关系代词引导的定语从句课件

语法语法 Grammar定语从句The Attributive Clauses授课者：李兰语法 Grammar定语从句授课者：李兰1什么是定语从什么是定语从句？句？在复合句中修在复合句中修饰饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句从句什么是定语从句？在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句2The lady is our English teacher.The lady who is standing in the front of the classroom is our English teacher.简单句简单句复合句复合句She is standing in the front of our classroom.The lady is our English teache3英语句子的简单结构英语句子的简单结构I met Tom yesterday in the movie theater.I 主语主语met谓语动谓语动Tom 宾语宾语 Yesterday 时间状语时间状语 in the movie theater 地点状语地点状语英语句子的简单结构I met Tom yesterd4Task 2 Learn about the Attributive Clause1.The man who ran fastest is Liuxiang.先行词先行词先行词先行词关系词关系词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句主句主句主句主句He who does not go to the Great Wall is not a true man.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做词叫做“先行词先行词”.引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词 ”Task 2 Learn about the Attr5关系词分为关系词分为关系代词关系代词：which,who,whom,that,whose 关系副词：关系副词：where，when，why关系词分为关系代词：which,who,whom,6（1）which 只能指物，作主语或宾语只能指物，作主语或宾语(作作 宾语可省略宾语可省略)These are the trees _were planted last year.Is this the library _you borrow books from?关系代词用法关系代词用法:whichwhich/省略省略（1）which 只能指物，作主语或宾语(作 宾语7（2）who只能指人只能指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可略）作宾语可略）The man_ I talked with is our teacher.A person _steals things is called a thief.（3）whom也只能也只能指人指人,且只能作宾语且只能作宾语(作宾语作宾语可省略可省略)The man_ I nodded to is Mr.Li.who/省略省略whowhom/who/省略省略（2）who只能指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可略）The 8（4）that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine_ can fly.He is the man.I talked to him just now.He is the man _I talked to just now.that/whichthat/who/whom/省略省略（4）that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A 9Which house is mineWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house _ roof（屋顶）（屋顶）is brown is mine.whoseMy house(5)whose：即可指人，又可指物。：即可指人，又可指物。在从句中只能作定语在从句中只能作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Which house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我10关系代词（关系代词（关系代词（关系代词（who,whom,which,thatwho,whom,which,thatwho,whom,which,thatwho,whom,which,that，whosewhosewhosewhose）Task 2 Learn about the Attributive Clause指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语主语主语主语主语主语宾语宾语（可以省略（可以省略）宾语宾语（可以省略（可以省略）宾语宾语（可以省略（可以省略）宾语宾语（可以省略（可以省略）定语定语=sbs or sths关系代词（who,whom,which,that，wh11Practice TimePractice Time12Which baby is JackWhich baby is Jack?穿着红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby _ is Jack.The baby_ is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich baby is Jack?穿着红裤子的baby是131.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as4.A child _parents are dead is called an orphan.A.whose B.who C.whom D.that 1.This is the bag _ my mo14定语从句的做题步骤（三部曲）1、首先划先行词，区分人或物。2、分析定语从句中缺何种成分。3、根据分析，选择恰当的连词。eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.This is the place where I lived years ago.分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。定语从句的做题步骤（三部曲）1、首先划先行词，区分人或物。151.(1)This is the movie we talked about just now.(2)This is the movie about we talked just now.A.which B.that C./D.whom2.(1)This is the women we talked about just now.(2)This is the women about we talked just now.A.who B.whom C.that D.Which E./1.(1)This is the movie 16This is all I can do for you2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand?先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,anything,something,much,little,nonenone等不定代词，引导定语从句用等不定代词，引导定语从句用thatthatThatthat5.仅用仅用that的情况的情况 （1）This is all I can do17Ive read all the books _ you lent me.that先行词被先行词被any,some,no,any,some,no,much,few,little,much,few,little,every,all,very,every,all,very,only,last only,last 修饰时修饰时,引导引导定语从句用定语从句用that that。仅用仅用that的情况的情况 (2)Ive read all the books _181.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。仅用仅用that的情况的情况 （3）1.This is the best TV _ 19This is the very book_ I want to share with you。A.what B.which B.C.that D.where 仅用仅用that的情况的情况 (4)The very:恰恰 the onlyThe sameThis is the very book_ I wa20总结“代高系”原则+“恰恰”原则 用that不用which.必须记住先行词是物。代-不定代词高-最高级系-系数词总结“代高系”原则+“恰恰”原则 用that不用which211.Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?Who,whichWho,which做先做先行词时，引导定行词时，引导定语从句用语从句用thatthatthat仅用仅用that的情况的情况 (5)1.Who _ you have ever se22We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.先行词中既有人又有事物时，先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that.that.仅用仅用that的情况的情况 (6)We were talking about the pers23练习1.This is the comrade：kmrid 伙伴,同事 _ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2.Whos the student _ the teacher is talking with?3.I like the present _ youve sent to me.4.The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.5.This is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.who练习1.This is the comrade：km246.This is the cleverest man _ Ive ever known.7.I bought all _ was necessary.8.The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.9.The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital.10.All _come are welcomeThatwhomwhom/thatthatthat6.This is the cleverest man _251、It is in the house I was born.A that B where C in which D/2、it is the house I was born.A that B where C on which D/判断句子是强调句的最快的方法是去It is以及that之后，句子成分仍旧是完整的，则为强调句。1、It is in the house I w26关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副关系副词指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during/which)where(=in/at/which)why(=for which)时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语v关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。定语从句中充当状语。二二关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at271.where的用法：2.表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。3.This is the house.I was born in the house.4.=This is the house where I was born.5.先行词 关系副词6.=This is the house which I was born in.7.=This is the house in which I was born.8.注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系代词“where的用法：282.when的用法：表的时候,修饰表时间的名词,如time,hour,day,month,date,year 等,在从句中做时间状语中做时间状语 We will never forget the day when we join the party.3.why的用法：表的原因，的理由。The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。2.when的用法：29先行词在定从中的不同成分先行词在定从中的不同成分,引导词不同引导词不同:a.This is the place where he works.This is the place which(that)we visited last year.b.Do you remember the days when we worked together?Do you remember the days that(which)we spent together?先行词在定从中的不同成分,引导词不同:30c.This is the reason why/for which he went.The reason that(which)he gave us was quite reasonable.注意：不要一看reason就用why，定语从句中注意give,tell,ask等后接双宾语的动词。c.This is the reason why/for 311.This is the reason he was late for school A.why B.because C./D.Which2.This is The reason he gave me the other day.A.Why B.for which C.that D.because1.This is the reason he wa32 一一.关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词与关系副词的区别1).a.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.b.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.2).a.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.b.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.why(which/that)when(which/that)Step2.Instructions 一.关系代词与关系副词的区别1).a.The rea333).a.Is this the factory_ we visited last year?b.Is this the house _Lincoln once lived?c.Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作若是作状语状语,就用就用where,when,why等等关系副词关系副词；若是作若是作主语主语、宾语或定语宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。等。the one3).a.Is this the factory_341.This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.2.A.It B.where C.that D.Which2.Your teacher of Chinese is a gentleman _ has rich experience.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose3.He said he saw me there,was a lie.A.which B.that C.who D.whatRevisionThis is the best hotel in the 351.This is the woman _ daughter is a nurse A.which B.that C./D.whose 2.this is the house _ windows face south A.of which B.of whom C.of which the D.of whom the Whose=of which the 1.This is the woman _ daught361.(1)Tom is such a strange boy _ no one can understand.(2)Tom is such a strange boy _ no one can understand him.A.as B.that C.whom D.whichB.2.(1)It is so heavy a box _ no one can liftC.(2)It is so heavy a box _ no one can lift it D.as B.that C.whom D.which1.(1)Tom is such a strange boy371.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days age?A.where B.that 2.C.on which D.the one3.2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that4.C.on whichD.the one5.3.Is this museum you visited yesterday?A.where B.thatB.C.on whichD.the one关系代词引导的定语从句课件38正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one 2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one答案：例1 选D，例2选 A。例1变为肯定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。准确判断先行词在定语从39如果先行词是如果先行词是the way，而且关系代词在定，而且关系代词在定语从句中充当状语，则定语从句通常由语从句中充当状语，则定语从句通常由in which或或that引导。也常可以省略引导词。引导。也常可以省略引导词。如：I dont like the way(thatin which)you treat her我不喜欢你对待她的方式。1Yon should treat him(in)the way _ suits him bestAthat Bin whichC Dwhy然而试题中的先行词the way，在后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选A如果先行词是the way，而且关系代词在定语从句中充当状语40time之后的定语从句之后的定语从句time作先行词，前面如有序数词和last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when,只能用that 或两者都不用。但前面如无序数词或last，常用when(有时也用that)引导定语从句。如：This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课。The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.我第一次见周总理是在1958年。time之后的定语从句time作先行词，前面如有序数词41介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构中的介词及关结构中的介词及关系代词的选择系代词的选择关系代词作介词宾语，介词可前置，此时只能用whomwhich“介词+whichwhom”的结构。该结构中介词的选择，一要看先行词；二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配；三要看句意。The world in which we live is so colorful.介词+关系代词”结构中的介词及关系代词的选择关系代词作421若为短语动词(即固定搭配)，那么介词不能放在关系词前面，如：look after，take care of，look for等。This is the book that/which he has been look for.2关系副词在意义上相当于“介词+which”。I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it1若为短语动词(即固定搭配)，那么介词不能放在关系词前面，43定语从句的常见考点：定语从句的常见考点：定语从句的常见考点：定语从句的常见考点：one of+the+复数名词 后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况：跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致，通常用复数。（但如果这一结构前面有the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。）如：This is one of the books that are required for study at school.这是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我校教师中唯一懂得法语的人。定语从句的常见考点：定语从句的常见考点：one 44“不定代词、数词或名词+of whichwhom”引出非限制性定语从句。表示整体中的一部分。如：There are 40 students in our class，27 of whom are boys我们班有40名学生，其中27名是男生。“不定代词、数词或名词+of whichwhom”引出非限45限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“，”与主句与主句隔开隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“，46限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 译法上译法上 译成先行词的定译成先行词的定语：语：“的的”通常译成主句通常译成主句的并列句的并列句 关系词的关系词的使用上使用上 1.作宾语时可作宾语时可省略省略1.不可省略不可省略 2.可用可用that 2.不用不用that 3.可用可用who 代代替替whom 3.不可用不可用who 代替代替whom 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句 非限制472.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.B.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。去掉从句，意义仍然完整。限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不48限制性限制性 定语定语 从句从句先行词是先行词是物物先行词先行词是人是人定语定语 地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主 宾宾关系关系代词代词which thatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen原因原因状语状语why限制性 定语先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状49非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句先行词是先行词是物物先行词先行词是人是人定语定语 地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主 宾宾关系关系代词代词which thatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen原因原因状语状语why非限制性定语从句先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾505.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 why 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用for whiche.g.I have told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用只能用whom，不能用，不能用who替换，也不能省略替换，也不能省略His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.A.whom B.who C.that D.whose5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：that 不能51在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面 的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有 两个两个:which,asAlice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.heB._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the twoC.countries are making progress.D.A.It B.As C.That D.What区别：区别：a.which 只能放在句只能放在句中，中，而而as 从句则还可以放在句首或句中。从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是必须是系动词系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。如：。如：as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as is reported,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面Ali52We will never forget the day.+we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.=We will never forget the day _ we will hold the Olympic Games._ which注意区别：注意区别：I will never forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which/that)I dont know the reason why he left here.=for whichwhenonWe will never forget the day.533.在在介词介词 whom/which 结构中，介词的选择结构中，介词的选择I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to that B.who C.from whom D.to whom根据先行词来判断根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbe proud of;turn to sb.for help3.在介词 whom/which 结构中，介词的选择54Exercises1.Look at the lady _ name is LiLi.2.A.who B.whose C.whom D.that2.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.3.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which3.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe.4.A.who B.whose C.whom D.whomExercises55p经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量pStudyConstantly,AndYouWillKnowEverything.TheMoreYouKnow,TheMorePowerfulYouWillBe写在最后经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量写56感谢聆听不足之处请大家批评指导Please Criticize And Guide The Shortcomings结束语讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日 感谢聆听结束语讲师：XXXXXX 57