高考英语第一轮复习语法冲刺构词法课件

2019届高三语法总复习第2课构词法2019届高三语法总复习猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之最时髦的网络流行语之派生法派生法LOGO猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之派生法1.disclose ones secret2.Microblog3.wedding slave4.envious,jealous and hateful 婚奴婚奴微博微博吐槽吐槽羡慕嫉妒恨羡慕嫉妒恨前缀前缀:一般只改变一般只改变词义词义,不改变词类不改变词类后缀后缀:一般只改一般只改变词类变词类,不引起不引起词义变化词义变化1.discloseonessecret婚奴微博吐5.time-travel TV drama6.group purchasing7.daddy-is-the-key 8.leftover ladies 拼爹拼爹穿越剧穿越剧团购团购剩女剩女猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之最时髦的网络流行语之合成法合成法把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做这种构词的方法叫做合成法。合成法。5.time-travelTVdrama拼爹穿越剧猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之最时髦的网络流行语之转化法转化法9.被雷倒被雷倒(到到)了了 in shock/shock sb10.淡定淡定 keep calm/calm down转化法：不添加任何成分转化法：不添加任何成分,不改变词形不改变词形,把一个词把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之转化法9.被雷倒(到)了in1.mass bargainer2.the most-willful anti-mover3.hooligan software4.box office 5.couch potato 最牛钉子户最牛钉子户流氓软件流氓软件猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语最时髦的网络流行语拼客拼客票房票房电视迷电视迷1.massbargainer最牛钉子户流氓软件猜猜看1.mortgage slave2.Otaku3.Otaku girl 4.campus dwellers 5.hide-and-seek6.cheap copy房奴房奴宅男宅男宅女宅女赖校族赖校族山寨版山寨版猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语最时髦的网络流行语the stay-at-home type the stay-at-home type 1.mortgageslave房奴宅男宅女赖校族山寨版猜be sunk/sunken get some soy sauce Only a legendseckill(ing)grassroots post-80s workaholic猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语最时髦的网络流行语 囧囧 打酱油打酱油 哥只是个传说哥只是个传说 秒杀秒杀 麦兜族麦兜族 工作狂工作狂besunk/sunken猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语paid annual leave flatter sb take-awaymerit student,three good student(good in study,attitude and health)coupon freak(s)猜猜看猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语最时髦的网络流行语 带薪年假带薪年假 拍马屁拍马屁 外卖外卖 三好学生三好学生 折客族折客族paidannualleave猜猜看最时髦的构词法构词法构词法：合成合成(Compounding)派生法派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der一、派生法（一、派生法（Derivation）在在一一个个词词的的词词根根（root）前前面面或或后后面面加加上上某某个个词词缀缀（affix）来来产产生生新新词词，这这种种构构词词法法称称为为派派生生法法（derivation）或或词词缀缀法法（affixation）。加加在在前前面面的的词词缀缀叫叫前前缀缀（prefix），加加在在后后面面的词缀叫后缀（的词缀叫后缀（suffix）。）。一一般般情情况况下下，前前缀缀往往往往改改变变词词根根的的词词义义，不不改改变变词词根根的的词词性性；而而后后缀缀往往往往改改变变词词根根的的词词性性，有有些些也也涉涉及及意意义义的的变变化化。大大部部分分前前缀缀和和后后缀缀都都有有固固定定的的意意义义，因因而而许许多多派派生生词词的的词词义义可可以以通通过过词根及词缀的意思推知。词根及词缀的意思推知。构词法一、派生法（Derivation）构词法后缀法后缀法名词后缀名词后缀（一）后缀法（一）后缀法（Suffixation）：）：一般情况下，构成新词的词性发生改变，许多名词、形容名词、形容词、副词和动词词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1.构成名词的常用后缀有：1)构成表示人或物的名词的常用后缀有：-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ese,-ant等。例如：后缀法名词后缀（一）后缀法（Suffixation）：后缀法后缀法名词后缀名词后缀后缀法名词后缀后缀法后缀法名词后缀名词后缀2)构成表示行为、性质、状态行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有：-al,-ance,-ence,-(a)ton,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship等。例如：后缀法名词后缀2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的后缀法后缀法名词后缀名词后缀后缀法名词后缀后缀法后缀法形容词后缀形容词后缀2.构构成成形形容容词词的的常常用用后后缀缀有有：-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-ant,-ent,-ary,-en等。例如：等。例如：后缀法形容词后缀2.构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able后缀法后缀法形容词后缀形容词后缀后缀法形容词后缀后缀法后缀法形容词后缀形容词后缀后缀法形容词后缀后缀法后缀法副词后缀副词后缀3.构成副词的常用后缀有：构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly,-ward,-wise等。例如：等。例如：后缀法副词后缀3.构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly,-w后缀法后缀法副词后缀副词后缀一、形容词加一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律变为副词的规律1.一般情况加一般情况加-ly。2.“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的，将结尾的，将y改为改为-ily。如：。如：angry angrily/busy busily/heavy heavily 3.以以-ble结尾的，将结尾的，将ble改为改为bly。如：。如：probable probably/possible possibly后缀法副词后缀一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律4.个别单词，去掉个别单词，去掉e再加再加ly。如：如：gentle gently/true truly 5.以以-ic结尾的，加结尾的，加ally。如：如：basic basically/energetic energetically 注意：有的名词注意：有的名词+ly 形容词形容词 如：如：friend friendly/day daily 4.个别单词，去掉e再加ly。后缀法后缀法动词后缀动词后缀4.构成动词的常用后缀的有：构成动词的常用后缀的有：-ise/ize,-en,-ify等。例如等。例如：后缀法动词后缀4.构成动词的常用后缀的有：-ise/i1.He must be _(mental)disabled.2.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.高考真题高考真题mentallywarmly1.Hemustbe_(mental高考真题高考真题3.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.4.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.5.We drank together and talked _ (merry)till far into the night.choicenaturalmerrily高考真题3.ButJaneknewfrompast高考真题高考真题1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare_(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.unable Unfortunately高考真题1.Iwassupposedtoarriv高考真题高考真题3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally_(expect)way.4.Iwontdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis_(reason).unreasonable unexpected高考真题3.Veryearlythenextmor高考真题高考真题5.Job_(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.6.Allfactsarethesourceof_(conclude).conclusionsapplicants高考真题5.Job_(apply)n高考真题高考真题7.However,most_(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith_(educate).8.Excellentoralandwritten_(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof_(important).importancescientistscommunicationeducation高考真题7.However,most_高考真题高考真题9.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily_(require).10.Itisyour_(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.freedom requirement高考真题9.Freshfruitsandvegeta高考真题高考真题11.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat_,andthestudentsare_.(compete)12.Iam_(grate)toyouforyourhelp.13.Hegavemesome_(construct)suggestions.grateful competitorscompetitionconstructive 高考真题11.Asisknowntousall,高考真题高考真题14.Ajurysdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely_(object).15.Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin_(mountain)areas.16.Unfortunately,mycarbrokedownona_(mud)road.muddyobjectivemountainous高考真题14.Ajurysdecisionina高考真题高考真题17.Everyoneshouldplayhispartinbuildinga_(harmony)society.18.The_(mystery)lettersentfromTaiwanmadetheprofessorlostinthought.19.Tomakemyself_,Iwoulddosome_exerciseafterwork.(relax)relaxing harmoniousmysteriousrelaxed高考真题17.Everyoneshouldplayh高考真题高考真题20.Allthechildrenfelt_whentheyheardthe_news.(discourage)21.We_(apology)forthelatedepartureofthisflight.apologized discourageddiscouraging高考真题20.Allthechildrenfelt高考真题高考真题22.Thearticlecan_(long)outalittlebyaddingsomeexamples.23.Hisillness_(worse)duringthenight.24.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit_(intention).intentionallylengthenworsened高考真题22.Thearticlecan_高考真题高考真题25.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom_(brave).26.Ourproductsaresold_,(world).27.Hewentoutoftheoffice_(hurry)torunafterher.hurriedly bravelyworldwide高考真题25.Theblackpeoplewere高考真题高考真题28.Ilostmybalanceandfell_(back).29.Theyliveinthe_(west)partofthevillage.30.Itsveryimportanttoeat_(health).healthily backwardwestern高考真题28.Ilostmybalanceand高考真题高考真题二、语法填空AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200privatesafes.TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding31_(equip)todigholesanddestroywalls32_Saturdaynight.equipmenton高考真题二、语法填空equipmenton高考真题高考真题They tied up a 33 _(secure)guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 34 _(investigate)described the robbery as a“35 _(profession)job”.securityinvestigatorprofessional高考真题Theytiedupa33_高考真题高考真题The robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday and left at 7:00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the neighboring building,digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank,36 _was having building works at the time.which高考真题Therobberscameinatab高考真题高考真题When they left,the robbers set the place on fire to 37 _(move)any trace of evidence,switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building.38 _(fortune),the guard escaped 39 _(harm).removeFortunatelyunharmed高考真题Whentheyleft,therobbe40_ is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients(储户储户)know the content of their private safes.It 40_isdifficulttoestimat（二二）前前缀缀法法（Prefixation）：这这种种通通过过在在词词根根的的前前面面加加词词缀缀构构成成新新词词的的方方法法叫叫前前缀缀法法。一一般般情情况况下下，它它不不改改变变新新词词的的词词性性，只只引引起起词词义义的的变变化化。许许多多名名词词、形形容容词词、副副词词和和动动词词是是由由词词根根加加后后缀构成的。缀构成的。1.常常见见的的表表示示否否定定或或相相反反意意义义的的前前缀缀有有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-等。例如：等。例如：（二）前缀法（Prefixation）：这种通过在词根的前面表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀2.常见的表示其他意思的前缀有：表示其他意思的前缀2.常见的表示其他意思的前缀有：表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀表示其他意思的前缀合成法合成法名词名词合成法名词合成法合成法形容词形容词合成法形容词合成法合成法动词动词、代词和副词代词和副词合成法动词、代词和副词转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.record n.记录记录v.记录记录He broke the record.He records something while reading a book.转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来转换法转换法综述综述三、转换法（三、转换法（conversion）在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多，但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。例如：dreamv.做梦n.梦lookv.看n.相貌backn.后背v.支持airn.空气v.通风bettera.较好v.改善转换法综述三、转换法（conversion）转换法转换法综述综述有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词重音在前，动词重音在后，有时读音也有不同，应予注意。例如;accenttransportrecordimportconvictconflictcontrastsurvey转换法综述有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词转换法转换法名词转换成动词名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随着有些改变。如：chair（n.椅子v.主持）hand（n.手v.上交）land（n.土地v.着陆）cook（n.厨师v.烹调）order（n.命令v.订购）name（n.名字v.取名）lift（n.电梯v.举起）picture（n.画v.描绘）press（n.报刊v.挤压）nurse（n.护士v.照料）smoke（n.烟v.吸烟）stand（n.看台v.站）转换法名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也转换法转换法动词转换成名词动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如：try（v.尝试n.尝试）read(v.阅读n.阅读)swim（v.游泳n.游泳）sigh（v.叹气n.叹气）cry(v.哭n.哭)shout（v.呼喊n.呼喊）kiss(v.吻n吻)guess(v.猜测n猜测)转换法动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思转换法转换法形容转换成动词形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：better（a.更好的v.改善）calm（a.安静的v.使安静）cool（a.凉快的v.冷却）spare（a.空闲的v.节省）own（a.自己的v.拥有）close（a.亲密的v.关闭）slow（a.慢的v.减慢）last（a.最后的v.持续）转换法形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：转换法转换法形容词转换成名词和副词形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：cold（a.冷的n.感冒）back（a.后面的n.背部）quiet(a.安静的n.恬静)calm(a.平静的n安静)5.形容词转化成副词。如：deep（a.深的ad.深地）wide（a.宽的ad.广泛地）hard（a.困难的ad.努力地）well（a.健康的ad.很好地）转换法形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde一、请找出下列句中的合成词一、请找出下列句中的合成词,指出其指出其意义。意义。1.This fully updated book features the latest information about study opportunities.updated最新的最新的 即时练习即时练习一、请找出下列句中的合成词,指出其意义。updated最2.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.short-tempered 急脾气的急脾气的3.He is said to be“undersized,”with“short legs”and a“round stomach”.undersized个子小的个子小的2.Itissaidthatashort-tem4.Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.What does the word“shoplifter”mean?A.AthiefB.AguideinashopC.theownerofashopD.Aporter(搬运工)shop+lifter shoplifter lifter n.小偷小偷4.Yet,shopkeepersmayhav高考英语第一轮复习语法冲刺构词法课件