高考英语长难句解析课件

解析高考英解析高考英语语阅读阅读中的中的长难长难句句1-在在阅读阅读中，我中，我们经们经常会遇到一常会遇到一些些长长而而难难的句子。的句子。长难长难句通常含有句通常含有较较多、多、较长较长的修的修饰饰成分、并列成分成分、并列成分或从句。或从句。长难长难句的丰富内容和复句的丰富内容和复杂杂结结构往往会构往往会导导致理解的困致理解的困难难。理解。理解长难长难句的关句的关键键是了解是了解长难长难句的句的类类型，型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键键部分。部分。2-1、带带有有较较多成分的多成分的简单简单句。句。Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.一、一、长难长难句的分句的分类类3-2、含有多个、含有多个简单简单句的并列句。句的并列句。In the 1970s,he was a surgeon at Yale，and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.4-I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的不能再生的)resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.3、含有多个从句的复合句。、含有多个从句的复合句。5-4、含有多个插入成分的句子。、含有多个插入成分的句子。His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地）（无知地）enough when,as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.6-5、并列复合句。、并列复合句。I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.7-Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6、倒装句。倒装句。8-1、复合从句复合从句 句子句子较长较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环环环相扣。不管句子有多相扣。不管句子有多长长有多复有多复杂杂，它只由两部分，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修构成，即主干和修饰饰成分。成分。主干主干是整个句子的骨是整个句子的骨架，主要指架，主要指主主谓宾结谓宾结构或主系表构或主系表结结构构。而修。而修饰饰成成分在句中只起修分在句中只起修饰饰或或补补充主干的作用，它既可以充主干的作用，它既可以是是单词单词，也可以是短，也可以是短语语，更常，更常见见的的则则是从句，尤是从句，尤其是定其是定语语从句和状从句和状语语从句。从句。我我们应们应通通过过仔仔细细分析，将每个修分析，将每个修饰饰成分划成分划出来，找出句子的主干，出来，找出句子的主干，这样这样整个句子整个句子结结构就清构就清晰了。晰了。二、二、长难长难句的句的归纳归纳9-2、分隔分隔结结构构为为了了调调整整语语气和增加气和增加补补充信息，更主充信息，更主要的是要的是为为了平衡句子了平衡句子结结构，避免构，避免头头重脚重脚轻轻，使使语义严语义严密，密，结结构构紧紧凑，可将凑，可将语语法关系密法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他切的两个句子成分用其他语语法成分分隔开法成分分隔开来，来，这这就是所就是所谓谓的分隔的分隔结结构。考构。考试试中出中出现现较较多的是多的是插入插入语语、用、用破折号破折号插入的新插入的新话题话题或或补补充信息。此外，充信息。此外，还还有一些句子成分有一些句子成分（一般是（一般是定定语语）过长过长而出而出现现后置后置，也可以，也可以看作是插入看作是插入现现象。只不象。只不过过它只是句子原有它只是句子原有成分位置的成分位置的调调整，没有新增信息。整，没有新增信息。10-3、成分省略成分省略 在英在英语语句子中，句子中，节约节约用用词词是一条是一条重要的修辞原重要的修辞原则则。省略主要是。省略主要是为为了了避避免重复免重复，突出关，突出关键词键词并使上下文并使上下文紧紧密密连连接。成分省略一般和从句相接。成分省略一般和从句相结结合，合，一正一反，使句子富于一正一反，使句子富于变变化，增化，增强强表表现现力。力。11-4、改改变语变语序序改改变语变语序主要指序主要指倒装句式倒装句式。这这种种打破相打破相对对固定的常固定的常规语规语序的做法，或序的做法，或是是为为了了强强调调句子的意句子的意义义表达的重心，表达的重心，或是或是强强调调一种表达一种表达语语气，如虚气，如虚拟语拟语气、气、否定否定语语气等。气等。这这些句子往往和一些些句子往往和一些副副词词、连词连词相关，有明相关，有明显显的的标标志。志。12-(1)(1)结结构分析法构分析法 所所谓结谓结构分析法，就是通构分析法，就是通过语过语法分法分析，迅速弄清句子的析，迅速弄清句子的结结构，把握住句子构，把握住句子的基本框架。的基本框架。首先，判断首先，判断该该句是句是简单简单句、句、并列句并列句还还是复合句；然后，找出句子的是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主核心成分，分清主语语和和谓语谓语，再分清句，再分清句子附属成分。子附属成分。三、分析三、分析长难长难句的方法策略句的方法策略13-句句 子子判判 断断简单简单句句并列句并列句复合句复合句主主 干干并列并列连词连词从属从属连词连词14-However,who specialize in ageing the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.方法一：方法一：较较复复杂单杂单句的句的处处理方法理方法找主、找主、谓语谓语，即找主干成分，即找主干成分many scientists are doubtful about it and say 15-方法二：并列句的方法二：并列句的处处理方法理方法 找并列找并列连词连词 Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding Mr.Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.and16-方法三：主从复合句的方法三：主从复合句的处处理方法理方法 找从属找从属连词连词 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble he appeared one night asking he could sleep on the sofa.Whereasthatthatuntilif17-方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处处理方法理方法 先先读读懂并列句，再看主从复合句懂并列句，再看主从复合句 you ask people to name one person had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”,and“Webster”,none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.butIfwhowho18-(2)(2)意群意群阅读阅读法法 意群意群阅读阅读法即把意法即把意义义和和语语法法结结构上有关构上有关联联的几个的几个词连词连接成接成较较完整的信息。此方法不完整的信息。此方法不仅仅有利于提高有利于提高阅读阅读速度，而且速度，而且有利于有利于对对句子的整体理解。句子的整体理解。19-分析：分析：是状是状语语从句，从句，是主句，是主句，是是withwith引引导导的介的介词词短短语语作状作状语语，修，修饰谓饰谓语语。这样这样，把整个句子划，把整个句子划为为3 3个意群，可个意群，可以大大提高以大大提高阅读阅读速度。速度。When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshieldwith a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.20-1.1.句子信息量大，句子信息量大，结结构复构复杂杂，附加成，附加成 分多（几种从句同分多（几种从句同时时出出现现）2.2.分隔分隔现现象普遍（主象普遍（主谓谓分隔、同位分隔、同位语语 分隔、定分隔、定语语分隔等）分隔等）3.3.省略省略现现象象 四、四、长难长难句的几个特点句的几个特点 这这些都增加了些都增加了阅读阅读的的难难度。因此在度。因此在回回归语归语篇复篇复习时习时，要运用所学知，要运用所学知识识去去突破英突破英语阅读语阅读中的中的长难长难句。句。21-五、分析五、分析长难长难句的注意事句的注意事项项1 1、是否有同位、是否有同位语语和插入和插入语语。2 2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现现象。象。3 3、替代、替代词词的所指的所指对对象。象。4 4、判断并列成分的、判断并列成分的层层次。次。5 5、句首的并列、句首的并列连词连词andand、oror、butbut、forfor通常起承上启下的通常起承上启下的 作用，不要将他作用，不要将他们归们归入后文的句法分析。入后文的句法分析。6 6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现现象。象。7 7、非限定、非限定动词动词短短语语在句中作次要成分（定在句中作次要成分（定语语和状和状语语）时时 又又带带着自己着自己较长较长的从属成分，尤其是状的从属成分，尤其是状语语从句或从句或宾语宾语 从句从句时时的的结结构分析。构分析。8 8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语语（单单个个词词、短短语语或从句）究竟是全句的修或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还饰语还是某个从句或是某个从句或词词 语语的修的修饰语饰语。22-六、六、长难长难句的分析句的分析实实例例 经经典高考真典高考真题题（NMET2003.ANMET2003.A篇）篇）实实例分析，分析下面例分析，分析下面这这篇文章共有篇文章共有194194个个单词单词，却只有，却只有9 9个句子，平均个句子，平均每个句子大每个句子大约约有有2222个个单词单词，是近几，是近几年高考英年高考英语阅读语阅读理解中一篇比理解中一篇比较较典典型的集中含有型的集中含有长难长难句的文章。句的文章。23-Tristan da Cunha,a 38-square-mile island,is the farthest inhabited island in the world,according to the Guinness Book of Records.It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St.Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海葡萄牙海军军上将上将)of the same name in 1506,and settled in 1810,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures,called moai,for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday,1722,however,settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name.Today,2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智智利利领领土土).They share one street,a small airport and a few hours of television per day.24-1.Whats the name of the Portuguese admiral?2.Whats the Easter Island well-known for?A.Easter B.St.HelenaB.C.Tristan da Cunha D.PitcairnA.the most distant island B.MoaiB.C.one street D.Easter Sunday25-a 38-square-mile island,is the farthest inhabited island in the world,according to the Guinness Book of Records.It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St.Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa.and settled in 1810,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time On Easter Sunday,1722,however,settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name.Today,2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利智利领领土土).They share one street,a small airport and a few hours of television per day.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海葡萄牙海军军上将上将)of the same name in 1506,Tristan da Cunha,to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures,called Moai,for which the island is most famous.26-Tristan da Cunha,is the farthest inhabited island in the world,a 38-square-mile island,according to the Guinness Book of Records.27-It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St.Helena,1,950 miles west of Africa.and28-Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海葡萄牙海军军上将上将)of the same name in 1506,and settled in 1810,Great Britain a population of a few hundred.the island belongs toand has29-and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island ,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.Easter IslandisComing in a close second30-The mountainous 64-square-mile around the 5th century,supposedly who were lost at sea.island was settledby people31-They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,called moai,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures for which the island is most famous.32-On Easter Sunday,1722,however,settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name.Today,2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利智利领领土土).They share one street,a small airport and a few hours of television per day.33-34-