高考英语阅读长难句的分类与解析课件

高考英高考英语阅读长难语阅读长难句的句的分分类类与解析与解析1-高考英语阅读文章中往往会有一些长难句，这些长难句常常是考题所要考查的对象，也是考生理解文章的一大障碍。针对长难句，要学会利用语法知识中的句法知识来理解，先判断句子的主干部分，而对于句子的修饰、补充成分，可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再来理解修饰、补充成分。同时，句子中的标点符号也是一个很重要的判断依据，要充分利用标点符合，帮助我们判断句子的主干和修饰成分。根据长难句的结构，我们可以把长难句分为：环环相扣式、并列式、插入语式和改变语序式。2-一、一、环环环环相扣式相扣式这类这类句子往往有多重句子修句子往往有多重句子修饰饰成分，成分，这这些修些修饰饰成分往往用非成分往往用非谓语动词谓语动词或从句充当。或从句充当。在在阅读过阅读过程中，程中，对对于于这类这类句式句式应应当先找到句当先找到句子的主干，然后再看修子的主干，然后再看修饰饰成分。成分。二、并列式二、并列式有有时时候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，如并列主如并列主语语、并列、并列谓语谓语、并列、并列宾语宾语等，等，这这些些并列并列结结构往往有构往往有连词连连词连接。在解接。在解读这类读这类句式句式时时，要注意利用，要注意利用连词连词和和标标点符号来判断并列点符号来判断并列部分。部分。3-三、插入三、插入语语式式有些句子在中有些句子在中间间会用逗号或破折号分开，会用逗号或破折号分开，而而处处于逗号或破折号之于逗号或破折号之间间的内容通常被称的内容通常被称为为插入插入语语。阅读时阅读时，要先将插入，要先将插入语语部分跳部分跳过过，先先读读主句，然后再主句，然后再读读插入插入语语部分。部分。四、改四、改变语变语序式序式有有时时候，有些句子会使用改候，有些句子会使用改变语变语序的手序的手段，主要以段，主要以强强调结调结构和倒装来使句子复构和倒装来使句子复杂杂化。化。正确掌握正确掌握强强调调句型和倒装句型和倒装语语法是理解法是理解这类这类句句型的关型的关键键。4-1.Their study found that theobromine1.Their study found that theobromine，found in found in cocoacocoa，was nearly a third more effective in was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeinestopping coughs than codeine，which was considered which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatmentto more effective cough treatment，“while“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的有害的)it can)it can have a major effect on the quality of life and”have a major effect on the quality of life and”this discovery could be a huge step forward in this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problemtreating this problem，”said Professor Peter”said Professor Peter Barnes.53.According to Professor BarnesBarnes.53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine_.theobromine_.A A A A.cannot be as effective as.cannot be as effective as codeine codeine B.B.B.B.can be harmful to peoples healthcan be harmful to peoples healthC C C C.cannot be separated from chocolate.cannot be separated from chocolateD.D.D.D.can be a more effective cure for coughscan be a more effective cure for coughsD D5-Their study found Their study found that that theobrominetheobromine，found in cocoafound in cocoa，waswas nearly a third more nearly a third more effectiveeffective in stopping coughs in stopping coughs than codeinethan codeine，whichwhich was was considered the best cough considered the best cough medicine at present.medicine at present.译译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药药物，可是他物，可是他们们的研究的研究发现发现在可可在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其粉中包含的可可碱，其疗疗效又比可效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。卡因几乎高三分之一。6-The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的)it can have a major effect on the quality of life and”this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，”said Professor Peter Barnes.在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。7-2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30%is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70%warms the surface of the planet.题目:Only a small part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_.A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakesC C8-Much of the Much of the energyenergy that comes from the that comes from the SunSun never reachesnever reaches the Earths the Earths surfacesurface.ItIt isis either either reflectedreflected or or absorbedabsorbed by the gases in the upper by the gases in the upper atmosphere.atmosphere.来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，面，这这种能量或者被上种能量或者被上层层大气中的气体反射大气中的气体反射或吸收或吸收 9-Of the energy Of the energy that reaches the lower that reaches the lower atmosphereatmosphere，30%is reflected30%is reflected by by clouds or the Earths surface.The clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining remaining 70%warms the surface70%warms the surface of of the planet.the planet.在到达低在到达低层层大气的能量中，有大气的能量中，有30%30%的能量的能量被云被云层层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%70%使地球的表面温暖。使地球的表面温暖。10-3.The response to her request for help was 3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 3001989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids 000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山山东东卷卷D D篇篇)72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.A.a program to help students with A.a program to help students with writingwritingB.a project of litter recyclingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushC.a campaign launched by President Bush D.a club of environmental protection D.a club of environmental protectionD D11-3.The response to her request for help was 3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 3001989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids 000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.youth environmental organization.73.What can we learn about Poe?73.What can we learn about Poe?A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B.She donated billboard across the B.She donated billboard across the country.country.C.She got positive responses for her C.She got positive responses for her effortseffortsD.She joined the National Park Service.D.She joined the National Park Service.C C12-73.The 73.The responseresponse to her request for to her request for help help waswas so so hugehuge thatthat Poe established Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 300F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide 000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.environmental organization.译译文：人文：人们对们对她她请请求帮助的反求帮助的反应应如此如此强强烈以至于波建立了一个烈以至于波建立了一个为为了更了更洁净环洁净环境的境的孩子的孩子的组织组织。现现在在这这个个组织组织在全世界有在全世界有300300，000000名成名成员员，并且它是世界上最大的青少，并且它是世界上最大的青少年年环环保保组织组织。13-4.One of the reasons that made it cool 4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his for him not to care was the power of his peer(peer(同同龄龄人人)group.(NMET 2008)group.(NMET 2008 辽辽宁卷宁卷C C篇篇)64.Why did Tom give up studying?64.Why did Tom give up studying?A.He disliked his teachers.A.He disliked his teachers.B.His parents no longer supported B.His parents no longer supported him.him.C.Its cool for boys of his age C.Its cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.not to care about studies.D.There were too many subjects in his D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.secondary school.C C14-4.4.One of the reasonsOne of the reasons that made it that made it cool for him not to carecool for him not to care waswas the the powerpower of his peer(of his peer(同同龄龄人人)group.(NMET 2008 group.(NMET 2008 辽辽宁卷宁卷C C篇篇)译译文：文：对对他来他来说说，不关心自己的学，不关心自己的学习习是一种酷的是一种酷的标标志的原因之一是受到他志的原因之一是受到他的同的同龄龄人的影响。人的影响。15-5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many peoplepowerlessness in many people，ending in the ending in the shopper giving up and walking awayshopper giving up and walking away，or just buying or just buying an unsuitable item(an unsuitable item(商品商品)that is not really)that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008wanted.(NMET 2008重重庆庆卷卷E E篇篇)73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to 73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.People are likely to on a suitable product.B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.often misleading about the range of choice.C C16-5.The endless choice gives birth 5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples to anxiety in peoples lives.lives.Buying somethingBuying something as basic as as basic as a coffee pot a coffee pot is notis not exactly exactly simplesimple.译译文：无文：无穷穷尽的尽的选择给选择给人人们们的生活的生活带带来来了无尽的了无尽的烦恼烦恼。买买像咖啡像咖啡壶这样壶这样最基本最基本的的东东西也不是那么西也不是那么简单简单了了。17-Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品)that is not really wanted.对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。18-6.As the only girl in a family of seven 6.As the only girl in a family of seven childrenchildren，she often felt like she had she often felt like she had“seven fathers“seven fathers，”because her six”because her six brothersbrothers，as well as her fatheras well as her father，tried to tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportantcontrol her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(she retreated(躲躲避避)into books.Despite her)into books.Despite her love of readinglove of reading，she did not do well in she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷天津卷A A篇篇)36.Which of the following is TRUE about 36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A.She had seven Cisneros in her childhood?A.She had seven brothers.B.She felt herself a nobody.brothers.B.She felt herself a nobody.C.She was too shy to go to school.D.She C.She was too shy to go to school.D.She did not have any good teachers.did not have any good teachers.B B19-As the only girl in a family of seven As the only girl in a family of seven childrenchildren，she often felt like she had she often felt like she had“seven fathers“seven fathers，”becausebecause her six her six brothersbrothers，as well asas well as her father her father，tried to control her.tried to control her.作作为为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一种感有一种感觉觉，就是她，就是她拥拥有有“七个父七个父亲亲”，原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲亲都想控制都想控制她她 20-Feeling shy and unimportantFeeling shy and unimportant，she she retreated(retreated(躲躲避避)into books.)into books.DespiteDespite her love of readingher love of reading，she did not do she did not do well in elementary school well in elementary school becausebecause she was she was tootoo shy shy toto participate.participate.由于羞怯和由于羞怯和觉觉得无地位的得无地位的缘缘故，她故，她总总是是埋埋头头苦苦读读。尽管她酷。尽管她酷爱读书爱读书，可是在小，可是在小学她的成学她的成绩绩不佳，因不佳，因为为她太害羞而不能她太害羞而不能积积极地参与。极地参与。21-7.They may think that eating lunch is the 7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Orcause of the sleepiness.Or，in summerin summer，they may think it is the heat.Howeverthey may think it is the heat.However，the the real reason lies inside their bodies.At real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time about eight hours after you that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.feel sleepy.44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early 44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?afternoon according to the text?A.They eat too much for lunch.A.They eat too much for lunch.B.They sleep too little at night.B.They sleep too little at night.C.Their body temperature becomes lower.C.Their body temperature becomes lower.D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.C C22-7.They may think 7.They may think thatthat eating lunch eating lunch is the causeis the cause of the sleepiness.Or of the sleepiness.Or，in summerin summer，they may think it is the they may think it is the heat.Howeverheat.However，the real reason lies the real reason lies inside their bodies.inside their bodies.他他们们可能可能认为认为吃午吃午饭饭是他是他们们困乏的原因。困乏的原因。或者在夏天，他或者在夏天，他们们可能可能认为认为是炎是炎热热的的缘缘故。然而，真正的原因在于他故。然而，真正的原因在于他们们身体的身体的内部。内部。23-At that time about eight hours after At that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes you wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is down.This is what makeswhat makes you slow down you slow down and feel sleepy.and feel sleepy.在那在那时时，也就是，也就是说说，在你醒来大，在你醒来大约约八个小八个小时时之后，你的体温开始呈下降的之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势趋势。这这就是就是使你行使你行动迟缓动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。并且感到困乏的原因。24-8.These brain differences also explain the 8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skillsgood spatial skills，while more women speech while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖祖先先)，among whom women needed speech skills to among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to huntspatial skills to hunt，according to one according to one research.research.题题目目Which of the following do you Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth agree with according to the fourth paragraph?paragraph?A.A.Young boys may be stronger than Young boys may be stronger than young girls Byoung girls B.More women take up jobs More women take up jobs requiring speech skills requiring speech skills C.C.Women may have Women may have stronger feelings than men.stronger feelings than men.D.D.Our ancestors Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.needed more spatial skills.B B25-These brain dThese brain differencesifferences also also explain the factexplain the fact thatthat more men take more men take up jobs up jobs thatthat require good spatial require good spatial skillsskills，whilewhile more women speech more women speech skills.skills.大大脑这脑这些差异也解些差异也解释释了了这样这样的事的事实实：更：更多的男性从事空多的男性从事空间间技能的工作，而更多技能的工作，而更多的女性的女性则则从事需要从事需要语语言技能的工作。言技能的工作。26-It may all go back to our It may all go back to our ancestors(ancestors(祖先祖先)，among whomamong whom women women needed speech skills to take care needed speech skills to take care of their babies of their babies andand men needed men needed spatial skills to huntspatial skills to hunt，according according to one research.to one research.这这种种现现象也可以追溯到我象也可以追溯到我们们的祖先的祖先时时代，代，据一据一项项研究表明，在他研究表明，在他们们当中，女性做当中，女性做的是照看孩子的是照看孩子这样这样的需要的需要语语言技能的工言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩作，男性做的是像狩猎这样猎这样的需要空的需要空间间技能的工作。技能的工作。27-9.In those days9.In those days，IP rights were easily IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying obtain intellectual property without paying for it.Howeverfor it.However，a lot of IPa lot of IP，including songsincluding songs，filmsfilms，books and artworkbooks and artwork，can be can be downloaded today free of charge using the downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008Internet.(NMET2008江西卷江西卷D D篇篇)69.What do we know about the Internet 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?according to the passage?A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.B.It sells songs and films.B.It sells songs and films.C.It does not affect the way we C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.understand IP rights.D.It prevents the production of artworkD.It prevents the production of artwork.A A28-In those daysIn those days，IP rights were easily IP rights were easily protected protected sincesince it wasit was very very difficult difficult to obtainto obtain intellectual property without intellectual property without paying for it.Howeverpaying for it.However，a lot of a lot of IPIP，including songsincluding songs，filmsfilms，books and books and artworkartwork，can be downloadedcan be downloaded today free today free of charge using the Internet.of charge using the Internet.译译文：在那个文：在那个时时代，知代，知识产权识产权很容易受很容易受到保到保护护，因，因为为不付不付费费想得到知想得到知识产权识产权是很困是很困难难的。然而，的。然而，现现在在许许多知多知识产权识产权包括歌曲、包括歌曲、电电影、影、书书籍和籍和艺术艺术品通品通过过使用因特网都可以使用因特网都可以免免费费下下载载 29-10.The busier we are10.The busier we are，the more important the more important we seem to ourselves andwe seem to ourselves and，we imaginewe imagine，to to others.To be unavailable to our friends others.To be unavailable to our friends and familyand family，and to be unable to find and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷湖北卷D D篇篇)74.According to Paragraph 474.According to Paragraph 4，a a successful person is one who is believed successful person is one who is believed to _.to _.A.be able to work without stressA.be able to work without stressB.be more talented than other peopleB.be more talented than other peopleC.be more important than anyone elseC.be more important than anyone else D.be busy working without time to D.be busy working without time to restrestD D30-The busierThe busier we are we are，the more the more importantimportant we seem to ourselves and we seem to ourselves and，we imaginewe imagine，to others.to others.To be To be unavailable to our friends and unavailable to our friends and familyfamily，and to be unable to find and to be unable to find time to relaxtime to relaxthis has become the this has become the model of a successful life.model of a successful life.译译文：我文：我们们越忙，越忙，对对我我们们自己而言，自己而言，而且我而且我们们也以也以为为在其他人看来，我在其他人看来，我们们越越重要。我重要。我们们无空帮助朋友，找不到无空帮助朋友，找不到时间时间照照顾顾家庭，找不到自己放松的家庭，找不到自己放松的时间时间，这这已已经经成成为为了成功生活的模式。了成功生活的模式。31-11.The researchers said that among the 11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancerthose people most at risk for skin cancerpeople with fair skin and freckles(people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑雀斑)，for exampleare more likely to use for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen.As a resultsunscreen.As a result，it may appear that it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.sunscreen users get cancer more often.73.People with fair skin and 73.People with fair skin and freckles_.freckles_.A.seldom use sunscreenA.seldom use sunscreen B.are more in danger of skin cancer B.are more in danger of skin cancerC.can be free from the harm of the sunC.can be free from the harm of the sunD.often expose themselves to the sunD.often expose themselves to the sunB B32-The researchers said The researchers said thatthat oneone among the among the problems with some earlier studies problems with some earlier studies isis thatthat they often failed to take into they often failed to take into account those account those peoplepeople most at risk for most at risk for skin cancerskin cancerpeople with fair skin and people with fair skin and freckles(freckles(雀斑雀斑)，for examplefor exampleareare more more likely tolikely to