主谓一致 (2)课件

中考复习系列主谓一致归纳 “一一致致”是是指指句句子子成成分分之之间间或或词词语语之之间间在性、数等方面应保持一致。在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主主谓谓一一致致”是是指指谓谓语语动动词词与与主主语语必必须须在在人人称称、性性、数数上上保保持持一一致致，即即主主语语是是复复数数，谓谓语语也也用用复复数数形形式式，如如are,were,have等等，主主语语是是单单数数，谓谓语语要要用用单单数数形形式式，如如：is,was,has,works等。等。在在具具体体处处理理一一致致关关系系时时可可遵遵循循以以下下三三原则原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家)The worker and the writer are from Beijing.(那位工人和那位作家)常见的由常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread 针线针线salt and water盐和水盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁钢铁 time and tide 岁月岁月(时间和潮水时间和潮水)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada.2.everyone of one of each of either of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Each of the students has a book.3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.4.Every and(every),each and(each),no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个连接两个 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.5.集体名词集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,majority,crew,audience,public,government,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。His family is in Harbin.His family are music lovers.This class consists of 45 students.Mr.Green teaches it This class are all diligent.Mr.Green teaches them.The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is 此题应选此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，是一个集合名词，具有单数具有单数(侧重指整体侧重指整体)和复数和复数(侧重侧重指个体指个体)两种可能。两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing衣服，衣服，poetry 诗歌，诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，scenery 景色等。景色等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但但不用复数形式不用复数形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。6.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.7.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数分数/百分数百分数+of +名词名词”作主语作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。1.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.2.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.3.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.4.Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.8.由由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致数上保持一致就近原则就近原则。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.9.由由there be引导的句子，当主语不是引导的句子，当主语不是 一个时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语一个时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语 一致。一致。Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(89)A.is B.are C.am D.be析:由“or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。10.主语后跟主语后跟“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词名词”结构时结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA.is offered B.has offeredC.are offered D.have offered谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working peopleA.is B.are C.is being D.are being此此题题应应选选B。这这里里应应注注意意的的是是：我我们们通通常常说说的的是是主主谓谓一一致致（即即谓谓语语与与主主语语保保持持一一致致），而而不不是是表表谓谓一一致致（即即不不是是谓谓语语与与表表语语一一致致），本本题题意意为为：我我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：1.These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim2.The planets were the object of his study3.The most important thing I need is books4.The countrys leading export is watches5.The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies1._ you or he the teacher of English?2.Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is When and where to build the new factory_ yet.(91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。AI,not you,_ in the wrong.Not I but he _ been invited.A.were,have B.were,hasC.was,has D.was,have有否定形式加入时,动词看肯定形式。every并列使用时，动词取单数。Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _ duty.A.know,their B.knows,theirC.knows,its D.know,itsE-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 上海上海2)A.is playing B.have playedC.are playing D.play1.One or two days _ enough to see the city A.is B.are C.am D.be2.Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A.is B.are C.am D.be3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A.is B.are C.am D.be5.A woman with some children _ soonA.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come6.No one except my parents _ anything about this。A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known7The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading8All but one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed 9.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were10._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are