基础语法专题十二--主谓一致课件

每天进步一点点基础语法专题十二 主谓一致每天进步一点点基础语法专题十二 主谓一致每天进步一点点考点一：主谓一致的三个原则考点一：主谓一致的三个原则 1.意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义，而不是主语的形式来确定谓语动词的单复数。The police are trying to search for the thieves on the hill.警察们正在山上全力搜捕小偷。2.语法一致语法一致就是单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。These books are old.这些书是旧的。【真题链接】（2010北京）The reading room _ very quiet.I enjoy reading books there.A.am B.is C.are D.be 解析B 本题考查主谓一致。主语the reading room是第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式，故选B。每天进步一点点考点一：主谓一致的三个原则 1.意义一致每天进步一点点3.就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些关联短语(如either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also等)连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的词语保持一致。Either my father or my brother is coming.要么是我父亲要来，要么是我哥哥来。Not only you but also they are good students.不仅你是好学生，他们也是好学生。每天进步一点点3.就近原则每天进步一点点考点二：并列结构作主语时考点二：并列结构作主语时 由and或both.and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语动词用复数。John and Mike are good friends.约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you.面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【易错点提醒】and 连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。每天进步一点点考点四：there be和here be 的就近原则 there be 结构或here be后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be应与最邻近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔、一支铅笔、一把小刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card for you.这里有一些给你的鲜花和一张贺卡。【真题链接】（2011贵阳）Leo,_ no milk or eggs in the fridge.Oh,Ill go and buy some right away.A.it isB.there isC.there are 解析B。本题考查there be句型。在there be句型中，动词be与其后的第一个名词在数上保持一致。因milk为不可数名词，动词be应用单数is，故选B。每天进步一点点考点四：there be和here be 的就近原则 there be 结构或here be后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be应与最邻近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔、一支铅笔、一把小刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card for you.这里有一些给你的鲜花和一张贺卡。【真题链接】（2011贵阳）Leo,_ no milk or eggs in the fridge.Oh,Ill go and buy some right away.A.it isB.there isC.there are 解析B。本题考查there be句型。在there be句型中，动词be与其后的第一个名词在数上保持一致。因milk为不可数名词，动词be应用单数is，故选B。每天进步一点点2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数。Two and two is four.2加2等于4。Six times one is six.6乘以1等于6。3.“many a/more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is one more answer.有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam.许多同学通过了考试。4.“the rest of.”作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of bread is gone.剩余的面包不见了。The rest of bikes are on sale.余下的自行车正在销售。每天进步一点点5.“none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was(were)there.那儿没有狗。6.“a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”表示“的数量”，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of the farmers are standing there.许多农民都站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2,000多人。7.“a lot/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词的单复数来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数；如果of是复数名词，谓语动词要用复数。A lot of time is needed.需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working.许多工人在工作。每天进步一点点2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数。Two and two is four.2加2等于4。Six times one is six.6乘以1等于6。3.“many a/more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is one more answer.有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam.许多同学通过了考试。4.“the rest of.”作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of bread is gone.剩余的面包不见了。The rest of bikes are on sale.余下的自行车正在销售。每天进步一点点考点二：并列结构作主语时 由and或both 每天进步一点点【真题链接】（2011淄博）Not only his parents but also he _ watching sports programs.A.like B.likes C.dont like D.not like解析B 句意：“他父母和他都喜欢看体育节目。”either.or,neither.nor或not only.but also连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和后一个主语一致，故正确答案是B。每天进步一点点【真题链接】（2011淄博）每天进步一点点考点三：考点三：“名词名词 +介词短语介词短语”作主语时作主语时 名词或代词后接as well as,with,along with,together with,except,but等短语时，谓语动词应和介词短语前的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生一样，也喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields.他和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and I knows it.除了你和我，没人知道这件事。【真题链接】（2011赣州）Robert with his two kids to the beach for vacation every year.A.go B.goes C.went D.are going解析B 本题考查主谓一致和时态。由every year确定用一般现在时，排除C和D。本题主语是Robert，with his two kids在句中作定语，谓语动词应与Robert保持一致，用单数，故选B。每天进步一点点考点三：“名词+介词短语”作主语时 名词每天进步一点点考点四：考点四：there bethere be和和here be here be 的就近原则的就近原则 there be 结构或here be后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be应与最邻近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔、一支铅笔、一把小刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card for you.这里有一些给你的鲜花和一张贺卡。【真题链接】（2011贵阳）Leo,_ no milk or eggs in the fridge.Oh,Ill go and buy some right away.A.it isB.there isC.there are 解析B。本题考查there be句型。在there be句型中，动词be与其后的第一个名词在数上保持一致。因milk为不可数名词，动词be应用单数is，故选B。每天进步一点点考点四：there be和here be 的就每天进步一点点考点五：特殊名词作主语时考点五：特殊名词作主语时 1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China.美国在中国的东方。（国名）Engeles was good at learning foreign languages.恩格斯擅长学外语。（人名）2.“the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of.病人得到了很好的照顾。The old should be spoken to politely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。每天进步一点点考点五：特殊名词作主语时 1.国名、人名、书每天进步一点点3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象 名词，如news作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn.物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。【真题链接】（2011恩施）The news _ very interesting!Tell me more!A.is B.are C.were D.was解析A 考查主谓一致。news是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，又由后句的时态可知选A。每天进步一点点3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，ph每天进步一点点4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来决定，可以用单数，也可以用复数。I am a Chinese.我是一个中国人。Ten sheep are eating grass there.那边有10只羊在吃草。【易错点提醒】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示全民族的人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese.中国人说汉语。每天进步一点点4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese,每天进步一点点考点六：表数量概念的词或短语作主语时考点六：表数量概念的词或短语作主语时 1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的名词复数作主语时，通常看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly.10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough.10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way.100公里是一段很长的路。【真题链接】（2011南充）How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A.is;is B.is;are C.are;are D.are;is解析A 本题考查主谓一致。上句中的主语为the pair of shoes，当主语中含有pair时，谓语动词的单复数应与pair的单复数形式保持一致，故第一空用is；下句中的主语为twenty dollars，当表示时间、距离、金钱的名词性结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空用is。每天进步一点点考点六：表数量概念的词或短语作主语时 1.表每天进步一点点2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数。Two and two is four.2加2等于4。Six times one is six.6乘以1等于6。3.“many a/more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is one more answer.有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam.许多同学通过了考试。4.“the rest of.”作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of bread is gone.剩余的面包不见了。The rest of bikes are on sale.余下的自行车正在销售。每天进步一点点2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数。每天进步一点点5.“none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was(were)there.那儿没有狗。6.“a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”表示“的数量”，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of the farmers are standing there.许多农民都站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2,000多人。7.“a lot/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词的单复数来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数；如果of是复数名词，谓语动词要用复数。A lot of time is needed.需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working.许多工人在工作。每天进步一点点5.“none of+复数名词”作主语时每天进步一点点考点七：动名词、不定式或从句作主语时考点七：动名词、不定式或从句作主语时 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。Doing morning exercise is good for your body.做早操对你的身体很重要。What he said at the meeting is very important.他在会上的发言很重要。【真题再现】（2011十堰）Climbing hills _ of great help to our health.A.was B.were C.is D.are 解析C 本题考查主谓一致和时态。主语climbing hills是动名词短语，它作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；而且本句是叙述公认的事实，故用一般现在时。故答案为C。每天进步一点点考点七：动名词、不定式或从句作主语时 动名词、