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Horses run fast.He is eating a drumstick(鸡腿鸡腿).什么是动词?什么是动词?Horses run fast.He is eating 1一、定义一、定义 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。二、分类二、分类 动词按动词按含义含义及它们在句中的及它们在句中的作用作用分为四类:分为四类:情态动词情态动词行为行为(实义实义)动词动词系动词系动词助动词助动词一、定义二、分类 情态动词行为(实义)动词系动词助动词21行为行为(实义实义)动词动词(1)定义:实义动词意义完整,能够定义:实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语独立作谓语。按其持续性可分为:延续性动词和非延续性动词按其持续性可分为:延续性动词和非延续性动词。(2)分类:根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为:分类:根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为:及物动词及物动词 vt.不及物动词不及物动词 vi.1行为(实义)动词按其持续性可分为:延续性动词和非延续性3I like this book very much.Listen to the teacher carefully.He turned off the light when he left.We call the bird Polly.Please pass me the salt.She picked it up and gave it to me.He devoted his lifetime to the career.辨别及物和辨别及物和不不及物动词及物动词I like this book very much.辨别及4We study English.We study hard.有动词既是有动词既是及及物物动词又是动词又是不及物不及物动词吗?动词吗?Birds can fly.Look!He is flying a kite over there.Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian last year.They left last week.When did they leave Chicago?We study English.有动词既是及物动词又是不及5(1)及物动词及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。要求跟宾语。I learn English every day.(English是是learn的宾语的宾语)(2)不及物动词后面不及物动词后面不能直接不能直接跟宾语。跟宾语。We arrived at London at noon.总结总结:(3)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。它的作用相当于一个及物动词。pay attention to,go on with,turn off.(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。(2)不及物动词后面不能6注:注:带带省略省略to的不定式的不定式或或现在分词现在分词作宾补的动词有:作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。等。带带双宾语双宾语的动词有:的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return等。等。注:7(4)及物动词可以跟及物动词可以跟“双双宾语宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语),也可跟,也可跟“复合复合宾语宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语宾语和宾语补足语)。People give me their money.In England,people usually call me Jim for short.I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.(4)及物动词可以跟“双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语),也可8(2)分类分类:feel,smell,sound,tastebe 动词动词become,grow,turn,get,go,come,状态状态感官感官变化变化系动词系动词持续持续keep,rest,remain,stay表像表像seem,appear,look(2)分类:feel,smell,sound,tast92系动词系动词(1)定义:定义:系动词本身有词义,但系动词本身有词义,但不能不能单单独作独作谓语谓语,必须和表,必须和表语语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。She is very young.The song sounds very beautiful.Jack always keeps his roon clean and tidy.The grass turns green in spring.2系动词(1)定义:系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必101.助动词助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)(1).be+现在分词现在分词,构成进行时;构成进行时;We are playing basketball.(2).be+过去分词过去分词,构成被动语态。构成被动语态。The book was written by Lu Xun.2.助动词助动词have/has/had+动词过去分词,构成完成时。动词过去分词,构成完成时。I have learned English for eight years.1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)2.助113助动词助动词定义:助动词定义:助动词(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能不能单单独用作独用作谓语谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。以及否定和疑问结构。He is eating a drumstick.He is eating a drumstick.(实义动词实义动词)(?动词动词)3助动词He is eating a drumstick.124情态动词情态动词情态动词本身虽有意义,但情态动词本身虽有意义,但不完整不完整。它们。它们表示说话人的能力、表示说话人的能力、语气或情态语气或情态等,如等,如“可能可能”、“应当应当”。它们它们不能不能单单独作独作谓语谓语,必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词,必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有:。主要有:can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,will/would,shall/should等。等。4情态动词133.助动词助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问、否定、倒装句,用于构成疑问、否定、倒装句,加加强强语语气气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。及代替前面刚出现的动词等。Do you live in China?Yes,I do.He didnt play football yesterday.Only then did I realize I was wrong.4.助动词助动词will和和shall用于用于构成将来时。构成将来时。(shall仅仅用于第一人称用于第一人称)He asks me when we will leave.3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问、否定、倒装句,14(2)may 的用法:的用法:表示表示请请求、求、许许可可,意为,意为“可以可以”;表示表示猜猜测测,意为,意为“可能、也许可能、也许”等。等。can与与may均可用来均可用来征求意征求意见见或允或允许许,意为,意为“可以可以”,一般可互换使用;,一般可互换使用;以以may开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用may,而其否定回答,而其否定回答则多用则多用mustnt,而不用,而不用may not。(2)may 的用法:15(1)can的用法:的用法:表示表示能力能力,意为,意为“能、会能、会”;表示表示推推测测,意为,意为“可能可能”;表示表示请请求允求允许许,意为,意为“可以可以”。以以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用can和和cant。He can look after himself.(1)can的用法:16(4)need的用法:的用法:need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。用于否定句和疑问句中。而而need作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带to的不定式。的不定式。You neednt come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.Does she need to come?(4)need的用法:need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动17(3)must的用法:的用法:表示表示“必必须须、应该应该”;表示表示推推测测,“一定一定”。must表推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句表推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也用,否定句中也用may。否定句中,否定句中,mustnt表示表示禁止禁止,意为,意为“不允许不允许”;以以must开头的疑问句,否定回答则常用开头的疑问句,否定回答则常用neednt,neednt表示表示“不需要、不必不需要、不必”,相当于,相当于dont have to。You must tell your reason.(3)must的用法:18 must和和cantmust用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定一定”。推测的。推测的否定形式,否定形式,疑问形式用疑问形式用cant,couldnt表示。表示。如:如:He must be working in his office.Mike cant have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.must和cant19注:注:比较比较can和和be able to两者两者表示能力表示能力时时用法相同用法相同,但,但can只有现在式只有现在式can和过去式和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用两种形式,其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外,来表示。另外,be able to常常常常有有做成了某件事的意味。做成了某件事的意味。注:20短短语动词语动词常用的构成方式:常用的构成方式:1动词副词动词副词可用作及物或不及物动词。如:可用作及物或不及物动词。如:ring up“打电话打电话”(用作及物动用作及物动词词),look out“小心小心”(用作不及物动词用作不及物动词)。宾语如果是宾语如果是代代词词,必须放在,必须放在副词和动词之间副词和动词之间。Please put on your coat.Lets think it over.短语动词常用的构成方式:宾语如果是代词,必须放在副词和动词之211.Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now,he went to Beijing only this morning.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt2.-Must I stay at home,Mum?-No,you _.A.neednt B.mustnt C.dont D.may not3.-May I go to the cinema,Mum?-Certainly.But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A.can B.may C.must D.need4.To make our city more beautiful,rubbish _ into the river.A.neednt be thrownB.mustnt be thrownC.cant throw D.may not throw 1.Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing 224动词名词介词动词名词介词如:如:take care of“照顾照顾”,make use of“利用利用”。此种结构中,宾。此种结构中,宾语放在介词之后。语放在介词之后。Well take part in the meeting tomorrow.注:有些注:有些“动词副词动词副词”结构和结构和“动词介词动词介词”结构相当于一个及结构相当于一个及物动词。物动词。go bypass经过经过keep oncontinue继续继续call onvisit拜访拜访ring uptelephone打电话打电话set outstart开始开始care forlike喜欢喜欢4动词名词介词232动词动词介介词词无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后。无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后。Youll look after her at home.Im looking for my MP4.3动词副词介词动词副词介词如:如:do away with“去掉去掉”,go back to“回到回到(某处某处)去去”。此种结构中,。此种结构中,宾语要放在介词之后。宾语要放在介词之后。The boy gets on well with his classmates.2动词介词3动词副词介词241.Must we clean our classroom now?No,you _.A.mustnt B.cant C.dont D.neednt2.I would like _ your ten speed bicycle.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.saw3.Ill lend you my dictionary,but you can only_ it for one day.A.lend B.borrow C.have D.keep4._carefully and try to _ what he says.A.Listen to,hear B.Listen,listen C.Hear,listen to D.Listen,hear5.This kind of wine is made _ wheat.A.of B.from C.in D.into1.Must we clean our classroom255be形容词介词形容词介词形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物动词。如:动词。如:be ready for“为为做好准备做好准备”,be fond of“喜欢喜欢”,be afraid of“害怕害怕”。We are good at swimming.She is satisfied with what I did.5be形容词介词26Thank you!276.We _Nanjing on Tuesday morning.A.got B.arrived at C.reach D.reached7.They _the sick man to hospital at once.A.brought B.got C.carried D.took8.Can you _it in English?A.speak B.say C.tell D.talk9.The watch _me two hundred yuan.A.spent B.paid C.cost D.costed10.It takes me 30 minutes_to school by bike.A.going B.to go C.on going D.go6.We _Nanjing on Tuesda28
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