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definitioncompound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.definitioncompound:Inlinguis1classificationCompoundNounsCompoundadjectivesCompoundVerbsclassificationCompoundNouns2CompoundNounsAcompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.CompoundNounsAcompoundnoun3threeformsforcompoundnouns1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedroom）threeformsforcompoundnouns4A.noun+noun：honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+roomkingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fallboyhood：boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jackerA.noun+noun：5football:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire-fly（萤火虫）:fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friendpoliceman:police+manfootball:foot+ball6B.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路)：clear+wayeasy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+fatherB.adjective+noun7blackboard:black+boardsoftware:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+manshorthand(速记）:short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+landblackboard:black+board8C.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwaterdrivewaychatroomjumpsuit(跳伞服）workexperienceswearwordplayboypickpocketC.Verb+noun:9Dverb(-ing)+noun：washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdivingboard跳板drivinglicense驾驶执照landingcard登陆卡Dverb(-ing)+noun：10E.Noun+verb/（-ing）sunrisehaircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving开运货汽车coalminingweightliftingbirdwatchinghandwritingbookkeepingE.Noun+verb/（-ing）11F.adverb+nounonlookerbystander(旁观者）under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoatF.adverb+noun12G.adverb+verbOver(结束）throwinputoutputoutletupset(翻倒，混乱）upturnUpstartonflow(湍流）outbreakoutcomeG.adverb+verb13Verb+preposition:check-out/intake-offget-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrasemother/father-in-lawVerb+preposition:14PronunciationCompoundnounstendtohavemorestressonthefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.agreenhouse=placewherewegrowplants(compoundnoun)agreen house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)abluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)ablue bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPronunciationCompoundnounst15PluralformsofcompoundnounsIngeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothebaseword(themostsignificantword).Lookattheseexamples:singularpluralatennisshoethreetennisshoesoneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmastersthesergeantmajor（军士长）somesergeantsmajoramother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstatemytoothbrushourtoothbrushesawoman-doctorfourwomen-doctorsadoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosophyapasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-byPluralformsofcompoundnouns16Becareful!deadpresidentbusybodymaddoctor=ThePsychiatristconfidencemandressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalkwhitemanGreekgiftBecareful!17CompoundnounquizUsingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughtermyson-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonthstwothree-monthperiodsCompoundnounquizUsingcompo18Compoundadjectives1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheycomeafter(Theactoriswell known).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidly changing)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.(Four-footisanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolinkfourandfoottoshowthatitisoneadjective.)2.Itisa6-pagedocument.3.Claireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.http:/ verb,whichcarriesanyinflections,indicatingtense,mood,oraspect,butprovidesonlyfineshadesofmeaning.Theother,primary“componentisaverbornounwhichcarriesmostofthesemanticsofthecompound,anddeterminesitsarguments.CompoundVerbsInlinguistics,40Dontunderestimateherpotential.Inthissentence,underestimateisacompoundverbwhichcontainstwomorphemes,underandestimate.Dontunderestimateherpotent411.noun+verb:sleepwalkwindsurfbrainwashcross-questionsidestep1.noun+verb:sleepwalk422.adjective+nounwhitewashdry-cleansafeguardblacklistfast-talk2.adjective+noun433.adverb+verb:downloadoverthrowovertakedownsizeupgradeupliftupbuildoverrateunderestimateoutgooutdoouteatoutrun(超过；跑得比快)off-load3.adverb+verb:441.Conversion（转化法）2.Back-formation(逆生法）Usually:dancer&dancing(dance+-er&-ing）英语构词法-复合词课件45Conversiontonicknamenicknametospotlightspotlighttohoneymoonhoneymoontooutlineoutlinetomachine-gunmachine-gunConversiontonicknamenicknam46Back-formationtomass-producemass-productiontoproof-read(校对）proofreadingtochain-smokechainsmokertospeed-readspeed-readingtosoft-landsoftlandingtosight-seesight-seeingtotape-recordtaperecorderBack-formationtomass-pr47Thankyou!48
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