亭：说文：“危，高而惧也。”此言亭之高，应题目的“绝顶”，绝顶亭就是因所位置之高而命名。烟浪：烟云如浪，即云海。天涯想：指恢复中原万里河山的梦想。衰翁：衰老之人。,（2）诗歌浅译：小亭在高耸入云的山峰，隐隐约约浮现着。在千峰上独,谢谢1._？Yes，please,
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