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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,专题三,冠词,专题三,专题三 冠词,分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对冠词的考查主要出现在语法与情景对话和完形填空中。其中对冠词混合考查和不定冠词考查为高频考点。除了掌握冠词的基本用法外，学生在日常学习中也应多积累与冠词相关的固定搭配。,用法,例句,用法例句用于第一次提到的人或物的名称前(2016省卷21题),This is a useful book.这是一本有用的书。,泛指一类人或事物,以区别于其他种类,A plane is a machine that can fly.,飞机是一种能飞的机器。,泛指某人或某物,(2016兰州26题),A young man is waiting for you.一位年轻人在等你。,用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一”,We go swimming three times a month.,我们每月去游泳三次。,用在序数词前表示“又一,再一”,The cake is delicious,and Id like a second one.,这个蛋糕很美味,我想再要一个。,1,不定冠词,1,不定冠词的用法,专题三 冠词分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对冠词的考查主要,用在what,such,half,many,quite等词之后,What a heavy rain！好大的雨啊！,He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.,他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了关门。,2.不定冠词用于固定搭配中：,take a photo 照相 have a look看一看,have a try试一试 have a cold感冒,have a walk散步 have a rest休息,take a bus乘坐公交车 in a hurry匆忙,for a while一会儿 keep a diary记日记,have a good/great time玩得愉 快,用在what,such,half,many,quit,3.,不定冠词a和an的区别,注意：,a/an的区别如下：,a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。,常见的以元音音素开头的单词前用a/an的情况如下：,Aa,an apple/an artist/an aunt/an Asian country/an American girl,Ee,a European country/an egg/an English dictionary/an 11-year-old boy,Ii,an idea/an interesting story,Oo,An old man/an outgoing girl/an orange,Uu,an umbrella/a useful book/a university student/a UFO/a usual story/an ugly man/an uncle/an unhappy smile/an unusual day,特别记忆：an hour/an honest man,3.不定冠词a和an的区别注意：a/an的区别如下：Aaa,2,定冠词,用法,例词或例句,用于双方都知道的人或事物前,Give me the book,please.请把那本书给我。,指一类人或事物中特定的人或事物,Do you know the girl in green?,你知道穿绿衣服的那个女孩吗？,She is our monitor.她是我们的班长。,特指的或上文提到过的人或物,(2016省卷21题),There was a man in the hotel.The man looked very tired.,旅馆里有一个人。那个人看上去很疲惫。,用在世界上独一无二的事物前(2017省卷21题),the sun 太阳；the moon 月亮；the earth 地球,用在序数词或形容词的最高级前,(2017省卷21题),the first time 第一次；the youngest 最年轻的,用在与play连用的乐器名称前,play the piano/guitar/violin/drum,弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴/打鼓,2定冠词用法例词或例句用于双方都知道的人或事物前Give m,用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇,the Greens 格林一家/夫妇,用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前,the Great Wall 长城；the Summer Palace 颐和园；the Science Museum科学博物馆；the Friendship Store友谊商店,用在方位名词前,in the south 在南方；on the right 在右边,常见搭配,at the same time 同时;by the way顺便问一下;in the past在过去;in the dark在黑暗中;in the way挡道，碍事;in the distance在远处;in the end在最后;in the open air在户外;go to the cinema看电影;all the same仍然;the number of的数目,巧学妙记,特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾，海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流和群山，方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关，船名、建筑与组织，会议、条约与报刊，姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。,用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇the Greens,3.,零冠词,用法,例词,一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类、游戏等名词前,after supper晚饭后；play football踢足球；,learn English 学英语；play chess 下国际象棋,与by连用的交通工具名称前,by train乘火车；by bus乘公共汽车,人名、地名等专有名词前,Beijing Street北京大街,节日、星期、月份、季节前,TeacherDay教师节；Sunday星期天；January 一月；summer夏天,名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时,this book这本书；my son我的儿子；,Jacks bike杰克的自行车,常见固定搭配,（2015省卷31题）,on foot步行；go to school去上学；,day and night夜以继日；by mistake错误地；on holiday在度假at home 在家;at first/last首先/最后;in time及时;hand in hand手拉手;on earth究竟，到底;in danger在危险中,3.零冠词用法例词一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类、游戏,拓展：,节日前一般不加冠词，但一般我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前要加the。如：,the Spring Festival,春节。,考点小练,1.Do you know Ye Shiwen?,Yes,she is,Olympic swimming star.She started swimming at,age of six.,A.an;an B.a;the C.the;an D.an;th,e,2.Do you know Robert?,Yes,he is,university student.He likes sports and runs for,hour every morning.,A.a;a B.a;an C.an;an D.an;a,3.John often reads English in,evening.,A.a B.an C.the D./,4.Yesterday I saw,film.It moved me deeply.,A.a B.an C.the D./,D,B,C,A,拓展：节日前一般不加冠词，但一般我国含有“Festival”,5.I had,unusual day on my last school trip.,A.a B.an C.the D./,6.The teenagers had,good time in the summer camp last year.,A.a B.an C.the D./,B,A,5.I had unusual da,专题九,情态动词,专题九情态动词,情态动词,1,情态动词的基本用法,分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出，情态动词主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查；其基本用法和表推测的用法轮流考查，都有涉及。,判断二者的方法，就是分析在句子中的意义：1.表示“能”“应该”“不能”“必须”等这些是基本用法；2.表示“一定”“可能”“也许”等这些是表示推测。,1.常见情态动词用法归纳,情态动词,意义及用法,例句,can(2016,省卷,53,题,),表示能力,意为“能，会”。,Lily can play the piano very well.莉莉钢琴弹得很好。,表示请求、允许,意为“可以”,多用于口语中。,Can I borrow your bike？,我能借你的自行车吗？,情态动词1情态动词的基本用法 分析近3年甘肃中考真题可,情态动词,意义及用法,例句,could,can的过去式,意为“能，会”,表示过去的能力。,Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。,在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。,Could I have a cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？,must,意为“必须”，多表示主观意愿。,You must finish your homework first！首先,你必须完成你的家庭作业！,should,意为“应该”,表示责任和义务,也可以表示劝告或建议。,We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。,have to,意为“不得不”,多表示客观需要。,The children have to get up early to catch the first bus.孩子们为了赶第一趟公共汽车不得不早起。,情态动词意义及用法例句couldcan的过去式,意为“能，,need(n,t),意为“需要（不必）”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。,You neednt say sorry to me.你不需要对我说对不起。,had better,(not),表示建议,意为“最好(不要)”。,Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。,may,表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。,You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿。,表示祝福和愿望。,May you be happy！祝您幸福！,might,may的过去式,意为“可以”。,He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。,表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉。,Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？,need(nt)意为“需要（不必）”,多用于否定句和疑问,拓展：,（1）由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have to；否定回答常用needn,t或don,t/doesn,t have to，不能用mustn,t回答,mustn,t意为“严禁，禁止”。如：,Must I go with them？我必须跟他们走吗？,Yes,you must./No,you needn,t/don,t have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。,（2）由may引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may；否定回答用can,t/mustn,t。如：,May I smoke here？我可以在这儿吸烟吗？,Yes,you may./No,you can,t/mustn,t.是的，你可以。/不,你不能。,（3）could,should,would,might等有时不表示过去,而是表示委婉的语气。如：Would you tell me the way to the park？你能告诉我去公园的路吗？,拓展：（1）由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用mus,2.易混情态动词的辨析,can/could与be able to的区别,情态动词,意义及用法,例句,can/could,只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)。,Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。,be able to,可用于多种时态。,We will be able to come back next week.,我们下周能回来。,must与have/has to的区别,情态动词,用法,例句,must,表示主观意愿,意为“必须”。,We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。,2.易混情态动词的辨析can/could与be able,情态动词,用法,例句,have/has to,用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”。,Well have to ask Mr.Zhang.我们必须问问张老师。,can,t与mustn,t的区别,情态动词,意义及用法,例句,can,t,意为“不可能”，表示否定推测。,The man over there cant be Jim.He has gone abroad.那边那个人不可能是吉姆。他出国了。,mustn,t,意为“禁止,不允许”,不能用来表示推测。,You mustnt play soccer on the street.你不准在街道上踢足球。,情态动词 用法例句have/has to用于强调客观需要,考点小练,1.,you tell me the differences between these two photos？,No.They look quite similar，nearly the same.,A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should,2.Must I be home before eight o,clock?,No,you,.,A.mustn,t B.can,t C.needn,t D.have to,3.Please don,t make so much noise.I,hear the speaker very well.,A.needn,t B.mustn,t C.can,t D.shouldn,t,4.You,take me to the station.My brother will take me there.,A.can,t B.mustn,t C.shouldn,t D.don,t have to,A,C,C,D,考点小练1.you tell me the,5.Look!The traffic lights have turned red.We,stop our car.,A.can B.can,t C.must D.mustn,t,6.I think students,keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.,A.should B.might C.shall D.could,C,A,2,情态动词表推测,1.情态动词表肯定推测,情态动词,意义及用法,must,意为“一定,肯定”。用于肯定句中,表示非常有把握的推测。,may,意为“有可能,也许”。用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测。,might/could,(2016省卷，,25题),意为“或许”。表推测,语气较弱，可能性很小。,5.Look!The traffic lights hav,注意：,这几个词按照推测的可能性由大到小为：mustmaymight/could。,如：They must be very tired after a long walk.走了这么长的路,他们一定很累了。,The French book may be Alice,s.She studies French.这本法语书可能是爱丽斯的。她学法语。,She might be in the library.She likes reading books in the afternoon.她可能在图书馆。她喜欢在下午的时候看书。,2.情态动词表否定推测,情态动词,意义及用法,can,t,（2017省卷,25题）,表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不,不可能”,可能性几乎为零。,may not,表示否定推测,语气不确定,意为“可能不”。,注意：这几个词按照推测的可能性由大到小为：mustmay,如：Miss Gao can,t be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室,我刚刚在超市看见她了。,It may not be her pen.这可能不是她的钢笔。,考点小练,7.When you are travelling，bring a map because it,help you.,A.can,t B.mustn,t C.used to D.may,8.This pair of glasses,be Tony,s.He,s the only one who wears glasses in,our class.,A.must B.might C.can,t D.have to,9.My schoolbag,still be in the music hall because I attended a concert,yesterday.,A.can,t B.need C.might D.must,10.Tom，don,t drive too fast.You,hit others,cars.,A.need B.may C.must D.should,D,A,C,B,如：Miss Gao cant be in the cla,11.Please call before you come,otherwise we,be home.,A.shouldn,t B.may not C.couldn,t D.needn,t,12.There,s an important football match today.I,miss it.,A.may B.can,t C.must D.needn,t,13.Jenny finally got the job because she,speak English fluently.,A.might B.must C.could D.should,B,B,C,11.Please call before you come,
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