现在分词课件

Grammar and usage1V-ingGrammar and usage1 Learning aims(学习目标):1.Graspthedefinition(定义定义)ofV-ing2.Graspthetenses(时态时态)andvoices(语态语态)ofV-ing3.Graspthefunction(功能功能)ofV-ing.2 Learning aims(学习目标):2请说明划线部分的句子成分I lost my umbrella.She does her homework every day.She plays the violin carefully.The boy is very naughty.We made him cry.This is a fantastic book.I have two foreign friends,a Canadian and an American.Dont step on the grass.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语同位语同位语状语状语3请说明划线部分的句子成分I lost my umbrella千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。4千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和 语态类别 时 态 vt.主动语态被动语态ing一般式一般式(与谓语动词与谓语动词同同时时发生发生)完成式完成式(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前之前发生发生)时态和语态时态和语态doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done现在分词的否定式：现在分词的否定式：not doing5 解题步骤：解题步骤：1.判断是否为非谓语动词判断是否为非谓语动词 2.与逻辑主语的关系与逻辑主语的关系 3.与谓语动词的先后关系与谓语动词的先后关系6解题步骤：61、动名词作主语动名词作主语(表一般性的，泛指的，抽象表一般性的，泛指的，抽象的的,时间概念不强的动作时间概念不强的动作)眼见为实，耳听为虚。眼见为实，耳听为虚。Seeingisbelieving。说比做容易多了。说比做容易多了。Sayingiseasierthandoing.玩电脑游戏是没有好处的。玩电脑游戏是没有好处的。Playingcomputergamesisnogood.=Itsnogoodplayingcomputergames.一、一、V-ing作主语作主语71、动名词作主语(表一般性的，泛指的，抽象的,时间概念不2，It做形式主语的句型，某些句型中用做形式主语的句型，某些句型中用V-ing做逻辑做逻辑主语主语。Itisnousedoing做做没用没用Itisnogooddoing做做没好处没好处Itisuselessdoing做做.没有用没有用Thereisnopoint(in)doing做做没有意义没有意义不要做无意的后悔。不要做无意的后悔。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.抽烟是没有好处的。抽烟是没有好处的。Itisnogoodsmoking.说再多也是没有用的。说再多也是没有用的。Itisuselesstalkingtoomuch.跟他争辩是没有意义的。跟他争辩是没有意义的。Thereisnopointinarguingwithhim.82，It 做形式主语的句型，某些句型中用V-ing做逻辑主语 1.他是一个攻击型的运动员。He is an _(attack)player.2.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。He asked an _(embarrass)question.3.正在学走路的小孩常常跌跤。A little child _(learn)to walk often falls.=A little child who is learning to walk often falls.注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。二、二、V-ing作定语作定语如果是单个的动词的如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做修饰词前做前置定语前置定语；如果是动词的；如果是动词的-ing形式的短形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语后置定语。attackingembarrassinglearning9 1.他是一个攻击型的运动员。二、V-ing作定语 转换成定语从句：转换成定语从句：The people sitting behind us are teachers.=The expert coming from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareteachers.TheexpertwhocomesfromHongkongisaladycalledMsCai.10转换成定语从句：The people sitting be1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。Theysetupan_(operate)tableinasmalltemple.他说不定在阅览室里。他说不定在阅览室里。Hemaybeinthe_(read)room，forallIknow.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthe_(meet)room.operatingreadingmeeting111)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。operatingre2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作行的动作.1.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。There were about 200 children_(study)in the art school.2.正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？Who is the woman _(talk)to ourEnglish teacher？talkingstudying122)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作.talkin3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.那准时一段可怕的经历。That must have been a _(terrify)experience.2.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。The experiment was an _(amaze)success.3.这本书缺了一页。There is a page _(miss)from this book.terrifyingamazingmissing133)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，注意：注意：除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式表正在正在与被修饰词又是被动关系被动关系，就用它的被动式，即beingdone。如：1.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。The tall building_(build)now is our new school.2.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。The question _(discus)was presented by the headmaster.beingbuiltbeingdiscussed14注意：除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式表正在与被1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_(remain)20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_(cover)thedesert.3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_(study)Chineseintheschool，most_werefromGermany.4.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_(study)Chineseintheschool，andmost_(they)werefromGermany.5.Thequestion_(discuss)atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.6.Chinaisa_(develop)country_(belong)tothethirdworld.remainingcoveringstudyingofwhomstudyingofthembeingdiscusseddevelopingbelonging151.The lady said she would buy 1.Your journey in Kenya is really _(excite).2.What you did was _(disappoint).3.The nightmare I had last night was very_(frighten).现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征征,相当于相当于形容词形容词,其主语通常是物其主语通常是物.三、三、V-ing作表语作表语disappointingexcitingfrightening16 1.Your journey in Kenya 1）作动词的宾语）作动词的宾语Shedenied_(make)amistake.Heimagined_(lead)ahappylife.2)作介词宾语作介词宾语Heleftwithout_(say)good-byetous.Isthereanyhopeof_(catch)theearlybus?四、四、V-ing作宾语作宾语makingleadingsayingcatching171）作动词的宾语四、V-ing作宾语makingleadi1.只接只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词作宾语的常见动词avoid,miss,putoff;避免错过避免错过(少少)延期延期;advise,finish,practise;建议完成多练习建议完成多练习;enjoy,imagine,canthelp;喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住admit,deny,envy;承认否认与妒忌承认否认与妒忌;escape,risk,excuse;逃避冒险逃避冒险(莫莫)原谅原谅;stand,keep,mind.忍受保持忍受保持(不不)介意介意.181.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词182.只接只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语作宾语的常见动词短语insiston,objectto,begoodat,leadto,putoff,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,devoteto,beworth,getusedto,payattentionto3.动词动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelp后跟动名词和跟后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。生的动作。192.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语191)remember to do 记住要做某事记住要做某事 remember doing 记得过去做过某事记得过去做过某事我记得在街上见过他。我记得在街上见过他。I remember _(meet)him in the street.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。我想起来要给我父母亲写信。I remember _(write)a letter to my parents.2)forget to do 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了我忘了去为她寄那封信了.I forgot _(mail)the letter for her.我忘记了写过那篇作文我忘记了写过那篇作文.I forgot _(write)that composition.meetingtowritetomailwriting201)remember to do 记住要做某事我记得在街上3)stop doing 停止停止 做某事做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟请不要抽烟Stop smoking,please.咱们停下来休息一下吧。咱们停下来休息一下吧。Lets stop to have a rest.4)mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing 意味着意味着I meant_ (catch)up with the early bus.This means _(waste)a lot of money.我打算赶上早班车我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱这意味着花很多钱.to catchwasting213)stop doing 停止 做某事请不要抽烟Stop 5)try to do 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Try working out the physics problem in another way.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regret to do 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾 regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了你高考失败了.I regret spending so much money.I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.225)try to do 设法尽力做某事You shouWedontallow_(walk)onthegrass.Wedontallowpeople_(walk)onthegrass.Peoplearenotallowed_(walk)onthegrass.4.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todoeg.我们不允许在这抽烟。我们不允许在这抽烟。Wedontallowsmokinghere.我们不允许学生抽烟。我们不允许学生抽烟。Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.walkingtowalktowalk23 Wedontallow_(w五、五、V-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词：常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词：感官动词：感官动词：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento.使役动词：使役动词：have,keep,catch,leave.我刚刚听见那个女孩正在教室唱歌我刚刚听见那个女孩正在教室唱歌.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.洗手的时候不要让水一直流洗手的时候不要让水一直流.Dont keep the water running while washing your hands.24五、V-ing作宾语补足语常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词特殊的两个区别：特殊的两个区别：1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。doing：动作正在进行：动作正在进行+主动主动todo：动作的动作的。试比较：试比较：1.Iheardhersingingasongjustnow.2.Iheardhersingasongjustnow.=Shewasheardtosingasongjustnow.动作正在进行动作正在进行+主动主动(听见全过程听见全过程)全过程全过程25特殊的两个区别：动作正在进行+主动(听见全过程)全过程252).现在分词被动式与过去分词作宾补的区别。现在分词被动式与过去分词作宾补的区别。beingdone：正在进行正在进行+被动被动done：动作已完成动作已完成+被动被动试比较：试比较：1.Isawhimbeingtakenaway.我看到他正被人带走。我看到他正被人带走。2.Isawhimtakenaway.我看到他被带走了。我看到他被带走了。(正在进行正在进行+被动被动)(完成完成+被动被动)262).现在分词被动式与过去分词作宾补的区别。(正在进行+被六、六、V-ing作状语作状语动词动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间间,原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。相当于相对应的状语从句。动词动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。时常位于句末。27六、V-ing作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，在1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词句。（有时可在动词-ing前加一个表前加一个表时间的连词，如时间的连词，如when,while等）等）Afterwehavemadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.=wearereadyfortheexamination.,(一听到消息一听到消息)theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.=,Henrywenthome.Havingmadefullpreparations,HearingthenewsHavingfinishedhishomework281 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.),hecouldntaffordaTVset.(=Ashewaspoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.)wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.(=Becausewedidntknowhisphonenumber,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.)BeingpoorNotknowinghisphonenumber,292 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Being poorl3结果结果状语状语，相当于一个并列谓语。，相当于一个并列谓语。他父亲死了，留给他许多钱他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.Hisfatherdied,Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries;asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.)leavinghimalotofmoney.makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.303 结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语。4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youllfindagoodway.=Ifyoudrivetoofast,youlldamagethecar.=Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.Drivingtoofast,youlldamagethecar.314 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround,thepoorpeasantcouldntaffordtosendhischildrentoschool.这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。力送孩子上学。=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.AlthoughtoilingalltheyearroundWeighingalmostonehundredjin325 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Although6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。当于一个并列结构。他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Helayonthegrass,andstaredattheskyforalongtime他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。Hewentout,slammingthedoor.=Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=Hewentout,andheslammedthedoor.336 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。他1.Sixty million people _(live)in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.2.Ioftenseemyteacher_(run)ontheplayground.3.Our trip was _(disappoint).We did not find any unusual plants.PracticelivingrunFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.disappointing341.Sixty million people _ 4.I saw them _(force)the door open with a hammer.5.Theyaskedme(thank)yourmother.6.The news was _(shock).All the three boats had sunk in the storm.forcingto thankshocking354.I saw them _(force)th4.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语1).作时间状语作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句(常同连词常同连词when,whenever,while,once,until等连用等连用)Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.Having received his letter,I decided to write back.=After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.364.现在分词作状语=After I had received2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being a student,I must work hard.Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=Because I am a student,I must work hard.=Because he didnt know what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.Not knowing what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.372).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being so an3.作条件状语作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句Working hard,you will succeed.Putting more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.=If you put more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.383.作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句Putting more 4.作伴随状语作伴随状语,相当于并列句相当于并列句They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.5.作结果状语作结果状语His father died,leaving him lots of money.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.39 4.作伴随状语,相当于并列句5.作结果状语=They 注意注意:lV-ing有其完成式有其完成式_,表示分表示分 词动作发生于主句动作之词动作发生于主句动作之_。l V-ing形式的否定形式的否定not要置于要置于V-ing之之_。l分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主 语语_且有逻辑且有逻辑_关系，往往可转换关系，往往可转换 为为相应的状语从句相应的状语从句。havingdone前前前前一致一致主动主动40注意:V-ing有其完成式_,表示分ha1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.411.a.Hearing the news,tears 3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.423.a.Looking out through the 考点解析：考点解析：非谓语动词是高考的一个热点非谓语动词是高考的一个热点,V-ing常考的形式有常考的形式有以下几点：以下几点：一一、时态与语态（完成时态的主动、被动形式）、时态与语态（完成时态的主动、被动形式）二、结果状语（自然而然的结果），时间状语二、结果状语（自然而然的结果），时间状语三、被动形式作定语；被动形式跟在介词后作宾语三、被动形式作定语；被动形式跟在介词后作宾语四、否定时四、否定时not的位置的位置五、在问句中作主语进行回答五、在问句中作主语进行回答43考点解析：43考点：考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式现在分词的完成主动式。（10湖南）26.Dina,for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle 44考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻(08陕西卷陕西卷)14._aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow答案：答案：C。我们是被带领参观的因此是。我们是被带领参观的因此是被动语态被动语态。先参观水立方后去看鸟巢所以时态是先参观水立方后去看鸟巢所以时态是完成时态完成时态45(08陕西卷)14._ around th句意句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。解析：解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：答案：C.（10天津）12.It rained heavily in the south，serious flooding in several provinces.A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 46句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。解析：空格后s考点：考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析：解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。（10四川）17The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try47考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析答案：选答案：选A.enabling表示他在捐献后的表示他在捐献后的（自然）结果（自然）结果（10江苏）28.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_the students to return to their classrooms.A.enabling B.having enabled C.to enable D.to have enabled48答案：选A.enabling 表示他在捐献后的（自然）结果1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _ the delay.A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.cause2.I was in the bathroom,not _ the knock at the door.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heardExercise49Their car was caught in a traf3.After seeing the movie,_.A.the book was read by him B.the book made him want to read itC.he wanted to read the book D.the reading of the book interested him503.After seeing the movie,_4.The next morning she found the man in bed,_ dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying5.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed514.The next morning she found 6.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing526.The secretary worked late i7.“Cant you read?”Mary said_ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing537.“Cant you read?”Mary said8._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received548._ a reply,he decided to 9.They apologized for _ to attend the meeting.A.their not being able B.their being not able C.them not able D.them being able not559.They apologized for _ to 10.Ididnothingalldaybut_tomyfriendwhoIhaventseenforalmostayear.A.writeB.towriteC.wroteD.writing56 10.I did nothing all day but57Thank you57个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论