鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件

语法专项课件,初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,语法专项课件初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,Unit 1,语法专项课件,（情态动词,could,的用法）,Unit 1,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,情态动词三注意,：,情态动词,表示说话人的语气或情绪,情态动词,无人称和数的变化,情态动词,后跟动词原形,常见的情态动词,：,must,can,may,shall,could,might,should,will,would,need,等。,情态动词用法大观,情态动词三注意：情态动词用法大观,4,could,2.,表示过去一般的能力,，意为“,能、会,”。,1.,表示委婉请求，,意为“,可以,”。,3.,表示,猜测,时，意为“,可能,”。,Could,you speak English then?,Could,I use your pen?,You,could,be right,but I dont think you are.,could,的,常见用法,could2.表示过去一般的能力，意为“能、会”。1.表示,5,could,的句式结构,肯定句,：,could,+,动词原形,否定句,：,could,后,加,not,（缩写,为,couldnt,),一般疑问句,：,could,提前,I,could,speak English when I was three.,I,couldnt,speak English when I was three.,Could,you speak English when you were three?,句式结构,could的句式结构肯定句：could+动词原形否定句：,6,易错,点,can,could,表示与生俱来的能力。,表示过去拥有的一般的能力。,表推测时，,只用于,否定句或疑问句,中,。,表推测时，可用于肯定句、否定句以及疑问句。,表示请求或允许。,表示请求，语气更委婉。,can,和,could,的区别,易错点cancould表示与生俱来的能力。表示过去拥有的,7,易错,点,can,和,could,的区别,Chicken cant swim in the river.,He said he could see me next week.,(can,表与生俱来的能力）,(could,表示过去能够做某事）,易错点can 和 could的区别Chicken cant,8,易错,点,can,和,could,的区别,It cant be true.,We could go there this summer.,(,表推测，,can,用于否定句）,(,表推测，不限句式）,易错点can 和 could的区别It cant be t,9,易错,点,can,和,could,的区别,Can,I use your pen?,Could,I use your pen?,(can,表请求）,(could,表更委婉请求）,Yes,of course you,can,.,注意：对请求、允许相关问句的回答，只能用,can,。,易错点can 和 could的区别Can I use you,10,【,典例,1】_ I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you _.,A.Can;could B.Could;can,C.May;can D.Could;could,考查情态动词。句意：,我可以借用一下你的字典吗？,当然可以。表示“委婉请求”选用,could,，需要用,can,来回答。故答案选,B,。,【典例1】_ I borrow your dic,11,【,典例,2】That man must be Sarahs husband.No,he _be her husband.She is still single.A.cant B.mustnt,C.may not D.couldnt,考查情态动词。句意：,那个人一定是萨拉的丈夫。,不，那不可能是她丈夫。她是单身。根据句意，表示确切的否定的推测选用,cant,，答案选,A,。,【典例2】That man must be Sarahs,12,Unit2,语法专项课件,（提建议句型以及回答）,初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,Unit2 初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,提建议的表达方式,1.Why dont you+,动词原形,Why not+,动词原形,意为“为什么不,？”,Why dont,you,have,a picnic with us?,Why not get,him a book?,提建议的表达方式1.Why dont you+动词原,15,提建议的表达方式,2.How about+,名词、代词或动名词,What about+,名词、代词或动名词,意为“,怎么样？”,How/What about,this blue dress?,How/What about,going swimming?,提建议的表达方式2.How about+名词、代词或动,16,提建议的表达方式,3.Youd better(not)+,动词原形,意为“你最好（不）做某事”。,Youd better take off,your coat.Its hot inside.,提建议的表达方式3.Youd better(not),17,提建议的表达方式,4.Lets+,动词原形,shall we?,意为“让我们,，好吗？”。,Lets take,the children to the park,shall we?,提建议的表达方式4.Lets+动词原形,shall,18,提建议的表达方式,5.Shall we/I+,动词原形,意为“我们,/,我,好吗？”,Shall we go,boating?,Shall I open,the window?,提建议的表达方式5.Shall we/I+动词原形Sh,19,提建议的表达方式,6.Would you like+,名词或动词不定式,意为“你们,/,你想要,吗？”。,Would you like,a cup of coffee?,Would you like to go,shopping with us?,提建议的表达方式6.Would you like+名词,20,提建议的表达方式,7.Would you please+,动词原形,意为“请你,好吗？”。,Would you please turn down,the radio?,提建议的表达方式7.Would you please+,21,易错点,1.,同意对方的建议时,，一般用：,Good idea./Thats a good idea.,好主意,OK./All right.,好的。,Yes,please./Id love to.,好的,/,我愿意。,No problem.,没问题。,I agree with you.,我同意你的观点。,Sure./Of course./Certainly.,当然。,Yes,I think so./I will.,我想是这样的,/,我会的。,回答建议的表达方式,易错点1.同意对方的建议时，一般用：回答建议的表达方式,22,易错点,Shall we go swimming?,Good idea,.,回答建议的表达方式,Would you like to have a drink?,Yes,please.Id love to,.,易错点Shall we go swimming?回答建议的,23,易错点,2.,对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉拒绝时,，一般用：,I dont think so.,我不是这样认为的。,Sorry,I cant.,对不起，我不能。,Sorry,but,抱歉，但是,Id love/like to,but,我很愿意去，但是,Im afraid,恐怕,回答建议的表达方式,易错点2.对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉拒绝时，一般用：回答建,24,易错点,Would you please go hiking with me?,Id love to,but I have to have piano lessons.,回答建议的表达方式,Lets make it earlier,OK?,Sorry,I cant,.,易错点Would you please go hiking,25,【,典例,1】Would you like to go to the Childrens Center to help this weekend?,_.,A.Thank you B.No,I cant C.Sure,Id love to,考查表建议句型。句意：,你本周能来儿童中心帮忙吗？,当然，我愿意。同意对方的建议时用,Sure,Id love to,等来回答。,【典例1】Would you like to go to,26,【,典例,2】Its hot today.Why not go for a swim?,_.Lets go.,A.Good idea B.Thats right,C.Not at all D.Well done,考查表建议句型。句意：,今天天很热，为什么不去游泳呢？,好主意，让我们走吧。同意对方的建议时用,Good idea,等来回答。,【典例2】Its hot today.Why not,27,【,典例,3】Could you please not run in the hallways?,_.,A.Sure.Ill do it right away,B.No,not at all,C.Sorry,I wont do it again,考查表建议句型。句意：,能不能不要再走廊里乱跑？,抱歉，我不再乱跑了。对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉拒绝时，用,Sorry,等来回答。,【典例3】Could you please not run,28,Unit 3,语法专项课件,（过去进行时）,Unit 3,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,过去进行时定义,过去进行时表示,过去某一时刻或某一段时间内,正在进行或发生的动作。,过去进行时定义过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进,31,过去进行时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,was/were+,not+doing,Was/Were+,主语,+,doing?,was/were+doing,He was sleeping at that time.,He wasnt sleeping at that time.,Was he sleeping at that time?,肯定形式,过去进行时的结构否定形式问句形式was/were+not,32,过去进行时标志词,then,at that time,this time yesterday,at 5 oclock last night,all night,all the morning,from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday,They,were having,a class this time yesterday.,I,was drawing,a horse when the teacher came in.,过去进行时标志词then,at that time,th,33,动名词变化规则,口诀,规则,例子,直,1.,一般情况下，直接在动词后加,-ing,。,play,playing,去,2.,动词以不发音的,-e,结尾，要去,-e,加,-ing,。,take taking,双,3.,重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加,-ing,。,cut cutting,变,4.,以,-ie,结尾的动词，把,ie,变成,y,再加,-ing,。,lie-lying,动名词变化规则口诀规则例子直1.一般情况下，直接在动词后加,34,易错点,1,when,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,1.,状语从句表示,短时间的动作,，主句常用进行时态或完成时态。,When I,came,in,he,was reading,the newspaper.,非延续性动词：,come,go,leave,arrive,meet,die,等。,易错点1when的用法when和while引导时间状语从句1,35,易错点,1,when,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,2.,状语从句表示,长时间的动作或状态,，主句常用进行时态。,When she,was making,a call,I,was writing,a letter.,易错点1when的用法when和while引导时间状语从句2,36,易错点,1,when,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,3.,表示,突然发生某事,，意思是“正在,时突然”，主句常用过去进行时，,when,从句常用一般过去时。,I,was,just,coming,along to see you when I,ran,into,Wilson.,易错点1when的用法when和while引导时间状语从句3,37,易错点,1,while,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,1.,主句和从句都用,一般过去时,。,She,listened,carefully while he,read,.,延续性动词：,read,study,sleep,write,listen,watch,等。,易错点1while的用法when和while引导时间状语从句,38,易错点,1,while,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,2.,从句用,过去进行时,，主句用,一般过去时,。,While I,was watching,TV,Tom,came in,.,易错点1while的用法when和while引导时间状语从句,39,易错点,1,while,的用法,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句,3.,主句和从句都用,过去进行时,。,While I,was watching,TV,she,was doing,some cleaning.,易错点1while的用法when和while引导时间状语从句,40,易错点,2,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,过去进行时,一般过去时,1.,表示动作在持续或未完成。,1.,表示某一动作已经完成。,2.,表示动作反复地进行。,2.,表示只做一次动作。,易错点2用法不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时一般过,41,易错点,2,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,She,was writing,a letter to her friend at eight last night.,She,wrote,a letter to her friend last night.,(,信不一定写完,),(,信写完了,),She,waved,to me.,She,was waving,to me.,（挥了挥手）,（反复挥手）,易错点2用法不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别She was,42,易错点,2,标志词不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去时间点：,at that time,this time yesterday,at 7 oclock yesterday evening,等。,过去时间点：,just,now,yesterday,this morning,three years ago,等。,过去时间段：,from six,to nine yesterday,from morning till night,all those days,等。,过去时间段：,in the past,in+,过去的年份,last week,once upon a time,等。,易错点2标志词不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时一般,43,易错点,2,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,We were having supper,at this time yesterday,.,It was raining,all those days,.,I was reading English,while,my mother was cooking breakfast.,（过去进行时）,易错点2过去进行时和一般过去时的区别We were havi,44,易错点,2,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,I lived in Beijing,three years ago,.,The first Olympic Games happened,in 1896,.,Anny,used to,be short,but she becomes taller now.,（一般过去时）,易错点2过去进行时和一般过去时的区别I lived in B,45,【,典例,1】Little Tom _ computer games when his mother got home.,A.is playing B.plays,C.was playing D.playing,考查时态。句意：当妈妈到家的时候，小汤姆正在玩电脑游戏。,when,引导时间状语从句，主句多用进行时，时间发生在过去，故用过去进行时。,【典例1】Little Tom _ compute,46,【,典例,2】Turn off the water while you _ your teeth or washing your hands.,A.were brushing B.brush,C.are brushing D.brushed,考查时态。句意：当你刷牙或洗手的时候，请关掉水龙头。,while,引导时间状语从句，时态保持一致，,brushing,与,washing,并列；习惯的动作，故选现在进行时。,【典例2】Turn off the water while,47,【,典例,3】I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening,but no one answered.,Sorry,I _ clothes at that time.,A.wash B.washed,D.am washing D.was washing,考查时态。句意：,昨晚八点我打电话给你，但是没有人接。,不好意思，那个时候我正在洗衣服。,at that time,为过去进行时标志词，选用,was/were doing,。,【典例3】I called you at 8:00 yes,48,Unit4,语法专项课件,（过去进行时,VS,一般过去时）,Unit4,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,过去进行时定义,过去进行时表示,过去某一时刻或某一段时间内,正在进行或发生的动作。,过去进行时定义过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进,51,过去进行时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,was/were+,not+doing,Was/Were+,主语,+,doing?,was/were+doing,He was sleeping at that time.,He wasnt sleeping at that time.,Was he sleeping at that time?,肯定形式,过去进行时的结构否定形式问句形式was/were+not,52,一般过去时定义,一般过去时表示,过去发生的动作或存在的状态,，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,一般过去时定义一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也表,53,一般过去时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,主语+,didnt,+动原,+,.,主语+,was/were,+,not+,.,Did+,主语,+,动原,+,.?,Was/Were+,主语,+,.,.?,主语+动词过去式+.,主语+,was/were,+.,I cleaned my room last week.,I didnt cleaned my room last week.,Did you cleaned your classroom last week?,肯定形式,一般过去时的结构否定形式问句形式主语+didnt+,54,易错点,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,过去进行时,一般过去时,1.,表示动作在持续或未完成。,1.,表示某一动作已经完成。,2.,表示动作反复地进行。,2.,表示只做一次动作。,易错点用法不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时一般过去,55,易错点,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,She,was writing,a letter to her friend at eight last night.,She,wrote,a letter to her friend last night.,(,信不一定写完,),(,信写完了,),She,waved,to me.,She,was waving,to me.,（挥了挥手）,（反复挥手）,易错点用法不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别She was w,56,易错点,标志词不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去时间点：,at that time,this time yesterday,at 7 oclock yesterday evening,等。,过去时间点：,just,now,yesterday,this morning,three years ago,等。,过去时间段：,from six,to nine yesterday,from morning till night,all those days,等。,过去时间段：,in the past,in+,过去的年份,last week,once upon a time,等。,易错点标志词不同过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时一般过,57,易错点,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,We were having supper,at this time yesterday,.,It was raining,all those days,.,I was reading English,while,my mother was cooking breakfast.,（过去进行时）,易错点过去进行时和一般过去时的区别We were havin,58,易错点,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,I lived in Beijing,three years ago,.,The first Olympic Games happened,in 1896,.,Anny,used to,be short,but she becomes taller now.,（一般过去时）,易错点过去进行时和一般过去时的区别I lived in Be,59,【,典例,1】I _ tennis with my cousin every day when I was in America.,A.play B.played,C.had played D.has played,考查时态。句意：当我在美国的时候，我每天都跟我的堂哥一起打网球。根据句意可知，在过去经常做的事情，选用一般过去时。,【典例1】I _ tennis with my c,60,【,典例,2】I didnt hear the phone because my father _ TV then.,A.is watching B.was watching,C.watched D.watches,考查时态。句意：因为我爸爸那个时候在看电视，所以我没有听到电话。,then,那一刻，是过去进行时标志词，根据句意选用过去进行时结构,was/were doing,。,【典例2】I didnt hear the phone b,61,【,典例,3】Do you know who took the students to the old peoples home,Tony?,Well,Mr.Smith _.,A.took B.does C.did D.do,考查时态。句意：,托尼，你知道谁把这些学生带到敬老院了吗？,恩，史密斯先生。根据问句可知，此事发生在过去，排除,B/D,。,took,后边缺少成分。,【典例3】Do you know who took the,62,Unit 5,语法专项课件（形容词、副词的,比较级和最高级）,Unit 5,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,形,/,副比较级、最高级定义,两者比较用 ,3,者用,最高级,，,比较级,，后接,than,前加,the,基本 用法,Lily is tall,er than,me.,Tom is,the tallest,boy in our class.,形/副比较级、最高级定义 基本 用法Lily is tal,65,比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,规则,原级,比较级,最高级,（,1,）一般单音节词在词尾加,-er,和,-est,long,fast,longer,faster,longest,fastest,（,2,）以“,e”,结尾的单音节词在词尾加,-r,和,-st,nice,late,nicer,later,nicest,latest,比较级和最高级的构成规则变化规则原级比较级最高级（1）一般单,66,比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,规则,原级,比较级,最高级,（,3,）重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写最后一个辅音字母，再加,-er,或,-est,big,hot,sad,glad,bigger,hotter,sadder,gladder,biggest,hottest,saddest,gladdest,（,4,）辅音字母,+y,结尾，变,y,为,i,，再加,-er,和,-est,heavy,angry,funny,heavier,angrier,funnier,heaviest,angriest,funniest,比较级和最高级的构成规则变化规则原级比较级最高级（3）重读闭,67,比较级和最高级的构成,巧学妙记,比较级要变化,，一般词尾加,-er,。,词尾若有哑音,e,，直接加,r,就可以。,一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。,辅音字母加,y,，要把,y,改,i,。,最高级加,-est,，前面加,the,莫忘记。,形容词若是多音节，只把,more,most,前面写。,比较级和最高级的构成巧学妙记比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er。,68,比较级和最高级的构成,不规则变化,原级,比较级,最高级,good/well,好的,better,更好的,best,最好的,bad,差的，,ill,坏的,worse,更差的；更坏的,worst,最差的；,最坏的,many/much,多的,more,更多的,most,最多的,little,少的,less,更少的,least,最少的,比较级和最高级的构成不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/we,69,比较级和最高级的构成,不规则变化,原级,比较级,最高级,old,年老的；古老的,older,较老的；较旧的,oldest,最老的；最旧的；最年长的,elder,年长的,eldest,最年长的,far,远的,farther,（指距离）更远的,farthest,（指距离）最远的,further,（指距离和抽象概念）较深远的,furthest,（指距离和抽象概念）最深远的,比较级和最高级的构成不规则变化原级比较级最高级old年老的；,70,比较级和最高级的常见用法,原级,句型,例句,(1)“as+,形容词原级,+as”,，在否定句中用“,not so.as”,结构,Lucy is,not so tall as,Lily.,露西不如莉莉高。,(2),倍数,+as+,形容词原级,+as,Our school is,three times as,big as,theirs.,我们的学校是他们的三倍大。,比较级和最高级的常见用法原级句型例句(1)“as+形容词原级,71,比较级和最高级的常见用法,用法,例句,(1),双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级,+than”,结构,China is,larger,than,Italy.,中国比意大利大。,(2),用于“,less+,原级,+than”,（注意此结构不用于单音节词）,The book is,less,interesting,than,that one.,这本书不如那本书有趣。,(3),倍数,+,比较级,+than,The box is,three times bigger,than,that one.,这个箱子是那个的三倍大。,比较级,比较级和最高级的常见用法用法例句(1)双方比较，表示一方超过,72,比较级和最高级的常见用法,用法,例句,(4)“,比较级,+and+,比较级”表示“越来越,”,Our country is becoming,stronger and stronger,.,我们的国家正变得越来越强大。,(5)“the+,比较级,，,the+,比较级,”,表示“越,，就越,”,The more,the better,.,多多益善。,(6)the+,比较级,+of the two+,名词复数,The taller of the two boys,is my brother.,两个男孩中，较高的那一个是我的哥哥。,比较级,比较级和最高级的常见用法用法例句(4)“比较级+and+比较,73,比较级和最高级的常见用法,用法,例句,(1)the+,形容词最高级,+,名词,+,表示范围的短语或从句,Spring is,the best season of,the year.,春天是一年中最好的季节。,(2)“one of the+,最高级,+,复数名词”表示“最,之一”,Kobe is,one of the best basketball players,in NBA.,科比是,NBA,最好的篮球运动员之一。,最高级,比较级和最高级的常见用法用法例句(1)the+形容词最高级+,74,易错点,1,形容词比较级前可用,a lot/far/a bit/much/even/still,等词来修饰，表示“,得多”，“更,”,，“,一些”。,very,really,so,too,rather,pretty,quite,等词后只能用原级。,The problem is,a lot,more difficult than that one.,这道题比那道题要难得多。,He is,so,careless that he loses the purse.,他是如此粗心以至于弄丢了钱包。,常见的用来修饰比较级的副词,易错点1形容词比较级前可用a lot/far/a bit/m,75,易错点,2,(1),形容词最高级用于同自身不同场合相比较时不带,the,。例如：,Im,busiest,on Mondays.,我星期一最忙。,(2),形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格时，不带,the,。例如：,Alice is the old mans,youngest,daughter.,艾丽斯是这位老人最小的女儿。,形容词最高级前不用,the,的情况,易错点2(1)形容词最高级用于同自身不同场合相比较时不带th,76,易错点,2,形容词最高级前不用,the,的情况,(3),两个或多个形容词的最高级并列使用，从第二个起，就不带,the,。例如：,Bob is the youngest and,tallest,boy in our class.,鲍勃是我们班最小也是最高的男孩。,(4),形容词最高级在句中作宾语补足语时，常不带,the,。例如：,I think grammar,hardest,in our English study.,我认为在我们的英语学习中语法最难。,易错点2形容词最高级前不用the的情况(3)两个或多个形容词,77,【,典例,1】,Farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years.,A.more and more rich,B.richer and richer,C.more rich and more rich,考查形容词,/,副词比较级、最高级。,“比较级,and,比较级”意为“越,就越,”,，,rich,的比较级是,richer,。,【典例1】Farmers have become _,78,【,典例,2】,Lets go shopping at the new mall.,Why not shop online?Its _.,A.expensive B.more expensive,C.less expensive D.the most expensive,考查形容词,/,副词比较级、最高级。,由句意可知答语应为“为什么不网上购物？它更便宜。”,less expensive,意为“更便宜”。,【典例2】Lets go shopping at the,79,【,典例,3】,If there is _ pollution,the air in our city will be _ dirtier.,A.less;more B.more;much,C.less;less D.more;more,考查形容词,/,副词比较级、最高级。,less,与,more,常用来修饰原级构成比较级，但是不能修饰比较级。,【典例3】If there is _ pollu,80,Unit6,语法专项课件,（现在完成时,1,）,初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,Unit6初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,现在完成时结构,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+.,否定句,:,主语+havent(have not)+过去分词,主语+hasnt(has not)+过去分词.,疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词.?,I,havent finished,my homework.,Have,you,finished,your homework?,I,have finished,my homework.,结构,现在完成时结构肯定句：主语+have/has+过去,83,现在完成时三大用法,用法,1,1)表,示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。,By now,I,have collected,all the data I need.,Now we,have planted,all the trees.,现在完成时三大用法用法11)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完,84,现在完成时三大用法,用法,2,2),表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。,Someone,has broken,the window.,I,have,just,cleaned,my hands.,(,窗户现在是坏的,),(,手是干净的,),现在完成时三大用法用法22)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或,85,现在完成时三大用法,用法,3,3)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。,She,has learned,English for 5 years.,He,has lived,in Beijing since he was born.,现在完成时三大用法用法33)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动,86,过去式、过去分词,(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。,work-worked-worked,(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。,live-lived-lived,(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。,study-studied-studied,(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先,双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。,drop-dropped-dropped,规则变化,过去式、过去分词(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。规,87,过去式、过去分词,不规则变化,A.,过去分词与过去式形式一样,have,hadhad spend spentspent,make,mademade,saysaidsaid,find,foundfound,hear,heardheard,meetmetmet leaveleftleft,过去式、过去分词不规则变化A.过去分词与过去式形式一样,88,过去式、过去分词,不规则变化,B.,过去分词与过去式形式不一样,taketooktaken,speak spokespoken,sing,sangsung,drivedrovedriven,be,was/werebeen,go,wentgone,过去式、过去分词不规则变化B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样,89,过去式、过去分词,不规则变化,C.,过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样,cutcutcut,put putput,let,letlet,readreadread,过去式、过去分词不规则变化C.过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样,90,易错点,2012,started learning English,2015,learning,3 years,have learned English,I start,ed,learning English in 2012.,I,am,learn,ing,English these days.,I,have,learn,ed,English for 3 years.,（一般过去时）,（现在进行时）,（现在完成时）,现在完成时,VS,一般过去时,易错点2012started learning Englis,91,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时用法不同,现在完成时,一般过去时,用法,1,：表,示到现在为止,已经完成,的动作。,用法,1,：表示,过去某时,发生的动作。,用法,2,：表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成,影响,。,用法,2,：表示,过去存在,的某种状态。,用法,3,：表示动作开始于过去，一直,持续,到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。,用法,3,：表示过去,经常性发生,的动作或状态。,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时用法不同现在完成时一般过去时用法,92,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时用法不同,I,saw,this film yesterday.,I,have seen,this film.,（一般过去时：强调动作）,（现在完成时：强调影响）,已经知道内容,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时用法不同I saw this f,93,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时结构不同,现在完成时,一般过去时,肯定句：,主语+,have/has+过去分词,+.,肯定句：主语,+,过去式,+.,主语,+was/were,+,表语,否定句,:,主语+,havent(have not)+过去分词,+.,主语+,hasnt(has not)+过去分词,+.,否定句：,主语,+,did not(didnt)+,动词原形,+,was/were,not,（,wasnt/werent),+,表语,疑问句:,Have/Has,+主语+,过去分词,.?,疑问句：,Did,+,主语,+,动词原形,+,Was/Were,+,主语,+,表语,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同现在完成时一般过去时肯定,94,易错点,现在完成时经典例句：,I,have been,to Australia before.,I,havent been,to,Australia before.,Have,you,been,to Australia before?,现在完成时,/,一般过去时结构不同,易错点现在完成时经典例句：现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同,95,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时结构不同,一般过去时经典例句：,My father,flew,to Australia yesterday.,My father,didnt fly,to Australia yesterday.,Did,you father,fly,to Australia yesterday?,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同一般过去时经典例句：,96,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时标志词不同,现在完成时,一般过去时,副词作标志词：,just,already,yet,过去时间点：,just,now,at that time,yesterday,this morning,three years ago,since,+,时间点,/(,时间段,+ago)/,一般过去时句子,for,+,时间段,过去时间段：,in the past,in+,过去的年份,last week,once upon a time,等,表示次数的时间状语：,once,twice,three times,ever,never,特殊结构：,used,to+,动词原形,（过去常常）,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时标志词不同现在完成时一般过去时副,97,易错点,现在完成时,/,一般过去时标志词不同,She returned,yesterday,.,There was a temple,in the past,.,He has been in,New York,for,many,years,.,Have you,ever,been to Beijing？,（一般过去时）,（现在完成时）,易错点现在完成时/一般过去时标志词不同She returne,98,【,典例,1】He _ in this factory for 20 years already.,A.will work B.works,C.has worked D.is working,考查时态。,already,为现在完成时标志词,且,for+,时间段表明对现在的“影响”，故选用现在完成时结构,have/has done,。,【典例1】He _ in this factor,99,【,典例,2】Is Richard still living here?,No,he _ to Paris already.,A.had moved B.moved,C.will move D.has moved,考查时态。,No,说明,Richard,不在此处，且,already,为完成时标志词，选用现在完成时结构,have/has done,。,【典例2】Is Richard still living,100,【,典例,3】Julies father _ to London last month.He _ there three times.,A.went,had gone B.has gone,has been,C.went,has been D.has been,had gone,考查时态。,last month,为一般过去时标志词，选用,went,；,three times,表明去“结果”“影响”，选用现在完成时。,【典例3】Julies father _ to,101,Unit7,语法专项课件,（现在完成时,2,）,初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,Unit7 初中英语鲁教版八年级上册,鲁教版八年级上英语语法ppt课件,现在完成时三大用法,现在完成时,三大用法,：,1,.,表,示到现在为止,已经完成或刚刚完成,的动作。,2,.一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生,影响,。,3,.一个动作,开始于过去，并持续到现在,（也许还将持续下去）。,现在完成时三大用法现在完成时三大用法：,104,现在完成时结构回顾,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+.,否定句,:,主语+havent(have not)+过去分词,主语+hasnt(has not)+过去分词.,疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词.?,I,havent finished,my homework.,Have,you,finished,your homework?,I,have finished,my homework.,结构,现在完成时结构回顾肯定句：主语+have/has+,105,already,一般用于,肯定句，,意为“,已经,”，,句中句末,均可,yet,一般用于,否定句和疑问句，,意为“,已经,”，,句中句末,均可,Tom has,already,finished his homework.,Tom hasnt finished his homework,yet,.,易错点,1,现在完成时常见标志词辨析,already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句，,106,易错点,1,现在完成时常见标志词辨析,ever,用于,疑问句,，意为“,曾经,”，位于,句中,never,含,否定意义,，意为“,从不,”，位于,句中,Have you,ever,eaten fish?,I have,never,eaten fish.,易错点1现在完成时常见标志词辨析ever用于疑问句，意为“曾,107,易错点,1,现在完成时常见标志词辨析,just,多用于,肯定句，,意为“,刚刚,”，位于,句中,before,用于所有句式，,意为“,之前,”，位于,句末,I have,just,had my lunch.,She hasnt seen you,before,.,易错点1现在完成时常见标志词辨析just多用于肯定句，bef,108,易错点,2,since/for,用法辨析,since+,时间点,since+,时间段,+ago,since+,从句（一般过去时）,John has been a football player,since,3 years ago,.,Hehaslived in China,since,1992,.,since,Tom has lived in America,since,he was a little child,.,易错点2since/for用法辨析since+时间点sinc,109,易错点,2,since/for,用法辨析,for+,时间段,for,He has kept the book,for 2 weeks,.,易错点2since/for用法辨析forHe has kep,110,易错点,3,have been to/have gone to,辨析,have been to,have gone to,去过某地,已经回来,，可用于任何人称。常与,once,twice,three times,ever,never,等连用。,去某地了，说话时某人,不在现场,，常用于第,三,人称。,易错点3have been to/have gone to辨,111,易错点,3,have been to/have gone to,辨析,I,have been to,Beijing for three times.,My father,has gone to,Shanghai for a meeting.,（去了尚未回来）,（去过已回来）,易错点3have been to/have gone to辨,112,【,典例,1】,用,since/for,填空,1.My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.,2.Margaret is in her office.She has been there_7 oclock.,3.India has been an independent country_1974.,考查现在完成时标志词。题,1,中，,15 days,为时间段，选用,for,。题,2,、,3,中，,7 oclock,和,1974,为时间点，选用,since,。,for,since,since,【典例1】用since/for填空考查现在完成时标志词。题1,113,【,典例,2】My parents _Nanjing twice.,A.have gone to B.have been to,C.have been in D.are in,考查现在完成时。句意：我父母去过南京两次。,have gone t